Project Management

MBA Student at SOM, BML Munjal University, Gurgaon

Submitted to
Prof . Anupam Asthana
SOM, BML Munjal University, Gurgaon

Submitted By :-

NANDAN KHAITAN - 190A3010047

SHIKHAR BAPNA- 190A3010002
ARUSHI JAIN – 19OA3010024
PURBI ACHARYA -19OA3010016
SAURABH SHARMA -19OA3010041

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 PureSoft
Index

Contents Page No.

1) Marketing Brief 3-5

2) Defining the Project 6-9

3) Estimating Project Time / Cost 10

4) Project Planning 11-22

5) Risk Management Process 23-25

6) Resource Scheduling 26-28

7) Reducing Project Duration 29-30

8) Teamwork ( Specification) 31

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 1. Marketing Brief
1) MARKET RESEARCH
The Global Hand Sanitizer Market size was valued at $919 million in 2016 to reach $1,755
million by 2023 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2017 to 2023. Hand
sanitizer is an antiseptic solution, which is used as an alternative to soap and water.

Hand hygiene is the best method of preventing the battle staph infections from patients in
health care sectors. Increasing serenity of use and growing awareness regarding the
prevalence of infectious agents are the factors driving the growth of the hand sanitizer
market. According to this recent research report from Industry ARC, the size of the market is
estimated in between $1,350 million to $1,400 million as of 2018, and the market demand is
projected to grow at a healthy CAGR of 6.5% to 7.5% during the forecast period of 2019 to
2025.

• Availability
Gel hand sanitizer is likely to continue generating maximum revenue growth in hand
sanitizer market as it is easily available across the aisles of various stores, ranging
from general stores to supermarkets. In addition, gel hand sanitizer requires
comparatively lesser time for effectively eradicating germs. However, napkin-based
sanitizer is likely to gain traction in the hand sanitizer market over the forecast period.
Napkin-based sanitizer immediately clings to the hand while applying and is relatively
smaller compared to spray, liquid, gel and other types of hand sanitizer. All these
factors make napkin-based sanitizer a preferable choice for the customers. Less Time
consuming and easily accessible aspects will continue to drive the growth of hand
sanitizer market at an impressive pace.

• Target Segment and Competitors

India hand sanitizer market is segmented based on product type, distribution channel, end
user, region and company. Based on product type, the market is segmented into gel, foam,
spray and others. Out of them, the gel segmented accounted for highest revenue generation
over the last five years and is expected to continue with the same trend during the forecast
period. However, the foam segment is also gaining traction as they easily penetrate in the
skin and offer safety for longer period. Owing to their greater convenience of handling,
napkin-based sanitizers are witnessing a surge in demand.

Based on distribution channel, the hand sanitizer market is segmented into departmental
store, pharmacy store, online channels and others. With the growing number of
departmental stores, especially supermarkets and hypermarkets, the hand sanitizer market
is witnessing a surge in the demand. Increasing internet penetration is also leading
consumers to buy hand sanitizers online, thus contributing to the growth in the hand
sanitizer market. However, departmental store segment continues to dominate the market.

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Major players operating in Indian hand sanitizer market are Reckitt Benckiser (India)
Private Limited, ITC Limited, Dabur India Limited, Hindustan Unilever Limited, The
Himalaya Drug Company, Pristine Care Products Private Limited, Wipro Consumer Care
Limited, Colgate Palmolive (India) Limited, Godrej Consumer Products Limited, Herbal
Strategy and others. Major market players are focusing on expanding their production
capacity and are adopting innovative technologies in order to meet growing consumer
demand.

• Key Target Audience:

1) Hand sanitizer manufacturers and suppliers
2) Government bodies such as regulating authorities and policy makers
3) Organizations, forums and alliances related to hand sanitizers
4) Market research and consulting firms.

The study is useful in providing answers to several critical questions that are important for
the industry stakeholders such as manufacturers, suppliers and partners, end users, etc.,
besides allowing them in strategizing investments and capitalizing on market
opportunities.

• About the product

After seeing the current global situation i.e. pandemic COVID-19 for the period starting from
March 1,2020 till April 31, 2020. Our company is bringing an all-new product in the market,
PureSoft, a Sanitizer based Napkin.
Usefulness of cleaning hands by wiping out germs and infections from Napkins or Sanitizers
alone. Several people use these cleaning tools on a regular basis to keep their hands germ-free
before and after eating and while using the restrooms. Due to the immense popularity of these
cleaning gears, many businesses have also started using them as marketing tools to spread
brand awareness among their customers.

As this product has certain enormous qualities that are, they can be used as a sanitizer as well
as a normal napkin. You are thinking how? So, let me tell you.

This product is basically a Napkin in which small sash of liquid present that is actually
sanitizers so when you take out a napkin from a packet and when you press in between your
hand the sanitizer will come out of it and disinfect your hand which is an all-new two-in-one
technology we are coming up with.

