Project Report

ON

SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM

(A Case Study Of Sirubari, Syangja District)

FOR

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT (BTTM)

PUBLIC YOUTH CAMPUS,

BTTM PROGRAM,
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT,
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY,
KATHMANDU, NEPAL
MAY, 2018

pg. i
 A Project REPORT

ON

SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM

(A CASE STUDY OF SIRUBARI, SYANGJA DISTRICT)

Submitting By:

Jenish Shahi
Seventh Semester, 2018
Exam Roll No. 1853/14
Registration No.: ........

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

Bachelor of Travel and Tourism Management (BTTM)

Submitted to

PUBLIC YOUTH CAMPUS,

BACHELOR OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT (BTTM) – PROGRAM
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT, TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY,
KATHMANDU, DHOBICHAUR

MAY, 2018

pg. i
 RECOMMENDATION

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT

Tribhuvan University

This is to certify that the Project-Work assignment

Report
Submitted by
Jenish Shahi
Seventh Semester, 2018
Exam Roll No. 1853/14

Entitled
SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM
(A Case Study of Sirubari, Syangja District)
has been Approved by this Department,
Public Youth Campus, BTTM Program

This project-work assignment report is forwarded for

Examination
May 2018

Dr. Gyanendra Ratna Tuladhar Pramod Kumar Shrestha Dr. Minu Sigdel
Supervisor Program Director Head of the Organization
Public Youth Campus

pg. ii
 DECLARATION

I, “Jenish Shahi”. hereby declare that the work presented herein is genuine work
done originally by me and has not been published or submitted elsewhere for
the requirement of a degree program. Any literature, data, or works done by
others and cited within this report has been given due acknowledgement and
listed in the reference section.

_______________________
Jenish Shahi
Public Youth Campus
Faculty of Management
Tribhuvan University
Date:

pg. iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study is undertaken for the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor in Travel and
Tourism Management(BTTM), Tribhuwan University Kirtipur. This study would not have
been possible to complete without the kind and promote co-operation of many individuals. It
is my pleasure to express special respect, gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dr.
Gyanendra Tuladhar (Tourism Specialist), who provided excellent guidance during the whole
research and report writing period.

I am grateful indebted to Mr. Pramod Shrestha, Director of the BTTM program, Public Youth
Campus who provided me with valuable guidance, suggestions and relevant research
materials as well as an opportunity to write this dissertation, approving my proposal.

I would like to express my sincere and respectful regard to all the respondents who had
provided materials, gave an opportunity to share ideas in spite of their busy schedule.

It is my pleasure to express my sincere thanks to all the lecture and non-teaching staffs of
Central Department of Economics for their all sort of help.

At the time when I desperately needed ideas and co-operation to choose among the various
alternatives it was my seniors Mr. Jeshan Rai, Punya Prasad Paudel, who guided me all
along. I appreciate their interest, co-operation and support in my work.

I would like to express my special grateful to my parents who were so much perpetual to my
study. I am very much grateful to my parents for their perpetual supports to every aspect in
completion of this study. I am pleased to thank for all my friends for their supports
throughout the research period.

Also, I would like to thanks all who have directly or indirectly assisted to make this effort.

Jenish Shahi

pg. iv
 LISTS OF TABLE

Page No
Table 2.1.1 Inflow of Tourist in Sirubari Village 14
Table 2.1.2 Distribution by Purpose of Visit May 1997 to Dec 2016 15
Table 2.1.3 Age Difference of Tourist 16
Table 2.1.4 Average Length of Stay by Tourist at Sirubari Village 17
Table 2.1.5 Domestic Tourist Arrival and Growth Percent 18
Table 2.1.6 Domestic Tourist Arrival May 1997 to Dec 2013 19
Table 2.1.7 Foreign Tourist Arrival from 1997 to 2013 20
Table 3.1.2 : Data Distribution 21
Table 3.1.2 Population of Sirubari Village 22
Table 3.1.3 Male and Female Leading Household Family in Sirubari Village 23
Table 3.1.4 Caste/Ethnic Distribution of population at Siruvari Village 23
Table 3.1.5 Population of Sirubari Village on the basic of Religion 24
Table 3.1.6 Status of Educational in Siruvari Village 24
Table 3.1.7 Tourism Resources and their Rank in Sirubari 26
Table 3.1.8 Use of Energy Source in Sirubari 27
Table 3.1.9 Respondent Response about Employment Generation by Tourism 31
Table 3.1.10 Direct Local Employment and Salary Pattern in 2013 32
Table 3.1.11 Respondent Response towards Contribution of Tourism 37
Table 3.1.12 Challenges Faced by Village Tourism in Sirubari 39

pg. v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Page No
Figure 2.1.1 Current tourism management and operational modality in Sirubari 13
Figure 2.1.2 How visitors find about Sirubari Village 15
Figure 3.1.1 Data Distribution 22
Figure 3.1.2 Satisfied by the hospitality of villagers 28
Figure 3.1.3 Tourist intention about revisit the Sirubari village 28
Figure 3.1.4 Visitors satisfied with the homestay service of Sirubari village 29

pg. vi
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS IF ANY

ACAP Annapurna Conservation Area Project

CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
FGD Focused Group Discussion
GON Government of Nepal
HAN Hotel Association Nepal
KRC Kathmandu Research Center
NATA Nepal Association of Tour & Travel Agents
NVR Nepal Village Resort
NTB Nepal Tourism Board
PATA Pacific Asia Travel Association
FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry
TAAN Trekking Agencies Association of Nepal
TDMC Tourist Development and Management Committee
GDP Gross Domestic Product
VT Village Tourism
US United States
UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization
VITOF/NEPAL Village Tourism Promotion Forum Nepal
HMG His Majesty Government
VDP Village Development Profile
WTO World Trade Organization

pg. vii
 ABSTRACT OF REPORT

This paper draws upon case-study research assessing the monitoring and evaluation of a
community-based tourism program in Sirubari in the mountain region of central Nepal. To
date, little attention has been given to the importance of monitoring and evaluation in
community-based tourism. Whilst the number of community-based tourism projects and
programs have increased world-wide, including Nepal, there is a dearth of research on how
these programs are monitored and evaluated to ensure maximum economic benefits to local
individuals as well as to the wider community, while conserving the natural environment and
socio-culture in community destinations.

Monitoring and evaluation of community-based tourism is important as it gives an overall

view of the tourism allowing project management authorities to take any necessary action
required for further improvement whilst keep the local people informed. Nevertheless, in
general comprehensive monitoring and evaluation programs of community-based tourism by
involving local inhabitants are lacking.

