MODULE-II

TYPES OF DISASTER

Prepared by
Prof. Nagma Alam
 Natural Disasters

Geological Hydrological Meteorological

• Earthquake • Flood • Cyclone

• Landslides • Tsunami • Drought
• Avalanches • Mudflow • Cloud Burst
• Volcanic • Storm
eruption • Storm surge
• Global
Warming &
Ozone
Depletion
Natural Disaster - Flood
 Flood - Introduction
• Floods are a common feature in the
country that occur every year in many
parts of India.
• A flood occurs when Geomorphic
Equilibrium in the river system is
disturbed because of intrinsic or extrinsic
factors or when a system crosses the
geomorphic threshold.
(a) Flooding in a river due to
aggradations [the deposition of
• Floods in major cities especially
material by a river, stream, or current]
during any rainy season are proving
of river bed (intrinsic threshold). to disastrous not only to the
(b) Flooding in a river due to heavy environment but also have serious
rainfall (extrinsic threshold). implications for human life and
property.
 Causes of Flooding

Torrential Rain Dam Collapse

Snow Melt
Tsunami caused by underwater Earthquake
 Causes of Flooding...

Monsoon Rain
Global Warming

Deforestation
Causes of Flooding...

Urbanisation increases surface runoff

 Types of Flooding
• Flash Flooding
• River Flooding
• Coastal Flooding
• Urban Flooding
 Flash Flooding
• Caused by heavy and sudden rainfall, flash
flooding happens when the ground cannot absorb the
water as quickly as it falls. This type of flood usually
subsides quickly, but while it lasts can be fast-
moving and dangerous. Flash flooding can be
prevented by good drainage systems and by avoiding
over-development on floodplains.
• The intensity of the rainfall, the location and
distribution of the rainfall, the land use and
topography, vegetation types and growth/density, soil
type, and soil water-content all determine just how
quickly the Flash Flooding may occur, and influence
where it may occur.
• Flash Flooding occurs so quickly that people are
caught off-guard. Their situation may become
dangerous if they encounter high, fast-moving water
while travelling. If people are at their homes or
businesses, the water may rise quickly and trap them,
or cause damage to the property without them having
a chance to protect the property.
 River Flooding
River flooding is one of the most common types of inland flood; occurring when a
body of water exceeds its capacity. When a river ‘bursts its banks’ - typically due
to high rainfall over a prolonged period of time - it can cause considerable damage
to surrounding properties, as well as posing a significant safety threat. To prevent
flooding, rivers needs good defences, especially in flat or populous areas.
 Coastal Flooding
Coastal areas often bear the brunt of severe storms, especially if these
have gathered pace over the oceans. Extreme weather and high tides
can cause a rise in sea levels, sometimes resulting in coastal flooding.
Low-lying seaside areas usually have defences against the water -
whether that’s man-made defences or natural barriers such as sand
dunes. As global warming develops, coastal flooding is expected to
be a recurring and increasingly severe problem.
 Urban Flooding
Urban floods occur when the drainage system in a city or town fails to
absorb the water from heavy rain. The lack of natural drainage in an urban
area can also contribute to flooding. Water flows out into the street, making
driving through it very dangerous. Although water levels can be just a few
inches deep, urban floods can cause significant structural damage.
Flood Control
Flood Prone Zones in India
Natural Disaster - Tsunami
Tsunami - Introduction
Tsunami – Causes...
Tsunami – Causes...
Tsunami – Causes...
Tsunami – Causes...
Tsunami – Causes...
Tsunami – History
Tsunami – Effects...
Tsunami – Effects
Natural Disaster – Mud Flow
Mudflow - Introduction
Mudflow - Causes
Mudflow – Prevention