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• Marketing cost
The use of roadside hoardings, TV ads, and pamphlets etc. cannot bring quick results and
wins the trust of people at a modest level. Using hand sanitizer promotional items for
promoting a business is a fresh and different approach that can allure the maximum number
of consumers and can leave a good impression on the audience. We can use these products to
distribute as free giveaways along with customization of sanitizer bottles with our brand
name and logo. As our product is a daily use product, the best way to promote is to promote it
by giving free give away as that does not lead much cost to company as compared to the
traditional based marketing as they cost really high. As in this pandemic situation our
company can distribute many of its sample for free to create a brand image in the mind of
people (TOMA) Top of the Mind Allocation.

• Market Value
As seeing the current market situation, the market value of our product is really very high as
because the demand is outweighing the supply.

• Market Forecast
As the demand has nearly been shouted around 20% that is high. So, keeping in mind this
much of a demand with respect to the price of the product will cost us around Rs 99/- Per
Box. Because there is so much demand at this time the company needs to put additional
labour and that leads to increase in cost of the product from Rs 70/- to Rs 99/- per box. As a
result, our sales will also increase. And, keeping in mind all the above aspects our sales will
increase from 100 million boxes to around 120 million boxes annually.

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 2. Defining the Project
1) Project Scope

• Project objective - Being a part of one of the largest FMCG company which deals in
Liquid Soaps and sanitizers, we are asked to develop a Sanitizer based Napkin seeing
the current pandemic around the globe.
• Deliverables – The first phase is the designing and development phase. Then the
second phase is to implement the designing and development into manufacturing of
the product. The final phase would be to test the product contain and usage with the
standards.
• Milestones- Our entire project is planned for a period of 2 months, in which our
short-term goal would be to focus on the current pandemic and in long term we aim
to capture the entire Indian market.
All the departments will be working simultaneously to deliver the product at the
earliest.
• Limits and exclusions – Five department heads who will be taking care of the entire
project, only trained personnel will be involved, no training will be provided. Time
duration is limited to 2 months so work will be done simultaneously, testing and
performance check will be done after each process itself.

• Initially, for our project, we have allotted a sum of 5.5 billion rupees which would
consist of the initial process evaluation and implementation along with all the major
manufacturing and designing process which can fulfil the National demand of 1
year(short term).

2) Project Priorities

Time Performance Cost

Constrain

Enhance

Accept

• Constrain - The original parameter is fixed. The project must meet the
completion date, specifications and scope of the project, or budget. So ,we fix the
Time.

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 • Enhance - Given the scope of the project, with regards to performance, enhancing
means adding value to the project. Thus, we aim to improve the project
performance from Short term to Long term.

• Accept- When trade-offs have to be made, it is not permissible for the schedule to
slip or to reduce the scope and performance of the project, so we would not mind
going over budget as we have already included the budget buffer.

3) Work Breakdown Structure

Work Breakdown Structure

Level -1 Sanitizer based Napkin

Level -2 Sanitizer Napkin

Level -3 Alcohol Glycerine Paper Roll Wood Pulp

4) Responsibility Matrix

Responsibility Matrix
Project Team
Tasks Nandan Saurabh Arushi Sikhar Purbi
Market Research S R
Defining the Project R
Estimating Time/ Cost S R
Design & Development S R
Manufacturing S R
Risk Management R S S
Resource Scheduling S R
Reducing Project Duration R R S
Reducing Project Cost S R
Responsible -R
Support/ Assist - S

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5) Project Communication Plan

1) Stakeholder Analysis – Major Stakeholders of the project are :

1. The Company Head. ( Top Management)
2. Project Team
3. Project Financial Department.
4. Customers.
5. Government of India.

2) Information needs – The information required by the stakeholders are :

1. The Company Head ( Top Management ) - The top management needs to
know how the project is progressing, whether it is encountering critical
problems, and the extent to which project goals are being realized. This
information is required so that they can make strategic decisions and manage
the portfolio of projects.
2. Project Team - Project team members need to see schedules, task lists,
specifications, and the updated status, so that they know what needs to be
done next.
3. Project Financial Department - They need to know if there are any changes in the
schedule and performance requirements of the components, they are providing.
4. Customers – They need to know if there are any changes in the project deliverables,
if the project status is same as expected, if the quality is as per the standards.
5. Government of India – They need to know if the project is progressing under the
rules and regulations provided, if the project is following the safety law of the
citizens and the environment, if the project is working for the best interest of the
public and all its stakeholders.

3) Sources of information - Information relating to the milestone report, team meetings,

and project status meetings would be found in the minutes and reports of various
groups.
Quality Standard report, government rules and regulations report will be found with
the engineering department WBS.
4) Dissemination modes - In today’s world, traditional status report meetings are being
supplemented by e-mail, teleconferencing, Lotus Notes, SharePoint, and a variety of
database sharing programs to circulate information. Many companies are using the
Web to create a “virtual project office” to store project information.
For PureSoft , we will be sharing all the information in the Project cloud, which will
be assessible by only the project team, and the information will be transmitted only on
the permission of the Project Manager.
5) Responsibility and timing – Since the project is for a short duration of two months only,
every day at the end of the day, all the department heads will be responsible to share the
progress report for each day to the Project Manager. And the Project Manager will be
responsible to share the cumulative progress report every week to the Project Office, from
where all the information will be circulated and collected by the respective stakeholders.

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6) Project Team Structure

Project Team Structure

Responsible for sucessful initiation, planning,design,execution,monitoring,controlling and closure of the
Project Manager
project. Looking after each department and ensuring the work is done parallely at minimum duration and
Nandan Khaitan managing all constraints as required by the project.