Likewise, in the case of Sirubari, although the community-based tourism program may be
considered successful from the perspective of forest conservation, local participation,
community development and visitors’ experience, the research findings indicate that little
thought has been given to how the program is monitored and evaluated with due
consideration of end processes, particularly to the benefit of more people in the community.
These findings indicate the need for developing monitoring programs which include the core
strategies for long term as well as short period action plans for program sustainability.

pg. viii
 Table of Contents
RECOMMENDATION______________________________________________________ii

DECLARATION___________________________________________________________iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT____________________________________________________iv

Lists of Table.................................................................................................................................v

List of Graphs................................................................................................................................v

List of Abbreviations/Acronyms if any........................................................................................vii

Abstract of Report.....................................................................................................................viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION______________________________________________1

1.1. Background of study........................................................................................................1

1.2. Objectives of study..........................................................................................................4

1.3. Signification of Study.......................................................................................................4

1.4. Scope of the Study...........................................................................................................4

1.5. Limitation of Study...........................................................................................................5

1.6. Research Methodology Primary and/or Secondary..........................................................5

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE_____________________________________8

2.1. Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................8

2.2. Chapter Organization.....................................................................................................20

CHAPTER 3: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS___________________21

3.1. Presentation of Data and Analysis.................................................................................21

3.2. Findings..........................................................................................................................39

CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS_________41

4.1. Summary........................................................................................................................41

4.2. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................42

4.3. Recommendations.........................................................................................................44

BIBLIOGRAPHY__________________________________________________________45

QUESTIONNAIRE/S_______________________________________________________48

pg. 1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan country bordering India and China, with enormous cultural
and natural diversity. Nepal is a least developed, Landlocked and geographically
disadvantageously placed country. Its location is in the northern margin of south Asia. It has
its elongated rectangular shape roughly with north-west to south-west orientation. The
country has 147,181 square kilometres in area, which accounts as 0.03 present of land area of
earth. The absolute location of Nepal lies between 260 22” North to300 27” North latitude and
800 4” East to 880 12” East longitude. The country has nearly 800kilometres breadth in its
spatial extension mainly along the south slope of the Himalayas (Upadhyay, 2006, p. 46).

Nepal is the country where Mount Everest the highest mountain peak in the world, is located.
Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important
attractions for visitors. The world heritage Lumbini, birth place of Gautama Buddha, is
located in southern Nepal, and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout
the country.

Tourism is the universal phenomenon of modern age. No doubt from the simple traveling of
people of the past it has become very complex today. It has been expanding as smokeless
industry throughout the world. Tourism is often considered as the goose that lays golden egg,
a source of income and stimulus for more employment. Thus it is considered as one of the
biggest industry of the world today.

Tourism sector is one most important sector of economy to overcome country from vicious
circle and poverty. It is not only contributed to earn of foreign currency, helps to develop
small cottage industries and creates the opportunities to employment. US $ 168100000
foreign exchange was generated from tourism in 1999AD. By 4, 81, 04 tourists were visited
Nepal in the period and 80 thousand of people are employed in this sector. It has shared 15.9
percent earning of total foreign currency and 3.6 percent in GDP in the year. This sector is
severally victimized by the unsecured condition of the country. That is caused to downward
rate was 23 percent of visitors and 23.8 percent revenue in 2003 A.D. (Economic Survey,
2003).

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Tourism being important sector in the economy, it is rapidly increasing than the other sector
of world trade. The international tourist arrivals increased from 25,282 thousand in 1950 to
616,635 thousand in 1997 with an average annual growth of about 7 percent up to forecast
the number of international arrivals is expected to reach US $937 million by 2010 A.D.
(WTO, 1998). The receipt from international tourism was US$ 2100 million in 1995, that has
increased to US$ 448,265 million in 1997 with an increase of 12.1 percent annual growth rate
(WTO 1998), That is growing faster than world trade in 1980.

Nepal is predominantly a rural society with rich cultural and ethnic diversity. Community
based village tourism and home stays are part of ecotourism. It offers unique opportunity for
comfortable cultural immersion.

Sirubari village is a model village that introduces the concept of community-based village
tourism in Nepal and the Gurung indigenous people are main inhabitant of the village.

Rural tourism is one the immense areas of entire tourism industry and one of the flourishing
areas in the recent years. It is my assumption that when the world becomes increasingly
homogenous, indigenous culture will become increasingly important for tourist to provide
differentiation and authenticity. Furthermore, village tourism provides the stronger driver to
restore, protect and promote traditional culture. It is necessary to examine village tourism as a
new institution, how it will change and perhaps destroy traditional culture in an effort to run
it into a commercial product. Its concept begins from 70-90s. Most of the Americans engaged
in rural tourism. In overall tourism activities more than 50% activities is in rural tourism. The
prediction of intellectuals still 2020 tourism becomes the biggest industry. Rural tourism is
related to nature related activities. In rural area all of the activities related to nature. In Nepal,
tourism is linked with poverty alleviation.

Syangja district is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal. The district with Syangja as its
district headquarters covers an area of 1,164 KM2 and has a population (2011) of 289,148.
Syangja lies at the height of about 1088 meters (3572 feet) above the sea level. It lies at about
latitude 28∙ 4'60 North and longitude 83∙ 52'0 East. This district is the Siddhartha Highway
which connects Bhairahawa with Pokhara via Syangja. The highway crosses this district in
the east to Kubende and in the west to Ramdi. It is the oldest highway of Nepal built more
than 40 years ago. Many different ethnicities of people live in this district. The major groups

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consist of Brahmin, Kshetriya, Gurung, Magar and others. The people are famous for their
unique identity.

Panchamul VDC is the one among 60 VDCs and 2 municipalities of Syangja District, a part
of Gandaki Zone. It is located at Southwest region of Syangja district of Gandakizone
.Panchamul VDC, lies between 28 degree 7'' to 28 degree 8" northern latitude and 83 degree
45'' to 83 degree 47'' eastern longitude . Sirubari is predominantly Gurung Village. It demand
4 hours trek from nearest road head along Pokhara-Sunauli highway. It is located at the
altitude of 1700 mtrs. From the highest point one can see great Himalayan peaks such as
Annapurna, Machhapuchhre& Dhaulagiri.

This VDC is located at between southern Rapakot VDC, Northern Karkineta VDC of Parbat
district, and Western Aaruchuar VDC. Originally the idea was that of a retired Army Captain
Mr. Rudra Man Gurung who approach Government of Nepal to support to develop village
tourism in Sirubari. But came in contact with Australian tour operator Mr. Tony Parr proved
fruitful. The village is full of traditional stone building, including a charming gompa
(Buddhist) monestray and there's a rugged view point nearby at thumro (2300 m) overlooking
the full of the Himalayan peaks.

Among many attractions of Nepal Sirubari is one of the most scenic tourist destinations. This
Village is model village for rural tourism. This type of tourism in Sirubari is first in Nepal.

Visitors both national and foreigner are not allowed to choose the host family, but it is the
Tourism Development and Management Committee (TDMC) of the village who assign the
visitors to the host on the rotational basis. This provides the opportunities to the entire TDMC
member households to welcome tourists and get tourism benefits in an equitable manner.

Village tourism in Sirubari village may be considered a micro-exercise in making tourism

relevant to local economic and environmental development. Dispite of diverse ethnic groups
and languages and a rich variety of cultures, lifestyles values and traditions Nepal is
characterized by a highly stratified social system resulting in the presence of many castes. In
Sirubari village there are the Gurung and the Dalit communities consisting of Damai, Kami
and Sarki, who are often denoted as ‘occupational castes’. With the exception of the Damai
who are engaged in welcome, farewell and pottering, no other Dalit castes are involved in
tourism activities. Locally as well as nationally, the Gurung, who are officially Buddhist but

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also follow Hindu rituals and festivals, have a higher socio-economic status than the Damai.
Due to this inequality and lacking opportunity, emigration to cities and abroad is prominent.

Therefore, the project in this field is in implementation state with different name but nobody
is taking task to explore its socio-economic impact. Therefore, the present the study is done
to explore this issue.

