_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________
COURT AWARENESS __________________________________________
AND CONCERNS. __________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

In t r o d u c t io n :
__________________________________________
The purpose of this module is to educate our
investigator on basic investigative education of our law
enforcement today in the Philippine National Police as __________________________________________
regards in testifying in court is concerns, It abounds in
legal and judicial forms drawn from actual litigations, as
concrete illustrations of factors that have weighed __________________________________________
heavily in the scales of justice and spelled the difference
between success and failure in specific cases. Indeed, the
outcome of a considerable number of suits has hinged on
questions relating to the form or substance of pleadings, __________________________________________
some apparently innocuous or too technical, particularly
for layman, which may account for the feeling of
frustration of many defeated litigants, a number of
whom might have otherwise had substantially __________________________________________
meritorious claims.

__________________________________________

__________________________________________
LEARNING GOAL:
__________________________________________
The purpose of this Module is to
equip the student/investigators with __________________________________________
the knowledge of the law and the
administration of justice, and aid the __________________________________________
prosecution and bring the offender
to the fold of law and see to it that __________________________________________
the justice had been done.
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
__________________________________________
At the end of the course, the __________________________________________
participants will know about the real
processes of court awareness and __________________________________________
court proceedings, such as court
demeanor, cross examination __________________________________________
procedure, court proceedings and
court trial proceedings. __________________________________________

• Preparation of other documentary requirements in filing a

complaint/inquest proceeding until justice has been served. __________________________________________
• Ensure the admissibility of documents needed for
prosecution of the offender. __________________________________________
• Familiarity on the procedural process in filing a criminal
complaint.
• Identification of the different modes of investigation and how __________________________________________
to manage court pressure with respect to the cases being
handled by the investigator in the field.
__________________________________________
• Apply different techniques of laws, procedures and
jurisprudence.
• List several modes of consultation with the prosecutors. __________________________________________
• Train and educate the participants on the program of
instruction subject for CIC in order for them to have a good
understanding the kind of training the students of CIC in
__________________________________________
different regions will be undergoing.
 _________________________________________________________
A. COURT DEMEANOR as
__________________________________________
defined: proper conduct in
court including proper attire, __________________________________________
courteous language,
__________________________________________
obedience to court
proceedings while in the court __________________________________________
room.
__________________________________________

B. CROSS-EXAMINATION as defined: the

interrogation of a witness during a trial hearing, __________________________________________
or taking a deposition, by the party opposed to
the one who produced him, upon his evidence __________________________________________
given in chief, to test its truth, to further
develop it. __________________________________________
Now, the student must know that as a witness of
the prosecution, you are obligated to be cross-
examined if opposing counsel desires. Cross-
__________________________________________
examination typically involves the opposing
attorney attempting to weaken earlier __________________________________________
testimony. Consequently, your testimony may
be attacked on the following arguments: __________________________________________

• Lack of opportunity to know; the witness was not in a

position to see that which he described; __________________________________________
• Mental or sensory deficiencies; the witness may have
had defective or impaired vision or hearing; __________________________________________
• Inattention; the witness was doing something else
before and at the time of the occurrence;
• Faulty memory; the witness can only naturally
__________________________________________
remember better the spectacular, the unusual, the
dramatic but not the ordinary and commonplace; __________________________________________
• Suggestion that the witness may have been influenced
by indirect suggestion from conversations with other
witnesses or a lawyer or even by the principle of crowd __________________________________________
psychology;
• Unsound judgment; the witness may have __________________________________________
overestimated certain distances or measurements.

__________________________________________
C. MOOT/MOCK COURT-PE 3 days
__________________________________________

The students will be __________________________________________

divided in to four (4) groups, with
each group having actual __________________________________________
presentation in moot/mock court
trial of actual cases studied by the __________________________________________
group during their research period.
__________________________________________

• There will be situations in which a law

__________________________________________
enforcement officer must testify in court
regarding his involvement in one
__________________________________________
particular case.
__________________________________________
Appearance and manner. __________________________________________
1. Arrive at court early
2. Dress neatly and appropriately (use __________________________________________
GOA “A”)
3. Be courteous to all court personnel. __________________________________________
D. COURT OBSERVATION – PE 3 days
_________________________________________________________

During the actual court observation, __________________________________________

students will observe how the presiding judge,
the witnesses, the public prosecutors, private
prosecutors, clerk stenographer, police and __________________________________________
BJMP and others do their tasks.
The witnesses should only be asked to __________________________________________
testify on facts relevant to the case. Although
you must answer any question posed by the __________________________________________
examining lawyer (unless told not to by the
judge), you have the following rights as a __________________________________________
witness;

1. To be protected from irrelevant,

improper or insulting questions
__________________________________________
2. Not to be detained longer than
necessary.
__________________________________________
3. To be asked questions only on matters
pertinent to the case. __________________________________________
4. Not to give on answer which will
implicate you in a crime or wrong-doing. __________________________________________
5. Not to give an answer which will
degrade your reputation unless it is an __________________________________________
issue relevant to the case.
__________________________________________