Finance Department Resposible for all financial know-how, from initial cost to product launch. Ensures minimal cost and reduction
Purbi Acharya of the cost.

Design & Development Resposible for all the design and development process from manufacturing & production,optimum utilization
Saurabh Sharma of resources, time constraints and maintaining the standard of the products.

Resource Management Responsible for Resource Scheduling, in which she ensures that the resources are procured at a minimal cost
Arushi Jain and that best quality resources are used optimally.

Market Research Responsible for Market Research, cost incured for Marketing, estimating the Market Value , and Forecasting
Shikhar Bapna the demand and supply of the final product.

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 3. Estimating Project Time / Cost

Based on the report from all the other department the estimated time for the
project is 2 months and the cost estimated is 5.5 billion rupees.

For details please refer to the details from below.

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 4. Project Planning

Design & Development

MATERIALS REQUIRED (SMALL VOLUME PRODUCTION)
1. REAGENTS FOR FORMULATION: SANITISER

• Isopropyl or Rubbing Alcohol 96%

• Hydrogen peroxide 3%
• Glycerol 98%
• Sterile distilled or boiled cold water

1. 2. 3. 4

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11.

ILLUSTRATIONS:
• 10-litre glass or plastic bottles with screw-threaded stoppers (1) or
• 50-litre plastic tanks (preferably in polypropylene or high density
polyethylene, translucent to see the liquid level) (2), or
• Stainless steel tanks with a capacity of 80–100 litres
(for mixing without overflowing) (3 ,4)
• Wooden, plastic or metal paddles for mixing (5)
• Measuring cylinders and measuring jugs (6 ,7)
• Plastic or metal funnel
• 100 ml plastic bottles with leak-proof tops (8)
• 500 ml glass or plastic bottles with screw tops (8)
• An alcoholometer: the temperature scale is at the bottom and the ethanol concentration
(percentage v/v) at the top (9,10,11)

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NOTE:
• Glycerol: used as humectant, but other emollients may be used for skin care, if they are
cheap, widely available and miscible in water and alcohol and do not add to toxicity or
promote allergy.

• Hydrogen peroxide: used to inactivate contaminating bacterial spores in the solution and is
not an active substance for hand antisepsis.

• Any further additive to both formulations should be clearly labelled and be non-toxic in
case of accidental ingestion.

• A colorant may be added to allow differentiation from other fluids, but should not add to
toxicity, promote allergy, or interfere with antimicrobial properties. The addition of perfumes
or dyes is
not recommended due to risk of allergic reactions.

STEP BY STEP PREPARATION:

1. The alcohol for the formula to be used is poured into the large bottle or tank up to the
graduated mark.
2. Hydrogen peroxide is added using the measuring cylinder.
3. Glycerol is added using a measuring cylinder. As glycerol is very viscous and sticks to
the wall of the measuring cylinder, it should be rinsed with some sterile distilled or cold
boiled water and then emptied into the bottle/tank.
4. The bottle/tank is then topped up to the 10-litre mark with sterile distilled or cold boiled
water.
5. The lid or the screw cap is placed on the tank/bottle as soon as possible after preparation,
in order to prevent evaporation.
6. The solution is mixed by shaking gently where appropriate or by using a paddle.
7. Immediately divide up the solution into its final containers (e.g. 500- or 100-ml plastic
bottles) and place the bottles in quarantine for 72 hours before use. This allows time
for any spores present in the alcohol or the new/re-used bottles to be destroyed.

General information:
Labelling should be in accordance with national guidelines and should include the following:
• Name of institution
• WHO-recommended hand rub formulation
• For external use only
• Avoid contact with eyes
• Keep out of the reach of children
• Date of production and batch number
• Use: Apply a palmful of alcohol-based hand rub and cover all surfaces
of the hands. Rub hands until dry
• Composition: ethanol or isopropanol, glycerol and hydrogen peroxide
• Flammable: keep away from flame and heat

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 Procurement of components: key learning from around the world
(based on feedback from the field)
Ethanol: Easier to procure from local suppliers due to cost in some countries.
Can be derived from sugar cane or wheat.
Subject to licensing restrictions and strict record-keeping – an important consideration
prior to embarking on production.
Isopropyl: Easier to procure in some countries.
Glycerol: Produced by local suppliers in most cases.
Hydrogen peroxide: Difficulties sourcing satisfactory H2O2 resulted in the need to import in
five sites.

Quality Control:
If concentrated alcohol is obtained from local production, verify the alcohol concentration
and make the necessary adjustments in volume to obtain the final recommended
concentration.
An alcoholmeter can be used to control the alcohol concentration of the final use solution.
H2O2 concentration can be measured by titrimetric (oxide-reduction reaction by iodine in
acidic conditions).
A higher-level quality control can be performed using gas chromatography and the titrimetric
method to control the alcohol and the hydrogen peroxide content, respectively.
Moreover, the absence of microbial contamination (including spores) can be checked by
filtration, according to the European Pharmacopeia specifications.