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The general objective of this study is basically to undertake and find out social and economic
impacts of rural tourism in Sirubari village. However, the following are the Specific
objectives are.

1. To examine the current trend of tourist inflow and status of tourism in the study area.
2. To analyze the socio-economic impact of rural tourism in the study area.
3. To identify the potentialities for proper development of the area.

1.3. SIGNIFICATION OF STUDY

Nepal is a developing country depends on agricultural economy. There are no large scales for
development. Nepal has given potentiality to developed tourism. Tourist is view as the agent
to social and economic development. Tourism is the one of the biggest sources of revenue
generation in Nepal. In the last two decades the contribution of to foreign income generation,
infrastructure development a cross-sect oral benefits have dramatically increase. It is however
regrettable that the major percentage of tourist revenue is swallowed by a limited section of
the hospitality industry and travel trade business concentrated within the capital city of
Kathmandu only.

The study site is chosen one of the rural tourism areas of the country that is Panchamul
V.D.C. of Syangja District. Nepal has lot of beautiful village area which could be possible
tourism sector. Furthermore, this study will be done socio-economic impact of rural tourism.
The information will help to enhance the socio-economic impact of the rural tourism.

1.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is up to the conservation and development of the area by the
increased amount of participation which can lead to widespread economic and other benefits

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and decision-making power to communities. The economic benefits are the motivations for
the local communities and also a way to protect and conserve the natural and cultural
resources which can be reformulated as tourism products.

1.5. LIMITATION OF STUDY

This study was concerned to the specific area of Panchamul V.D.C. of Syangja District. This
study was concentrated to analyze the socio-economic impact of rural tourism in this village.
So, the conclusion drawn from this study will be more indicative rather than conclusive. The
conclusion could not be generalized. This study was on particular place, Sirubari village; its
findings may not be applicable for another place. This study would be based on primary and
secondary information. Secondary information which would be collected from various source
such as Nepal Tourism Board, FNCCI, NATA, HAN, TAAN, different dissertation, articles,
and research reports. Almost all data are in descriptive form.

1.6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRIMARY AND/OR SECONDARY

Research Design

The research design is case study type. Data information and facts are used both primary and
secondary types. The primary data and information is taken by questionnaire and interview
method from tourist hotel and restaurants, shopkeeper, tourist visitors and related
Government and organization, Purposive or Judgmental non random sampling survey method
is applied. Table, graph pictures rate value use of average, percentage is used. Approaches of
analysis are both quantitative and qualitative types. The types of research design in this study
are descriptive in nature.

Description of Study Area

Panchamul VDC is the one among 60 VDCs and 2 municipalities of Syangja District, a part
of Gandaki Zone. It is located at Southwest region of Syangja district of Gandakizone
.Panchamul VDC, lies between 28 degree 7'' to 28 degree 8" northern latitude and 83 degree
45'' to 83 degree 47'' eastern longitude. Rural tourism has been started in this village to 1997.
The village is accessible by both the vehicles and foot. One can reach Sirubari from the Helu
by foot (3 hours), Syangja, the headquarter (4 hours) and Naudanda (5 hours) by vehicle. All
this station lies on the Siddhartha Highway, the road connecting Pokhara with Lumbani. It is

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located at the altitude of 1700 meters. From the highest point one can see great Himalayan
peaks such as Annapurna, Machhapuchhre& Dhaulagiri. It is a very neat and clean village,
home stay program is adopted in this village the accommodation is simple, but comfortable,
with good bedding, as well as clean toilet facilities. Meals of daily fresh food are eaten with
the family, and each evening there is entertainment provided by the community, which is
usually Gurung dancing and singing

Nature and Sources of Data Collection

This Study is conducted by generating primary data as well as secondary

Primary Data

The primary information is collected from Hotel/Restaurant, shopkeepers and tourists visitors
at Sirubari area. The required information also been collected through the use questionnaire,
interviews hotel and restaurant, tourist and shopkeeper are chosen during the survey period.
Purposive sampling method is use for selection of respondent.

Secondary Data

Secondary data was obtained through various journals, survey reports, related newspaper,
articles, previous published researches, book, Publication of Nepal, Tourism Board, tourism
related associations, Economics survey Central Bureau of Statistics and Journal from central
library T.U.

Population and Sample Size

The study is based on Primary data collected form a sample survey of 57 households. This
represented about 39 percent of the total households in the village, of these 14 households
had guest room and while 43 households didn’t have guest room. According to the field
information, some 40 Gurung household in Sirubari have established guest rooms but not all
of these household have been able to entertain visitors. In the core area of the village, only 14
guest room owners are properly represented in the sample was selected for both Gurung and
occupational cast families.

Tolls and Techniques of data collection

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Questionnaire

Households questionnaire were used in interviewing the sampled house regarding the socio-
economic impact of Rural Tourism, demographic characteristics, tourist management,
resources conservation and use, labor utilization pattern. Economic source, employment of
people, involvement in tourism sectors. Facilities of tourist each home, and all touristic
environment and its challenges and impacts.

Key Information Interview

The study had undertaken the structured, semi-structured and unstructured interview. For
these, the study was based on interviews with village leaders, politicians, tourists, Mukhiya,
elderly people, business persons, security persons, health worker, school teacher and aged
people from neighboring village.

Observation

Direct observation has also been used to collect relevant information regarding the “Socio-
economic Impact of Rural Tourism” in the study area.

Presentation and Data Analysis

In the process of data analysis, the researcher classified and tabulated data, which he had
collected through the various sources. In this study, data were collected and tabulated
manually. For different types of data, different tables are prepared. Simple statistical tools
were used such as percentage, bar diagrams and pie chart. To fulfill the objectives of the
study, data were analyzed descriptively.

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CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This study attempts to empirical review of literature regarding Community Based Village
Tourism in Nepal: A Case Study of Sirubari Village, Nepal. This section carry mainly three
parts, first theoretical review of the study, second is Review of related study and finally
conceptual framework of the study has been presented in this study.

2.
2.1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Rural Tourism

As many as 75 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas. Top tourism destinations,
particularly in developing countries, include national parks, wilderness areas, mountains,
lakes, and cultural sites, most of which are generally rural. Thus tourism is already an
important feature of the rural economy in these specific sites. It is self- evident that tourism
will never come to dominate all rural areas; particularly in the developing world- there are
vast swathes of rural areas for which tourism is not relevant for the foreseeable future.
Between these two extremes are poor rural areas with some tourism potential, and an urgent
need to develop whatever economic potential they have. Thus, an important question is
whether more can be done to develop tourism within such rural areas, as a way of dispersing
the benefits of tourism and increasing its poverty impact. Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan
country bordering India and China, with enormous cultural and natural diversity and tourism
assets. The country has an area of 147,181 square kilometers or 0.1% of total land mass of the
Earth. 83% of total area is covered by Mountains thus providing increased opportunities for
nature based tourism and\or adventure tourism, including Trekking, Mountaineering, Rafting,
Paragliding, Cycling, Wildlife observation and Bird watching and cultural experiences.
Almost all of these activities take place in rural areas except cultural tourism in Kathmandu
valley which hosts attractive art and architectural building and is listed as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site (Cultural). Tourism development in Nepal dates back to the early 1950s
following the successful ascent of Mount Annapurna by French mountaineer Maurice
Hergoz, and three years later the successful ascent of Mount Everest, world’s highest peak,
the Nepalese mountaineer TenzingNorgey and Sir Edmund Hillary, a New Zealander. The
major issue remains that the tourism income is not being shared by all parts of the country; it
remains confined to the major trekking trails and destinations such as Everest, Langtang,

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Annapurna, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Chitwan region, often referred to as the ‘tourism
triangle’. This has led to the tourism entrepreneurs and development workers to seek
alternative ways on how to diversify the tourism benefits to other parts of the country as well
in par with environmental conservation. Nepal’s rural settings also provide a strong
foundation to promote rural and\or village-based tourism because of its unique lifestyle,
unspoiled culture and tradition. If marketed in an innovative way it can bring tourism benefits
in the villages that are off the main trekking trails and help create off-farm employment.

