Why study UCSP?

 Obtain social and political theories, principles, and

various aspect of social and political life

 Critically study the Nature of Humanity

- We need to know more about people.
- Kung saan nanggaling yung tao.
- Ano bang meron sa tao?

 Appreciate that all things in society is interdependent

- relationship between person and material

 Individual Personal History is connected to his/her

environment
- We are in a relationship with society
- Makakaapekto sa atin ang mga problema sa lipunan
- We are connected to the environment

 Man is continuously developing

- Nakakaadapt sa environment
- Hindi lahat ng development ay positive

facts are acquired through

EMPIRICAL PROCESS – through vision and
experimentation
  Observation first
 Suggest, don’t imply (wag pilitin ang tao dahil,)

1. Attain Truth
- Most difficult
- Many people can generate (his/her own) truth
- We can make many truths as we want
- Social construct
- Sometimes we cannot impose other people’s truth

2. Appreciate the complexity and dynamics of social

and political life
- We wont have the same ideas, thinking, and
perspective

“Bakit ba kasi ipinanganak akong Pilipino?”

- Hindi mo masasabing Pilipino ka dahil sa dugo mo
- Na sa identity mo yan, na sa kung ano ginagawa mo
para sa bansa mo

CULTURE
(in order to know yourself, ask questions to know better
do’s? produce? know? use? maturity?)
 Every human being is cultured
- Regardless of the status
- Crucial to human existence
- Interaction to social group

 General Phenomenon
- Characteristic of all human groups
- Can be transmitted from one generation to another
- Can be reflected through behavioral patterns; cannot
be passed through genes but formulated through
social interaction

 Biological
 Referring to biological needs
 We have differences in the way
eat
sleep
protect ourselves
reproduce
nurture

 Dictates what we need

 Sometimes even what we want
 We adapt to suffice our needs

SOCIETY POLITICS
 Sociology Political Science

People (in general) Cities/Governments

Product of human Arise whenever there are

interaction people living together in
associations; kung saan
nabibilang ang tao

Symbolizes the group Involved in conflicts and

within which human can subject to some kind of
live a total common life; power, rulership, authority
not applicable to all, we power; crucial because of
have diff. perspectives control in ppl

French Revolution Industrial Revolution

ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthrops = human Logos = word

- study of humankind whose concentration is on

human and cultural evolution
- learning about the specifics of a human
(material and non-material aspects; logic and moral)

FRENCH AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Thinkers
 August Comte
- Father of Sociology
- Cours de Philosophie (Positive Sociology)
- Focus on methods and intellectual framework of the natural
sciences
- “Science of Man”
- Include other sciences and bring it together
Cultural Anthropology
Psychology
Economics
History
Political Science

How to bring back social order?

 Focus on the frameworks

 Bureaucracy = system to follow

 Hariet Martineau
- deaf
- Theory and practice of society
- Used not only observation
- Research to promote social reform
- Translation of Comte’s work
(mahalaga dahil very crucial and limited resources noon)
 Herbert Spencer
- Society = Living Organism
- Segments/parts of the society ate interdependent to make
specialized contribution (Special Function -> Survival as a
whole)
 - Social Darwinism
- First textbook

 Karl Marx
- Concept of Inequality
- Human Society = History of Class Conflict
- Achieve a classless society

How to bring back social order? – to each according to

his/her needs

Bourgeoisie Proletariat

Control wealth, power and “Dictatorship of the proletariat”

ideas in society

Enforce laws and act against it Violent Revolution

History : Thesis + Anti-Thesis = Synthesis

 Max Weber
- Sociology = study of social action
- Focus on the individual meanings of people
attach to the world around them
- In contrast with Marx
 Emile Durkheim
- First true sociological study
- Rules of Sociological Method
- Society shapes people in every possible way
- Individuals are product of Social Environment
- “Social Factors”

Applications in real life situations

 Functionalism – Hebert Spencer & Emile

Durkheim
- Social System theory, Equilibrium theory, Structural
Functionalism
 - Society as a system of highly interrelated structures or
parts that function or operate together harmoniously
- Contribution of different parts for smooth functioning of the
whole

 Conflict Theory – Karl Marx

- Each individual and group struggles to attain the maximum
benefit
- How to manage? power, wealth, abuse
- Classless society

Social Inequality + Social Conflict = Class Struggle

SOCIAL CHANGE

 The Interactionist Perspective – George

Herbert Mead
- How individual make sense of or interpret the social
world
in which they participate
o Schools or education system
o Family
o Political system
 - Concerned with the meanings that people, place on
their own
and one another’s behavior
Pragmatic Actor – people transmit and receive symbolic
communication when they socially interact

 Exchange Theory – George Homans

- Rewards, Costs, Punishment
- Economic resource(s)
- “Associations”