Safety Standards
About skin reactions, hand rubbing with alcohol-based solutions is better tolerated than
handwashing with soap and water. In a recent study conducted among ICU health-care
workers, the short-term skin tolerability and acceptability of WHO-recommended hand rub
formulations were significantly higher than those of a reference product.
Any additive should be as non-toxic as possible in case of accidental or intentional ingestion.

General Safety Issues:

The main safety issues relate to the flammability of alcohol-based handrubs and the adverse
effects associated with accidental or deliberate ingestion. These are summarised in the
summary table of risks and mitigation measures concerning the use of alcohol-based
hand hygiene preparations.

2. TISSUE PAPER MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

The Tissue paper manufacturing process starts by creating a paper. There are 2 kinds of
manufacturing processes for toilet / tissue paper.
• Made with virgin paper products.
• Made from recycled paper.

Not all types of trees are used to manufacture tissue paper. Generally, it is made from
“virgin” paper, which is a combination of softwood (approx. 30%) and hardwood trees
(approx. 70%).
In the final product, to achieve durability in the tissue paper, water, chemicals and bleaches
are added.

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 1. To prepare it, softwood and hardwood trees are stripped of their bark with machines,
leaving as much wood as possible.
2. The bare logs are then passed through machines to cut it into smaller pieces and then
carefully separated into batches.
3. The wood chip batches are then cooked in a mixture of chemicals for a few hours.
4. 0The wood moisture is then evaporated and the mass is reduced to cellulose fibres,
lignin (adhesive that binds fibres together) and other substances. The result is usable
fibre, called pulp. The pulp is what paper is made from.
5. The lignin and the cooking chemicals are then washed out of the pulp.
6. The washed pulp is then bleached until all the colour is removed. The lignin must be
removed from the pulp or the paper will become yellow over time.
7. The pulp is mixed with a lot of water to produce paper stock, which is sprayed onto
screens of mesh to drain the water.
8. The paper is then pressed, dried, scraped off with metal blades, wound around jumbo
reels and then moved to machines that cut it into long strips and perforate it into
squares.
9. Finally, the paper logs are cut into desired forms and wrapped we got tissue paper
packages. Voila!

Making Tissue paper from recycled materials

1. Wastepaper is collected, sorted and brought to the paper plant mill, where it is mixed
with water and chemicals, then pulped, filtered, refined and turned into pulp.
2. The treated pulp comes out of the paper mill on a jumbo roll, which is then
transported to a converting tissue plant where it will be converted into the final
product (i.e. toilet rolls / tissue paper).
3. The tissue paper is then embossed, perforated and transferred as per the correct sheet
count.
4. The long tissue paper logs are then fed to the band saw which automatically cuts the
tissue paper logs to the correct size, ready to be packed.
5. It is then fed into the various wrapping machines and shipped to the various retailers.

The process flows of tissue paper manufactured from virgin pulp and the system boundaries
that cover the tissue paper production is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The tissue paper production has two basic units: the stock preparation and the paper making
process in the paper machine.
The stock preparation consists of the following stages: fibre slushing, the removal of
impurities, fibre refining. Finally, the pulp is fed to a paper machine where it is formed and
most its properties are determined.

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 Fig. 1. Process flows of tissue paper production from virgin pulp.

Fig. 2. Process flows of tissue paper production from recycled wastepaper.

Inventory analysis
Life cycle inventory (LCI) covers the collection and quantification of inputs and outputs for a
given
product or process system throughout its life cycle. Consequently, data collection is carried
out in order to draw up a comprehensive balance of the energy, materials and chemicals taken
from the environment that enter the system and that leave the system as emissions to the
environment.

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A summary inventory of environmental flows of the system of tissue paper production
covers: virgin pulp or wastepaper pulp, water, electricity, heat, resin, starch and dyes (as
inputs), and air emissions, water emissions and solid waste (as outputs). (see Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. The general scheme of inventory analysis of tissue paper mill.

All the data refer to the defined functional unit that is 1 ton of tissue paper. The primary
source of data was the report on “The Best Available Techniques (BAT). Guidelines for the
Pulp and Paper Industry” since most Polish paper mills producing tissue paper fulfil the
environmental requirements.

Fig. 4. The process tree for the tissue paper production from virgin pulp.

Fig. 5. The process tree for the tissue paper production from recycled wastepaper.

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Corresponding the data inventory, four inputs were identified that have the greatest
environmental load during the tissue paper production from wastepaper. These are electricity,
heat, resin and starch (see Fig. 5). They constitute 92.08% of environmental impacts of all
materials and substances used during the manufacturing process of the tissue paper from
wastepaper.
Out of these four inputs, electricity consumption accounts for 73.3% and thus has the largest
contribution in the environmental impacts.

Fig. 6. Characterization of the tissue paper production from virgin pulp.

Considering the environmental impact of individual input factors, it is evident that the
electricity dominates some impact categories, for instance human toxicity, freshwater
eutrophication, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, while virgin pulp dominates others, mostly
urban and agricultural land occupation, terrestrial ecotoxicity (see Fig. 6).

Similar trend occurs when the contribution of energy in the individual impact categories is
considered (see Fig. 7). Consequently, in all categories, despite
ozone depletion, the electricity has the largest share.
In the case of the following impact categories: human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication,
freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, urban land occupation and
natural land transformation, the share of electricity exceeds 90%.