Evaluation of Rural Tourism in Nepal

Nepal is considered as one of the poorest countries in the world. However, tourism in this
country plays a very important role; Nepal is very popular among the professional travelers
and bag packers. It attracts tourists by both: ancient history and unbelievably beautiful nature,
rafting is very popular there. Quite recently, there has appeared a very special kind of
tourism- rural tourism. It gives a possibility to get acquainted with probably the main
treasures of the country: culture, customs and traditions. As a rule, tourists in Nepal repose on
the specially built resorts and singly made tents. Rural tourism allows them to get in the
everyday life and culture of the local residents.

The majority of the population in Nepal lives in the rural areas and a tourist has a possibility
to stay in one of those. He will be able not only to watch sidewise it. The way of life of
resident population doesn't change, influenced by the tourists, it remains the same. Tourists
are the dishes common to the ordinary residents; they have the possibility to take
participation in the rural living.

Tourism Council plans to launch a project on the forest planting and environmental
protection, in order to give the tourist industry incentives for development. The concept of
rural tourism is believed to have been introduced by Dr. Surendra Bhakta Pradhanang for the
first time and began to gain subject of topic since the start of 1980. Kathmandu Research
Center (KRC) undertook a comprehensive survey on the possibilities of rural tourism (village
tourism) in Nepal. After a long struggle, in 1995, the government of Nepal finally included
rural tourism in to its tourism policy. Thus, the credit of instituting Village Tourism concept
in Nepal's new agenda in travel and trade industry goes to Dr. Pradhanang who has also been
honored with a title of "Father of Village Tourism". Gradually, the Ninth five-year
development plan (1997-2002) gave due recognition to VT throughout the country.

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The tenth five (2002-2007) and the three year interim plan (2007-2010) have also given
continuity to the concept of VT with its declared policy of poverty alleviation. Likewise, a
forum also has been formed for the sustainable rural development through VT called Village
Tourism promotion Forum (VITOF-Nepal) which has been functioning since 1997.

Dr. Prem Sharma presented seminar paper in 2005 expressing: "Village Tourism can be
based in special areas, local peculiarity because a village rarely possesses varieties or mosaic
of specialties. To cite few examples, Stout fish popularity of Rani Pouwa Trishuli and fish
items of Malekhu on the highway, hot spring water bath at Singa Babiyachaur-Myagdi,
Ranighat Durbar-Palpa, Fikal Tea-Eastate-Illam, Kankrebihar, Nagarkot and Daman for
sightseeing and honeymoon trip, Manakamana for pilgrimage and cable car, Lukuri
Bhanjhyang and Chanoadevu fir Picnic sports, Sedubeni -Prabat for rafting, boating and
pilgrimage etc".

Rural Tourism is the most talked tourism scenario in Nepal for its wide possibility and being
coherent to the eco-tourism that supports local livelihoods and preserve the cultural and
natural aspects in remote regions. Being a rural predominant country, Nepal possesses diverse
culture and nature where a balanced development including environmental, economical and
social can consistently be achieved through community/village tourism as it holds a high
prospect. (Dangol, 2005)

The concept of Rural Tourism can be regarded as macro level tourism and the village tourism
can be observed as micro level tourism. Under the domestic tourism, VT can be a unit".
(Kunwar, 2002)

"In European countries, the village Tourism is in prosperous form. For example, in Austria,
many village communities run small cottages; ubbs, guest rooms and the tourists are provided
bed and breakfast. (Poudel, 2000).

"In Israel, the cooperative (Kibutz and Sashav) sponsors and manages the village Tourism.
Even she has unique family visit tourism. Many students in Israel are accustomed preferring
traveling. The village tourists are guided to the agro-farm, local products, dairy farm and
acquainted with the rural life setting. The local products are sold as souvenirs. Therefore,
there is high potentiality to develop rural-urban linkage for Rural Development. The village

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Tourism at Sirubari. Illam and Ghalegaon, Ghanapokhara, Madnpokhara and Mashubase can
be regarded to some extent for it"

Nepal has more than 101 ethnic groups and 92 spoken languages and a rich variety of
cultures, lifestyles, values and traditions. Although the law and the interim Constitution has
provided equal rights to all ethnic and religious groups, Nepal is characterized by a highly
stratified social system, resulting in the presence of many castes. Due to the lack of
alternative livelihood options the youth and productive work force are compelled to
emigration to cities and abroad. Over 86% of Nepal’s population lives in rural areas, more
specifically in 3,915 Village Development Committees (V.D.C.). Farming is the main
occupation and non-farming opportunities are very rare so the emigration is inevitable in
rural Nepal (Upadhyay, 2007).

Rural Tourism in Sirubari

Sirubari village has declared by His Majesty’s Government of Nepal as the first model tourist
village in 22 Kartic 2054. Sirubari village have been succeeded as first model village with its
extreme different appearance better than nearly forty thousand village overall the country.
Though it is to say not easily presented such situation. It has been completed various stages.
It is proved that the indigenous knowledge of local youths, social workers and intellectuals
had promptly appeared high opinion to promote every developing work is possible if they are
united. Which encouraged them to established Nawa Youth Club at Sirubari in 2024 B.S.at
first? Different types of developing work have been starting on the leadership of Nawa youth
Club at Sirubari. Among them, they fell themselves any difficult work can be easily finished
if they have skill and knowledge of work, mutual understanding. Transparency, sincerity,
dedication power to work, social leadership, capability, co-confidence etc. due to their every
objectives as mentioned above they constructed about five feet width well foot trail with
drain in the middle part of Sirubari village top to bottom in 2032 B.S, Buddhist Monastery or
a Gumba has also constructed in 2037B.S ,cremation ground with house had constructed on
the southern part near by the village in 2040 B.S ,by their own subscription collection without
government aid. Besides of these five hundred hectors of necked hill planted by different
types of herbs in 2038 B.S with constructed about 35 km. stone wall surrounded overall with
win 5 years. Because of their such kinds of remarkable work the Government had awarded
their community forest by silver medal with twenty five thousand rupees plus certificate in
2054 B.S. and also awarded by Japan’s government to Nawa Youth Club In Sirubari with
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golden medal, certificate plus seven thousand rupees. Since then the advertisement of
Sirubari village has been rapidly scattered the views of development practitioners,
intellectual, social workers as well as foreigners.

This Sirubari village has also earned the international fame of being the first community-
based Village Tourism. According to informed sources such kinds of model village has not
been developed even in Switzerland. Sirubari village has won ‘PATA award 2058’ handed by
ex-prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala which is at first Nepal.