E. DIRECT EXAMINATION __________________________________________

__________________________________________
The important thing
that should be remembered __________________________________________
during the cross-
examination recross- __________________________________________
examination, direct
__________________________________________
examination and redirect
examination, are; __________________________________________

1. Speak clearly and slowly. __________________________________________

2. Listen carefully to the question; answer only what is
asked. __________________________________________
3. If a question cannot be fairly answered with a yes or
no, say so.
__________________________________________
4. If an objection is made, the question should not be
answered; if you have begun to give an answer, stop
immediately. __________________________________________
5. Never lose your temper or allow yourself to become
nervous or agitated. __________________________________________
6. Answer the question in your own words; do not try
to memorize answers ahead of time.
7. Above all, tell the truth.
__________________________________________

THINGS TO BE REMEMBERED BY A WITNESS __________________________________________

1. Master the facts of the case.
2. Read all pertinent documents immediately before the __________________________________________
hearing.
3. Look at the defense counsel and concentrate when she asks
you a question. __________________________________________
4. Direct your answer to the judge.
5. Address counsels as “Sir” or “ma’am” and the judge as
“your Honor”. __________________________________________
6. Do not argue with defense counsel.
7. Give concise and responsive answers.
8. Be confident but not arrogant. __________________________________________
9. Be consistent on major points of your testimony.
10. Do not look at the prosecutor for clues to what you should
answer. __________________________________________
ORDINARY APPEAL OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE-
REMEDY IF THE DECISION IS ADVERSE. _________________________________________________________

a. SC __________________________________________
Rule 45 petition for review
on certiorari on pure question of law __________________________________________
CA
Rule 42 through verified __________________________________________
petition for review
RTC __________________________________________
Notice of appeal with MTC
MTC
__________________________________________

b. SC __________________________________________
Rule 45 petition for
review on certiorari on pure questions of law __________________________________________
to be filed with SC
CA __________________________________________
Notice of appeal (cases
less than D, RP, LI) on questions of fact and of
law or mixed
__________________________________________

RTC (its original jurisdiction) __________________________________________

__________________________________________

Please be reminded that the period

of appeal shall be interrupted by a timely __________________________________________
motion for new trial or motion for
reconsideration. It is ruled that no motion for __________________________________________
extension of time to file motion for new trial
or reconsideration shall allowed
__________________________________________
c. SC
Notice of appeal __________________________________________
CA
Notice of appeal __________________________________________
RTC (if the penalty RP, LI)
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
d. SC
Automatic review __________________________________________
CA
Automatic review, case __________________________________________
forwarded automatically to CA to renders
judgment but refrains from entering __________________________________________
judgment, the case is certified and elevated
to the SC for final review.
__________________________________________
RTC (Death)
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
In Civil cases as well as the criminal case
Question of Law and Question of Facts are
often times raise.
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
e. SC
Rule 45 (pure Question of law
__________________________________________
SB (Sandiganbayan) imposes or
affirms a penalty less than D, RP, LI
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
 QF- issue regarding the truth falsity of the _________________________________________________________
statement of fact
__________________________________________
f. SC
Notice of Appeal __________________________________________
SB (SG 27) tried the case its
exclusive and original jurisdiction where __________________________________________
penalty imposes is RP, LI
__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Henceforth, all case tried by the

ombudsman shall be appealable to CA,
__________________________________________
if the case was administrative if criminal
it is appealable to SC via Rule 45 __________________________________________
petition for review on certiorari.
__________________________________________
g. SC
Automatic review __________________________________________
SB (Sandiganbayan)
exclusive and original jurisdiction if the __________________________________________
penalty imposed death.
__________________________________________

__________________________________________
h. SC
__________________________________________
SB (appellate jurisdiction
and imposed or affirmed penalty) Notice of __________________________________________
Appeal if decision by the RTC is D, RP, LI

__________________________________________
RTC
__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________
i. RTC reverse order of dismissal?.the case will
remand to MTC to conduct appropriate proceedings. __________________________________________
Affirms- if it has jurisdiction, it should try
the case as if it has been originally filed with it. If it
has no jurisdiction the case remains dismissed.
__________________________________________

MTC the MTC tried the case but with out __________________________________________
jurisdiction and it rendered judgment. The Remedy?
Party adversely affected should appeal to the RTC
w/o prejudice to the right of the parties to submit
__________________________________________
additional pleadings or evidence
__________________________________________

SUMMARY: __________________________________________
In this module, the participants/student
investigators have come to know that in legal battles, a
person’s life, right, liberty or property is at stake. The police
investigators and police lawyer are duty-bound to handle __________________________________________
cases with meticulous care. It is common knowledge that
numerous cases which have been meritorious were lost
even before trial commenced, for having been trapped in a
web of technicalities. Some were jeopardized because the
__________________________________________
pleadings or testimonies presented before the court were
short on important details. This training on Criminal
Investigation gives the full benefit of the vast experience __________________________________________
and provides a wealth of information on the investigative
techniques and skills. We fervently hope that this training
module will contribute in some measure to the pursuit of
our vision of educating investigators in the field nationwide __________________________________________
who are competent independent, effective, efficient and
worthy of public trust and
__________________________________________