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 Fig. 7. Characterization of the tissue paper production from recycled wastepaper.

The production of tissue paper from recycled wastepaper requires large quantities of
electricity
for driving the machinery (approximately one third is consumed during thickening and
dispersion) and wastewater treatment. At the same time, a considerable amount of steam is
used for heating of water, pulp, air and chemicals to the demanded process temperature and
for drying the paper.
To meet the need for electricity and steam, the tissue paper mills either buy electricity from
the public grid and generate heat internally or apply co-generated heat and power installations
(CHP). The second solution is far more environmentally friendly, due to its high total yield,
up to 80%.

Both the tissue paper production from virgin pulp and from recycled wastepaper are the
greatest
contributors to the following midpoint environmental impact categories: human toxicity,
climate change human health and ecosystems, and fossil depletion, which constitute 49.85%,
15.85% and 12.65%, and 12.35% on average, respectively (Table 1).

Tissue paper manufacturing from virgin pulp

is more environmentally intensive than from
recycle wastepaper in all endpoint impact
categories: human health, ecosystems and
resources.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of tissue paper
manufacturing proved that using recycled
wastepaper instead of virgin pulp is beneficial
from the environmental point of view.
SEE (FIG 8)

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 Fig. 8. Environmental impact assessment of tissue paper
production in the endpoint impact categories.

3. NAPKIN WIPES MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

A wet laid process is typically used for softer cloths, like diaper wipes, that use cotton
blends. In this wet process, the fibres are made into liquid slurries with water and other
chemicals. The resultant paste is pressed into flat sheets by rollers and then dried to form long
rolls of fabric.
Ninety percent of wet wipes on the market are produced from nonwoven fabrics made
of polyester or polypropylene. The material is moistened with water or other liquids (e.g.,
isopropyl alcohol) depending on the applications

After demineralizing and sterilizing the water the formula for the specific application will be
prepared. The special treating of the water is necessary to keep the content completely free
from bacterial.

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 The active solution will be transported to the machine where the tissue material will be
completely
impregnated. The wet tissues are folded and cut automatically.

Hereafter the tissues go to the belt where they are flow packed. Each production run gets a
code for reasons of traceability. The complete production process takes place in a sterilized
and air-controlled environment.

Quality control is done finally of each individual pack leading to a colourful final product.
DESIRED PROPERTIES:
• Various fibrous structures have been used in the past as substrates for wet wipes. For
example, fibrous structures comprising a mixture of pulp and regenerated cellulose fibers,
such as rayon and/or lyocell, with or without binding fibers, such as polypropylene/polyester
bicomponent fibers, are known to be used as substrates for wet wipes.
• Further, fibrous structures comprising 100% pulp fibers are also known to be used as
substrates for wet wipes. Still further yet, fibrous structures comprising 100% polypropylene
fibers are known to be used as substrates.
• One important property that consumers desire is that wet wipes must be strong enough to
maintain integrity during use, which is oftentimes 28 days or greater from the time the wet
wipe is produced. In order to maintain integrity during use, known wet wipes utilize various
technologies.

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• For example, some wet wipes achieve strength by using thermoplastic polymers, such as
polypropylene, to form the filaments/fibers of their fibrous structures and then optionally,
thermal bonding the fibrous structures.
• Another important property that consumers desire is that the wet wipes need to be dispersible
in order for the consumers to dispose of by flushing in a toilet and into a sewer system, such
as a publics sewer system, and/or a septic system without creating clogging issues. In order to
achieve dispersibility, known wet wipes have utilized wet strength technologies such as those
described above that may be triggered by some condition that causes the wet wipe to break
apart into smaller pieces.

Packaging components:
Packaging used in baby wipes must keep the cloths free from contamination yet allow for
easy dispensing. The package must also prevent the towelettes from drying out. Thermo-
moulded plastic tubs are the packaging choice for most manufacturers. One common design
features a hinged lid that allows easy access to the towelettes. These tubs are produced on
injection Moulding equipment by pumping molten polyethylene plastic into a two-part
mould. Pressure is applied to the mould externally until the plastic cools. When the mould is
opened, the plastic tub is ejected and stored until ready for filling.

Packaging operations
7 The finished cloths are automatically folded, stacked, and transferred to their final package.
In one patented method employed by Rockline Inc. of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, the towelettes
are folded and stacked so that they can easily be removed one at a time and then the stack is
placed in an inner plastic pack. This inner pack is subsequently inserted into an outer tub with
a hinged cover.

Individual Sachets Soft Flow pack - Soft Flow pack -

Want to create Plastic Lid Resealable Label Canisters
wipes for on the This is the perfect, go This is the perfect, Our canisters are
go? Individual to packaging that is go to packaging perfect for car
Sachets are suitable for a variety that is suitable for wipes, disinfecting
perfect for of wipes. Perfect for a variety of wipes. wipes, furniture
antibacterial makeup wipes, baby Perfect for wipes and more.
wipes, lens wipes wipes and more. makeup wipes,
and more. baby wipes and
more.