Nevertheless, according to L.A Dernoi (1988)1 such types of community best tourism has
already practiced in France 1960’s by local farmers groups/communities to establish simple
tourist accommodation, to help both the “village economy” and tourism development. This
practice blossomed, in some instances in the 1970’s as village eclate” a village. Tourism in
which much of the locality as well as the surrounding region participates a quasi-spontaneous
format of community best tourism.

In the context of community best tourism in Sirubari has slightly different than as mentioned
above. The Village Tourism model currently being practiced in Sirubari village is an unique
for its concept of “home stay” which an emphasis an interacting and living with the host
community. It offers the visitors for an opportunity to experience the village culture, customs
and daily life of the host household and the community. The concept of home stay was
introduced to ensure their tourism benefits flow across wider community. The guests are then
assigned to host families with whom they live for the next two days are able to get a sense of
being part of the host family.

The climate is ideal at all times of the year with no snow ever falling in the village itself,
however the ideal time for visit is between September and June, but visitors can view the
magnificent Himalayas view just in front of the village. The village is on the southern slope
of the ridge that is why the village can enjoy the long sunny days. The villagers are not only
concerned about the local tourism development; they have also given adequate attention to
conserving the flora and fauna of their area. For this purpose, about 500 hectare land has been
brought under conservation. A forty-five-kilometer long wall has been constructed to protect
wild life, herbs and plants. As a result of the hard work, now this reserve forest has already
transformed into a dense jungle, where birds and wild animals live without any difficulty.
Hunting and cutting of trees is strictly prohibited (Mero Syangja 2011).

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Figure 2.1.1: Current tourism management and operational modality in Sirubari

Source: Tourism development and management committee, Sirubari

STATUS OF RURAL TOURISM IN SIRUBARI

Volume of Tourist Flows in Sirubari

The analysis of is mainly based on questionnaires collected from villagers, domestic tourists
as well as foreign tourists. The kind of analysis conducted in this chapter is the first of its
kind. So, far no study has been conducted to asset the basic characteristics of tourists' arrivals
in Sirubari.

Tourist Arrival

This action examines the number of tourists visiting Sirubari as far as the study of the records
of tourism department of GON. Data relating to tourists’ arrivals in this area were available
from May 1997 to December 2013 only. These data are presented table no 2.1.1. In addition
to the number of tourists’ arrival in Sirubari can be shown the percentage change over the
previous year at the table below. The growth percentage is computed by taking May 1997 as
the base year.

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 Table 2.1.1: Inflow of tourists in Sirubari Village
Sirubari Nepal
Year No of Tourists Growth % Sirubari No of Tourists Growth % Nepal
1997 152 0 421857 0
1998 201 32.24% 463684 9.91%
1999 268 33.33% 491504 6.00%
2000 287 7.09% 463646 -5.67%
2001 288 0.35% 362544 -21.81%
2002 24 -91.67% 100616 -72.25%
2003 67 179.17% 338132 236.06%
2004 25 -62.69% 385297 13.95%
2005 37 48.00% 375398 -2.57%
2006 35 -5.41% 383926 2.27%
2007 65 85.71% 526705 37.19%
2008 69 6.15% 500277 -5.02%
2009 33 -52.17% 509957 1.93%
2010 72 118.18% 602867 18.22%
2011 113 56.94% 736215 22.12%
2012 82 -27.43% 766946 4.17%
2013 95 15.85% 767296 0.05%
2014 105 10.52% 762365 -0.64%
2015 78 -7.15% 518264 -32.02%
Source: NTB 2016

How did you find about Sirubari

On the observations tourist were asked the questions how you found about
Sirubari village and figure No. 2.1.2 shows 20% tourists find Sirubari by the help
of internet, 32.5% tourists source of information was Nepal tourism board, where
27.5% thinks they get information about Sirubari from travel agency and 20%
tourist find the Sirubari by other means of mass media.

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 Figure No. 2.1.2: How did visitors find about Sirubari village

Source: field survey 2017

Distribution by Purpose of Visit May 1997 to December 2016

The purpose of visit by tourists in Sirubari may be classified in to sightseeing, recreation,

pleasure and relax and research study of the village people and culture. The distribution of
tourists by purpose of visit may be seen from table 2.1.2 below.

Table 2.1.2: Distribution by Purpose of Visit

Purpose of Visit Total Number Percentage
Sightseeing 472 22.52
Recreation 446 21.28
Pleasure and Relax 619 29.53
Village people and culture 559 26.67
Total 2096 100
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

The table shows that majority of tourists visit at Sirubari for the purpose of pleasure and relax
followed by traditional culture, cultural heritage folk song, folk dance as well as Ghatu,
Sorathi dance, Krishna Charitra etc. In Sirubari, 29.53 percent of tourists visited for purpose
of pleasure and relax, 26.67 percent of tourists for village people and cultural, 22.52 percent
of tourists for sightseeing and 21.28 percent of tourists for recreation. Thus, there is no
significant between the purpose of visit by tourist their own purpose.

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Age Difference of Tourists

The different ages of tourists are visited Sirubari which is given below in table

Table 2.1.3: Age Differences of Tourists

Age Group Number Percentage
Below 25 Years 580 27.67
25 to 50 Years 1118 53.34
Above 50 Years 398 18.99
Total 2096 100
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

Tourists are of different ages 27.67 percent were below 25 years of age while 53.34 percent
were with the age group 25 to 50 years. Similarly, 18.99 percent of tourists were 50 years.

Average Length of Stay

The length of stay is a crucial factor in tourism development. In order to develop tourism
industry, it is necessary not only to increase the no of tourist inflow but also increase their
length of stay. The length of stay varies from tourists. It depends on time, money and desire
of tourists.

The duration of stay by tourist by visiting Sirubari may be seen from table 2.4 below. The
table reveals that the length of stay varies from at least one day to four day in Sirubari village.

Table 2.1.4: Average Length of stay by Tourists at Sirubari Village

Duration Number Percentage
Day Excursion 0 -
One night/2 Days 354 16.89
Two night/3 Days 495 23.62
Three night/4 Days 1060 50.57
Four night/5 Days (Above) 187 8.92
Total 2096 100
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

Types of Tourists

Basically, in Sirubari, there are two types of tourist inflows i.e. domestic as well as foreign.

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Domestic Tourists

Besides foreign visitors there is also a large flow of domestic tourist to Sirubari. The
declaration of Sirubari community forests, nursery as a model and the introduction of first
model village. Tourism in Nepal have attractive quite a few domestic visitors to Sirubari. At
the same time initiation of the first model village tourism of Nepal has inspired many lodge
owners and committee members mostly from Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP)
to visit Sirubari. Available information indicates that a total of nearly 100 groups of varying
sizes comparing a total of 1630 visitor from Parbat, Lamjung, Kaski, Mustang,
Sindhupalchowk, Kathmandu, Dhadhing, Gorkha etc. have visited at Sirubari more over can
be clearly define as given table 2.1.5.