Quality Control
Each component used in baby wipes must pass a series of quality check points during the
manufacturing process. The plastic packaging must be free from mould defects that could

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 cause leakage or improper closure. The non-woven fabric must be uniformly formed and
must meet specific tear-strength requirements.
Furthermore, prior to manufacture, the cleansing solution must be thoroughly tested.
Development chemists evaluate the product to ensure that it is shelf stable and will not
undergo any undesirable chemical reactions. They must also test the formula to ensure that it
satisfies the requirements for mildness.
Before ingredients are added to the batch tank, they are assayed to ensure they conform to all
relevant specifications. During manufacture, each ingredient is check weighed before it is
added to the batch. Then final batch is tested again for basic specifications such as pH,
viscosity, and microbial content.

Efficacy
It is the consensus opinion of a WHO expert group that WHO recommended hand rub
formulations can be used both for hygienic hand antisepsis and for presurgical hand
preparation.

Activity Based Structure

5 min A 1 min B1 3 min C 2 min F

The tank is then
Mix the rubbing The lid or the screw cap is placed The solution is mixed
topped up to the 10-
alcohol, aloe vera litre mark with sterile
on the tank/bottle as soon as by shaking gently
and optional possible after preparation, in where appropriate or
distilled or cold boiled
order to prevent evaporation. by using a paddle.
essential oil water.

4 min G
3 min A1 3 min C1 2 min
The active solution
WASTE PAPER Forming,
will be transported to
COLLECTION treated pulp comes Draining 1 min E the machine where
2 min B2 out of the paper mill D1 Non-Woven Tissue the tissue material
COLLECTION OF on a jumbo roll will be completely
mixed with water Napkin
RESOURCE FOR impregnated. The
CLUBBING SANITISER and chemicals then
wet tissue Napkins
INTO SANITISING TISSUE pulped are folded and cut
NAPKINS embossed, Pressing , automatically.
A2 Dying
perforated and
WASTE PAPER 3 min
transferred as per
SORTING D2
the correct sheet
5 min
count.
3 min C2

Fig shows the Activity Based Structure for manufacturing of 100 pcs of Sanitising based Napkins

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRECEDING ACTIVITY ACTIVITY TIME

1.A ALCOHOL SETTING NONE 5 MIN
2.A1 PAPER COLLECTION NONE 3 MIN
3.A2 PAPER SORTING NONE 5 MIN
4. B1 DISTILLED WATER STERILE A 1 MIN
5. B2 CHEMICALS MIXING A1, A2 2 MIN
6. C LID PLACING B1 3 MIN
7.C1 PAPER MILL B2 3 MIN
8.C2 EMBOSSING, PERFORMING B2 3 MIN
9.D1 FORMING, DRAINING C1 2 MIN
10.D2 PRESSING, DYING C2 3 MIN
11.E NON-WOVEN TISSUE D1, D2 1 MIN
NAPKIN
12.F MIXING SOLUTION C 2 MIN
13.G CUTTING INTO PIECES F, E 4 MIN

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Therefore, Total time needed to complete all the Activities to manufacture 100 set of Sanitising
Napkins is 19 MINUTES.

5. Risk Management Process

1) Risk Identification

Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)

Project

Technical External Organizational

Technology Suppliers Project Dependence

Interfaces Regulatory Resources

Performance Market Funding

Quality Customer Prioritization

2) Risk Assessment
• Scenario Analysis

Technology Suppliers Project Dependence

Outdated Technology Not enough suppliers of Raw Materials Delay due to other projects
Interfaces Regulatory Resources
Govt. regulations are against the Non availablity of raw materials during
Poor Interface
product ingredients crisis
Performance Market Funding
Irregular Performance Unusual demand/supply Investment issues
Quality Customer Prioritization
Poor Quality, not according to Non acceptability of the product by Due to the crisis, other projects are given
the standards the customers preferences

• Risk Severity Matrix

If we see below, we can observe that the cells in Orange show Severe Impact, cells in
Yellow show Moderate Risk , cells in light Green show mild or no impact.

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 Now, seeing the current market situation, i.e. pandemic, the market demand and
supply is fluctuating very fast and thus the demand of the market is shown as the
most severe impact. Even the resources show severe impact of risk as the current
situation might cause problem in procurement and delivery of the raw materials.
Unavailability of Labour can be the biggest problem for the project.

Risk Severity Matrix

Unavailability
5 of Labour

4 Funding Resources

Project
Likelihood 3 Dependence
Regulatory Customer Market

2 Suppliers

1 Technology

1 2 3 4 5

Impact

3) Risk Response Development

• Mitigating Risk - Reducing risk is usually the first alternative considered, thus our
biggest concern, unavailability of labour and raw materials can be mitigated by
procuring material in advance and labour force can be made available through
government permission and with strict hygiene factors.
• Avoiding Risk – Risks like delay due to dependence on other projects can be
avoided by proper planning.
• Retaining Risk – Technology risk which can cause minimal impact can be retained
as technology is not a major tool for Napkin Sanitizer.

4) Contingency Planning
Once the team has identified the risks, the next step is to quantify them. The purpose of risk
quantification is to determine which risks would be most detrimental to the project should
they occur. The next step after quantification entails addressing these risks. We have created
a contingency plan within the cost limits.

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Activity Budget Budget Reserve Project Budget
Line(Billions)
Research 20 2 22
Design 170 20 190
Marketing 135 7 142
Production CD 300 90 390
Total 744.

• We decided to build the Contingency fund estimation. This was decided within the
funds we were left with.

• One might conclude that since neither contingency plan presented was implemented,
there may be no need to develop them; however, this is not true. A contingency plan
is executed when the risk presents itself. The purpose of the plan is to lessen the
damage of the risk when it occurs.

• Due to the timing when a contingency need to be implemented, contingency planning

is a necessity in today's project management world.

5) Risk Response Control

Risk Response Matrix

Contingency Who is
Risk Event Response Trigger
Plan Resposible
Not solved
Unavailability Govt.
of Labour
Mitigate within 2 Arushi
Permission days
Not solved
Resources Mitigate Stocking within 2 Arushi
days
Not solved
Market
Customer Mitigate within 24 Shikhar
Research hours
Not solved
Market
Market Avoiding within 24 Shikhar
Research hours
Not solved
Enough
Suppliers Mitigate within 24 Saurabh
sources hours
Prior Govt.
Regulatory Mitigate Instant Purbi
permission

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 6. Resource Scheduling
1) Items required to manufacture Napkin Based Sanitizer:

1) Napkin: Raw materials like air laid paper or wood pulp, Tissue with SAP, PE films,
glues and release papers are used for making napkins. Although producers are
generally reluctant to reveal the exact composition of their products, the
main materials are usually bleached rayon (cellulose made from wood pulp), cotton
and plastics. In addition, fragrance and antibacterial agents can be included.
RAW MATERIALS (PER MONTH)

S.NO PARTICULARS QUANTITY(TONNE) VALUE (RS)

1 Tissue paper 21 12.5 700000
gsm
2 Inks &other L.S 1000
consumables
3 Packaging material L.S 3000
TOTAL 713000

2) Sanitizer : Ingredients required to make sanitizer are:

• isopropyl or rubbing alcohol (99 percent alcohol volume)
• aloe vera gel
• an essential oil, such as tea tree oil or lavender oil, or you can use lemon juice instead

The key to making an effective, germ-busting hand sanitizer is to stick to a 2:1 proportion of
alcohol to aloe vera. This keeps the alcohol content around 60 percent.

3) Tissue paper: materials required for tissue paper making are - Jumbo Reel Winding
Machine, Bandsaw cutter, Cutting Machine, Core Gluing Machine, Perforating unit,
Embossing unit, Core paper and jumbo reels are the main raw materials used in tissue
papers manufacturing. Apart from core paper and jumbo reels, the raw material used
for tissue paper making are wrapping paper, glue, and cellophane.
2) Features of our napkin sanitizer:

1) Soft enough to use even on the most sensitive mouth.

2) The most absorbent & disposable napkin on the market. Sturdy packaging allows for easy
storage and dispensing.
3) Much more eco-friendly than washing and drying cloth napkins or using multiple 2-ply
napkins.
4) The average size of these napkins will be 16 inches by 16 inches. It will be a square
shaped napkin.

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 These are the go-to napkins you'll use for any meal whether you are having a dinner party,
a few good friends over or just a family dinner at home and can be safe at the same time
from disastrous viruses or bacteria.

3) Following question needs to be addressed:

Question 1. Will the assigned labour and/or equipment be adequate and available to deal
with my project?
Ans. Yes so far, the labour and the equipment we have thought of will be adequate and if
anything is required, we will take necessary step to arrange for them.
Question 2. Will outside contractors have to be used?
Ans. No outside contractors will not be required.
Question 3. How much flexibility do we have in using resources?
Ans. We do have full flexibility in utilising resources as there are few resource constraints.
4) RESOUCE CONSTRAINTS

The resource constraint requires the activities be performed in sequence or series. For our
product to be develop, there are three key activities and that are planning, conversion of
sanitizer into bubbles and then combining these bubbles with napkin. The absence or shortage
of resources can drastically alter technical constraints. A project network planner may assume
adequate resources and show activities occurring in parallel. Resource managers must be
careful to schedule resources to ensure availability in the right quantities and at the right time.

PLAN

Coversion of
Sanitizer into
bubbles

Combining
these bubbles
with napkin

There are different types of resource constraints while starting a business and that too
depends largely on the type of business one is dealing with. For our project following kind of
constraint can be there:

People: We are total of 5 people who will be working for this project and we have assigned
the positions of each of the people who are working towards it to systematically cover each

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and every activity and also to go forward with specialization of work. However, some skills
are interchangeable.

Materials: Material availability and shortages have been blamed for the delay of many
projects. The main ingredient for napkin sanitizer will be alcohol and paper pulp. Our paper
napkin will be thick, absorbent and soft which will be a set up from 2 or 3 ply paper napkin.
The constitution of alcohol will be 60 percent. So, we need to take care of these two raw
materials the most. However, the major constraint will be that the government has instructed
that a 200 ml bottle of sanitizer cannot be priced more than 100 Rs and also the minimum
constitution of alcohol needed to kill the virus should be more 60 percent. So, we must
arrange for that.

Time: As per the current situation in the country, the more early we will manufacture this
product the better it will be for the health and safety of the people of our country. So, we are
considering maximum two months’ time frame to complete this project.