Table 2.1.5: Domestic Tourist Arrival and Growth Percent

Total Length of Stay
Year Number % Growth 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day Above
1997 436 0 256 120 40 18 2
1998 764 75.23 312 350 65 30 7
1999 535 -29.97 243 155 89 38 10
2000 437 -18.32 146 108 125 46 12
2001 235 -46.22 105 58 44 19 9
2002 408 73.62 190 137 51 22 8
2003 129 -68.38 42 48 27 8 4
2004 189 46.51 29 85 52 18 5
2005 69 -63.49 17 26 15 8 3
2006 222 221.74 44 67 98 5 8
2007 769 246.4 215 482 62 7 3
2008 439 -42.91 107 251 75 4 2
2009 402 -8.43 138 130 111 14 9
2010 326 -18.91 93 105 101 15 12
2011 326 0 95 100 110 17 4
2012 165 -49.39 72 45 35 6 7
2013 189 14.55 71 70 36 10 2
2014 196 3.71 76 68 39 8 5
2015 225 14.80 25 36 34 44 86
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

The given table shows the percentage change in inflow of domestic tourists since 1997 to till
now. This table shows most of the year are in positive response year 1998. The growth rate of
domestic inflow leads continuous increase up in 1998. In year 1998 growth recorded 75.23
percent and consequently became decrease after year 1998 the growth rate of domestic tourist
become decreasing on decreasing rate due to present situation in Nepal. After year 2001,

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inflow of domestic tourist increased in year 2002 and year 2007. Then inflow of domestic
tourist is decreased by 63.49 percent in year 2005. The growth recorded in year 2006 and
year 2007 to 221.74 percent and 246.4 percent respectively. Growth rate of domestic inflow
decreased in year 2008 by 42.91 percent and increased by 8.41 percent in year 2009 also. In
year 2010 and 2011, rate decreased by decreasing growth rate of 18.91 and 0 percent
respective. A lot of people flew back to their home after a devastating earthquake that
hit Nepal on March 2015 which increased the flow of domestic tourists.

Table 2.1.6: Domestic Tourist Arrival May 1997 to December 2016

Year/ Ap
Jan Feb Mar May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Month r
1997 12 25 27 92 25 42 73 48 62 12 10 8 436
12
1998 25 12 27 56 88 102 5 86 79 95 54 15 764
1999 17 50 38 36 52 64 68 32 48 43 54 33 535
2000 20 50 54 22 41 32 23 34 38 52 42 29 437
2001 15 17 25 19 13 12 22 30 28 21 18 15 235
2002 50 51 48 28 15 17 58 25 15 34 52 15 408
2003 11 6 12 9 13 5 9 10 15 18 12 9 129
2004 15 9 9 12 16 8 9 12 42 27 18 12 189
2005 3 6 4 9 4 8 7 9 7 1 5 6 69
2006 19 12 18 23 18 12 11 19 52 18 8 12 222
12
2007 17 12 58 18 96 92 17 87 61 88 98 5 769
2008 25 12 19 85 27 56 32 40 65 41 25 12 439
2009 47 18 72 27 22 21 22 36 32 20 38 47 402
2010 12 21 26 24 25 15 36 23 25 21 56 42 326
2011 15 11 15 25 51 42 20 28 46 44 13 16 326
2012 11 17 12 16 18 9 15 17 11 19 11 9 165
2013 22 17 17 18 25 12 9 14 28 6 9 12 189
2014 16 23 21 15 22 11 13 15 25 9 14 12 196
2015 12 16 32 56 44 16 12 10 7 9 5 6 225
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

International Tourist

The total volume of international tourist flows to Sirubari by nationally since May 1997 to
December 2016 is provided in given table below. While record on tourist visiting Sirubari are
maintained by both NVR and TDMC. The record keeping system at present contains little
information an age, sex, occupation etc. Based on the information provided by NVR and
TDMC since, May 1997 to December 2016 a total of 1913 tourists visited Sirubari village.

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The Table below will be making clear about of flows of international tourists of Sirubari
village as yearly basis.

Table 2.1.7: Foreign Tourist Arrival from 1997 to 2016

Year/ Ja Fe Ju Au De
Month n b Mar Apr May n Jul g Sep Oct Nov c Total
1997 12 14 8 13 5 9 17 12 6 20 14 22 152
1998 15 18 10 16 6 11 21 15 8 35 18 28 201
1999 19 23 13 20 8 14 26 19 10 58 23 35 268
2000 24 29 16 25 10 18 33 24 13 22 29 44 287
2001 30 36 25 22 13 23 17 12 17 39 28 26 288
2002 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 24
2003 3 5 4 3 12 4 9 4 6 8 4 5 67
2004 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 4 2 1 25
2005 3 1 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 3 37
2006 2 1 5 2 3 2 3 3 5 3 2 4 35
2007 3 1 8 6 4 3 4 2 6 14 6 8 65
2008 4 1 10 8 5 4 5 3 8 3 8 10 69
2009 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 2 7 4 3 33
2010 4 6 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 12 9 6 72
2011 5 12 5 10 8 12 10 6 5 13 11 16 113
2012 6 8 6 6 9 7 4 6 3 9 10 8 82
2013 8 7 8 8 11 9 5 8 4 9 10 8 95
2014 9 12 8 5 6 13 7 10 3 6 15 11 105
2015 7 9 5 2 3 6 8 7 5 6 11 9 78
Source: Visitors 'Book, Sirubari 2016

2.2. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION

The study is divided into six chapters. The first chapter consists of the general introduction.
The second chapter comprises literature review. Third chapter deals the research
methodology, used during the field study. The four chapters include the status of rural
tourism in Sirubari. Fifth chapter includes data analysis and presentation, socio-economic
impact, opportunity and challenges of rural tourism. Six chapter includes summary,
conclusion and recommendation. Finally the bibliography, questionnaires and appendix and
maps have also been attached.

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CHAPTER 1: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

1.
1. PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS

This chapter attempts to analyze the information generated from the Presentation and analysis
has been grouped keeping in mind the objectives. It comprises the social, economic
condition, trends of rural tourism in Sirubari Village, Socio-economic Impact, Challenges and
opportunity of rural tourism at this village.

The data has been presented and analyzed data through different bar diagrams and pie charts
and rational interpretations have been given to find out the actual impact of tourism on local
community toward the village and the views stated by the tourist about the community based
village tourism, facilities provided by villagers, about homestay concept etc. The researcher
had tried to include as many detail as possible to find out the rational of the study and tried to
make it as informative as possible.

Table No. 3.1.1 Data Distribution

SN. Type of Respondent Sample Correspondence Respondent Percent NA
size No. No.
1 Local peoples of Sirubari 25 25 25 100% 0
2 Tourists who visit Sirubari 75 75 40 53.33% 35
Total 100 100 65 65% 35
Source: field survey 2017

In the Table No 3.1.1 the total sample size of this case study was 100, 25 from
locals of Sirubari village and 75 tourists who visited Sirubari. but only 65 people
responded the study questionnaires,25 from local people of Sirubari village out
of 25 and only 40 tourist responded out of 75 and 35 tourists have not
respondent.

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 Figure No. 3.1.1 Data Distribution

Data Distribution
Local peoples of Sirubari Tourists who visit Sirubari
75

40

25 25

Sample size Respondent No.

Source: field survey 2017

Figure No. 3.1.1 shows group wise respondent out of 100 only 65 respondents
were responded the questannarai. 25 covered from local people of Sirubari and
40 from tourists who visit the village.

Population distribution of Sirubari Village

Different caste and ethnic groups are living in Sirubari village. According to Panchamul VDC
office There are Female population is 763 and male population is 782 and total house is 242.
Total population of this Area is 1545. Popultion of Sirubari village is represented the
following table.

Table 3.1.2: Population of Sirubari Village

Ward No. Number of Total Female Male Total Population
Settlement Household Population Population
4 7 125 361 377 738
5 11 117 402 405 807
Total 18 242 763 782 1545
Source: VDP 2016

Male and Female leading household family in Sirubari Village.

In Sirubari Village most of the household are leading by male. Some of them leading women
also. when the male are absence at home there are women are active to leading the house.
The above table shows the word no 5 there are 26 household are leading by women. This is

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the high number of women leading household word in this area. In this area 36 household are
leading by Female and 206 household are leading by male

Table 3.1.3: Male and Female leading household family in Sirubari village.
Word no Female leading household Male leading household
4 10 115
5 26 91
Total 36 206
Source: VDP 2016

Population distribution by Caste/Ethnicity

In Sirubari Village there are many caste and ethnicity are living together with harmony each
other. No of population of Sirubari village shows below table

Table 3.1.4: Caste/Ethnic Distribution of Population at Sirubari Village

Caste/ethnicity No. of Population Percentage
Brahaman 419 27%
Gurung 522 33%
Kami 222 15%
Damai 186 12%
Sarki 111 7%
Muslim 85 6%
Total 1545 100
Source: VDP 2016

This table shows the distribution of population of Caste and Ethnic in Sirubari. In Sirubari
village Gurung larger number 33% of the total population of Gurung. Chhetri is not avaliable
in this village. Muslims are very low in this village. There are no Chhetri.

Population of Sirubari Village on the Basis of Religion

Most of the population of Sirubari village are adopted Hindu religion. The number of Hindus
are 1195. Buddhists are 265 and Muslims are 85. There are low population of Muslims. The
following table shows the population of Sirubari village on the basis of their religion.

Table 3.1.5: Population of Sirubari village on the Basis of Religion

Ward no Hindus Buddhist Muslims
4 545 193
5 650 72 85
Total 1195 265 85

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Source: VDP 2016

6-15 years 16-45 years 46-60 year Above 60

Ward no. Literat Illiterate Literat Illiterate Literat Illiterate Literat Illiterate
e e e e
4 112 7 180 22 33 23 13 24
5 119 1 212 16 31 34 7 26
Total 231 8 392 38 64 57 20 50

Table 3.1.6: Status of Education in Sirubari Village

Source: VDP 2016

Sirubari village literate rate is 76%. The number of literate of 6 to 15 years child is 231 and
illiterate are 8 person.

Above table shows that in Sirubari village 16-45 years people literate is 392 and literate is 38.
Likewise, 40-60 years 64 people are literate and 57 are illiterate. Above 60 years 20 people
are literal and 50 people are illiterate. Following table shows the status of literati in Sirubari
Village. Leaving the exception of today’s generation, almost aged people of Sirubari are
illiterate. There is a lack of education among old-aged women and high education dropout
rate among female students. On the basis of caste Brahaman are more educated than other
caste. There 8 male are PHD holder, 7 is Brahaman and 1 is in Gurung family. Number of
school of this VDC are 25. One is the Higher secondary school is Trishid Higher Secondary
School.

School and College of Sirubari village

There are 2 pre-primary school and 2 primary school. In this Area there are one Higher
Secondary School located at 2 no ward named panchamul. In ward no 2 and 8 there is
community Secondary School. Likewise other 2 school are running in this VDC. Total
number of school is 25.

Health and Sanitation of Sirubari

This village is a very neat and clean; the accommodation is simple, but comfortable, with
good bedding, as well as clean toilet facilities. The village which is inhabited entirely by the

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Gurung people, is small and compact with neat and clean trails connecting the mainly stone
and slate built houses. Most of the Gurung are retired Birtish army they are very conscious
for community sanitation. They keep the dustbin on the way. In Sirubari Village there are 152
family have a permanent toilets and 90 family have a temporary toilet and other family have
no toilet. In this Village 141 family have pipe line tap and 101 family have got water from
well, Kuwaa Jaruwa and other family use river, and other sources of water. 16 people are get
the training of drinking water and sanitation. In Sirubari every household have drinking water
pipe. A health post in Rajswara village.

Religions and culture

Most of the Gurung are culture friendly. Mother groups and village's Youth club are
contributed to conserve the cultural activities. Youth club running the dancing and singing
program for tourist entrainment. Lohsar is a great fastival of Gurung. In Sirubari Gourung
community follow this fastival. On the effect of Hindus many Gurung are follow the Hindus
festivals Dashing and Tihar also. Gurung are Buddhist.

Environmental Management Practices in Sirubari

The issue of environmental impacts of tourism is the growing worldwide concern. The
promotion of the tourism without concerning the possible impact on environment has causes
some negative consequences. In some cases, the economic benefits gain from the tourism has
exceeded the environmental cost and benefits. Therefore, it is a dire need to carry out detail
feasibility study to terms of its socio- cultural, economic and environmental cost and benefits
prior to the promotion of tourism. The most noted environmental impacts due to tourism
could be deforestation, problem of non-biodegradable waste, water pollution etc. among
others.

Tourism Resources of Sirubari Village

The major tourism resources of the village are Local Gurung culture, Livelihoods pattern,
(the way of living), community forest/forest nursery, and the Thumro-Juroview point.
Tourism activities begin from the arrival day as they experience the unforgettable welcome
procession from gate of the village. The people queue up at the main entrance to welcome
tourists with flower bouquets and garlands and the Panchaibaja is played on. They take the

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tourists to the Buddha Gompa where light snacks are offered to them and after short break
they are handed over to the guestroom owner as per their turn on rotational basis. On the
second day of their arrival, tourists are taken to Thumro-Juro (if the weather is clear) to see
the Himalayan ranges. They get the chance to see the community forest too. In the day time
tourists are shown the local way of living such as agriculture works, animal husbandry, use of
wood made traditional grinding machine and so on. They can explore the nearby government
school, health post and other rural settlements and villager’s daily interaction for the
livelihoods. Even tourists can participate in household activities such as cooking, milking
cow or buffalo, participate in harvesting crops or do some work in the kitchen garden,
depending on the cropping season. Everything is open to them and they can get chance to
explore village on their own wish and interest. In the evening of the second day, a cultural
programme is organized in the community building with singing and dancing. Gurung dances
such as Sorathi and Gathu with some folk songs and dances can be observed there. On the
third day, after their breakfast with the host, they leave the village. Once again, they gather in
the Buddha Gompa, get some blessing from the lama (Gompa Buddha priest), and write some
comments and their experience in the praised with Sirubari Topi(Cap) as a token of love and
appreciation. Once again, they are seen off from the village; people queue up in line and offer
flowers and garland.

Tourism resources identified during this study are local culture, guest-host relationship, local
livelihoods, forest nursery and biodiversity and ThumroJuro (view point). The rank achieved
by this resource is Local culture (1), guest-host relationship (2), Local livelihoods (3), forest
nursery & biodiversity (4), and ThumroJuro.