5) RESOURCE SCHEDULING PROBLEM

After staff and other resources were assigned to the project. Following question still need to
be addressed.
• Do unforeseen resource dependencies exist? Is there a new critical path?
• How much flexibility do we have in using resources?
• Is the original deadline realistic?
The Resource Manager should have a good understanding of the problems she is facing. Any
project scheduling system should facilitate finding quick, easy answers to these questions.

RESOURCE
NETWORK AND
SCHEDULLING

SCOPE MASTER PLAN

RISK
Resource Planning Process

On the other hand, if resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the late start of some
activities must be delayed, and the duration of the project may be increased. This process is
called resource-constrained scheduling. So, we will try to arrange for all the resources which
are required for our project in advance so that we will not find any lack in there.

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 7. Reducing Project Duration
1) Reducing Time
• Total time needed to complete all the Activities to manufacture 100 set of Sanitising
Napkins is 19 MINUTES
• But if we can club some time-consuming activities parallelly, we can save time to
produce the current quantity of Sanitizer based Napkins, which will improve our
efficiency.

Reducing Time Method:

5 min A 3 min C
Mix the rubbing The lid or the screw cap is placed
alcohol, aloe vera on the tank/bottle as soon as
and optional possible after preparation, in
order to prevent evaporation.
essential oil

3 min A1 3 min C1 2 min 4 min E

WASTE PAPER Forming,
COLLECTION treated pulp comes Draining The solution is mixed by using a
paddle and we obtain Non-Woven
1 min B out of the paper mill D1
COLLECTION OF Tissue Napkin.The active solution will
on a jumbo roll
RESOURCE FOR sterile distilled or be transported to the machine where
CLUBBING SANITISER cold boiled water the tissue material will be completely
INTO SANITISING TISSUE mixed with impregnated. The wet tissue Napkins
Pressing , are folded and cut automatically.
NAPKINS chemicals then embossed,
A2 Dying
pulped perforated and
WASTE PAPER 3 min
transferred as per
SORTING D2
the correct sheet
5 min
count.
3 min C2

Fig shows the Activity Based Structure for manufacturing of 100 pcs of Sanitising Wet Napkins in
Reducing Time Method

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRECEDING ACTIVITY ACTIVITY TIME

1.A ALCOHOL SETTING NONE 5 MIN
2.A1 PAPER COLLECTION NONE 3 MIN
3.A2 PAPER SORTING NONE 5 MIN
4. B STERILE WATER AND A, A1, A2 1 MIN
CHEMICAL MIXING
5. C LID PLACING B 3 MIN
6. C1 PAPER MILL INTO ROLL B 3 MIN
7. C2 EMBOSSING, PERFORMING B 3 MIN
8. D1 FORMING, DRAINING C1 2 MIN
9. D2 PRESSING, DYING C2 3 MIN
10. E FINAL CLUB AND CUTTING C, D1, D2 4 MIN
INTO PIECES

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 Using Reducing-Time method, we can complete our same amount of production in 16
minutes which is very less as compared to previous on a large-scale production.
As of now, we can build 100 set of Sanitizer based Napkins in just 16 mins.

2) Reducing Cost
• We can reduce our cost by reducing Fixed Expense by Negotiating with Contractors.
This will bring down the cost of Packaging , Skillets, Cartons and many more.
• Our Marketing cost may be the scope for us to cost. If we choose to spend more on
Social Media Platforms and Government, can cut the cost in direct marketing.
• By installing more machines and reducing labour Worker’s wages.
• Our Sampling Size needs to be controlled. We can choose Governmental Platforms to
create awareness. It will a fast and better reach to our customers.
• The Designs can always be improved.

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Teamwork ( Detailed Specification)
Nandan Khaitan (Project Manager) – 19OA3010047
1. Defining the Project – Done individually. Pg No. (6-9)
2. Risk Management Process – Done Individually. Pg No. (23-25)
3. Reducing Project Duration - With assistance of Purbi and Saurabh. Pg No. (29-30)

Responsible for successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling

and closure of the project. Looking after each department and ensuring the work is done
parallelly at minimum duration and managing all constraints as required by the project.
Responsible for all the Formatting and editing too.

Arushi Jain ( Resource Department) – 19OA3010024

1. Resource Scheduling – Done Individually. Pg No. (26-28)

Responsible for Resource Scheduling, in which she ensures that the resources are
procured at a minimal cost and that best quality resources are used optimally.

Saurabh Sharma ( Design & Development) – 19OA3010041

1. Project Planning – Done Individually. Pg No. (11-22)
2. Reducing Project Duration – Done with assistance of Purbi & Nandan. Pg No. (29-30)

Responsible for all the design and development process from manufacturing &
production, optimum utilization of resources, time constraints and maintaining the
standard of the products.

Shikhar Bapna ( Marketing Department) – 19OA3010002

1. Marketing Brief – Done Individually. Pg No. (3-5)

Responsible for Market Research, cost incurred for Marketing, estimating the Market
Value , and Forecasting the demand and supply of the final product.

Purbi Acharya ( Finance Department) – 19OA3010016

1. Estimating Project Time / Cost – Done Individually. Pg No. (10)
2. Reducing Project Cost – Done with assistance of Saurabh & Nandan. Pg No. (29-30)

Responsible for all financial know-how, from initial cost to product launch. Ensures
minimal cost and reduction of the cost.

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