Table 3.1.7: Tourism Resources and their Rank in Sirubari

S.N. Tourism resources Rank Respondents
1 Local culture 1 30%
2 Guest-host relationship 2 29%
3 Local livelihoods 3 17%
4 Forest nursery& biodiversity 4 13%
5 Thumro Juro 5 11%
Source: Field Survey, 2017

Use of Energy Source in Sirubari

In the present study, it is found that the use of alternative energy in the village is very high
leading by improved cook stoves and followed by solar cooker and biogas. Some households

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have more than one type of alternative energy whereas some have only one, it is also reported
that some households used kerosene stove as well. The type of alternative energy in the
survey households are given in the table below:

Table 3.1.8: Use of Energy Source in Sirubari

S.N. Types of alternative energy No. of Respondents percentage of respondents
1 Improved cook stove 25 43%
2 Solar Cooker 15 26%
3 Bio gas 10 18%
4 Others 7 13%
Total 57 100%
Sources: Field Survey, 2017

This table shows the number of respondent who use the alternative energy. There are 43% of
respondent use Improved cook stove. 20% of the population are use of solar cooker. 26% of
respondent are use Bio gas and 18% are absence.

Visitors Satisfied by the hospitality of villagers

Figure No. 3.1.1 below shows the satisfactions levels of tourist from hospitality provided by
villagers of Sirubari and out of 40 tourist 77.5% tourist fully satisfied from villagers
hospitality, 15% tourists are satisfied, 5% tourists are less satisfied and only 2.5% tourist
dissatisfied from villagers hospitality.

Figure No. 3.1.2 Satisfied by the hospitality of villagers

Source: field survey 2017

Tourist intension about revisit the place

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Figure No. 3.1.3 shows the tourist opinion about revisit the Sirubari village out
of 40 tourists 55% tourist opinion yes they wants to revisit the place,30% tourist
say they are not confirm but may be, 12.5% tourist not like to revisit the place
and they say no and 2.5% tourist not response their views.
Figure No. 3.1.3 Tourist intension about revisit the Sirubari village

Source: field survey 2017

Visitors satisfied with the homestay service of Sirubari village

Visitors satisfied with the high level from homestay service provide by villagers
of Sirubari Figure No. 3.3 shows that 57.5% visitors fully satisfied from
homestay service, 17.5% satisfied, 12.5% quite satisfied, 10 % less satisfied and
only 2.5% dissatisfied from homestay service.
Figure No. 3.1.4: Visitors satisfied with the homestay service of Sirubari village

visitors satisfied with homestay service

70.00 %

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00 %
Fully satisfied Satisfied Quite satisfied Less satisfied Dissatisfied
Percent 57.50% 17.50% 12.50% 10% 2.50 %

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Source: field survey 2017

Impact of Rural Tourism in Sirubari Village

In the rural region, economic and financial benefit of tourism was limited to the trekking
routes, other village outside the route ware left out of any benefit from the tourism activities.
And in these popular trekking routes the competition for business is heavy, price and profit
has very much gone down, very little of the earning is retained in the village. To overcome
this problem, concept of village tourism was developed in Nepal. Sirubari was one such
village out of trekking routes, residents of this village had seen the economic benefits of
tourism in villages in routes of trekking tourism. People in this village were proactive and
were lobbying with the Government authorities for inclusion of their village in tourism
sector. The Government did not have any tourism sector support mechanism at that time; it
was up the private business to develop Sirubari as tourism product. Group of tourism
entrepreneurs foresaw developing Sirubari as attractive tourism product a viable business
opportunity. They incorporated Nepal Village Resorts Pvt. Ltd. to develop and market
Sirubari as tourism destination.

More than 50% of receipt from the tourism was retained in the village. This was many folds
higher than the tourism receipt retained in the regular trekking routes. Several household
provided bed and other services to tourist guests, spreading the economic benefit. There were
no hotels or any other infrastructure created by outsider. There was no outside investment in
the village, all the guest beds and services were provided by the village residents and mostly
local products were used. There was less leakage of tourism earnings.

The local villagers were proactive; they were interested to bring tourism business in to their
village, so were more adoptive to new ideas and initiate actions. Tourism Development and
Management Committee (TDMC) was formed headed by the chief of local government. This
Committee had representative from Mothers Group, Fathers Group, Youth Club and other
groups. It developed rules and regulation on standards of guest rooms, hygiene, allocation of
guest rooms on rotational basis, quality of meals, snacks and all the activities of the guests.

The tourism product was developed as profitable business venture, no financial grants,
donation or subsidy were used. Therefore, no costly infrastructures were created. Guest
rooms created in existing house with little investment by the village households, sanitary and

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rubbish disposal of the village was done by the village government with active participant of
the villagers. So there were no external influence on the project and decisions were based on
profitability, sustainability, and benefits to the local community.

The developments of tourism have contributed substantially to the live of Sirubari population.
Village is clean and hygiene, sanitary and rubbish disposal system is in place. Village is now
connected with electricity and telephone connection. New dirt road has been built, now there
is no need to walk four hours to reach the village, other trails were developed, and
Community Hall and viewing tower has been constructed. Part of resources for these
development works came from district and central government, but seed money was
generated by profit from tourism. With participation of NGOs trainings and programmed
were implemented to improve life of the village people. Smokeless cooking stoves and biogas
plants were built reducing consumption of woods and improving life of villagers, vegetable
farming projects were implementing to supplement income of village residents.

Success of Sirubari Rural Tourism is also replicated in this project and several such model of
village tourism is developed. Home stay and village tourism similar to Sirubari is developed
by this programmed and marketed to target customers by Nepal Tourism Board.

Economic Impact

Although tourism can bring various benefits such as foreign exchange, employment, higher
government revenues and the transformation of agriculture into a modern service industry, it
can also damage many indigenous societies. It will create employment for the rural people
and generate income for them. The villagers will able to provide better food and education for
their children. They will have an additional source of income along with their agricultural
income.

Being first and typical practice village tourism is being successful at Sirubari. Among various
households, some households are practiced home-stay service. Those who has enough to
spend for decoration and sanitary only involve in home-stay practice. Below the table shows
the employment generation status at Sirubari by tourism activity.

Table 3.1.9: Response of Respondent about Employment Generation by Tourism.

S.N. Description no of Respondents Percent of Respondents
1 Yes 22 38%

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 2 No 30 53%
3 No response 5 9%
Tota 57 100%
l
Source: Field survey, 2016

Positive Economic Impact of Rural Tourism

It will create employment for the rural people and generate income for them. The villagers
will able to provide better food and education for their children. They will have an additional
source of income along with their agricultural income.

• Create employment especially for the rural youth.

• Income level will rise.
• Local products promotion.
• Generate foreign exchange.
• With the rise of income other measure of community like education, health etc will rise.
• The price of the land will rise.
• The expenditure on housing will increase.
• Demand for other goods and services will increase.
• Improvement in the public services.
• Generate revenue or the government.
• Modernization of agriculture and other rural activities.
• Local small businessman will be benefited.

Tourism helps to keep local craft industries alive, save the traditional weaving and wood
carving, generate employment and income, and develop infrastructures and number of
industries. It has multiplier effect on different dimensions of development.

Table 3.1.10: Direct Local Employment and Salary Pattern in 2016

Salary pattern No. of unskilled percent No. of skilled percent Total Percent
(Rs.per month) employees employees
Below Rs. 4000 12 17.14 8 14.03 20 15.74
4000-6000 18 25.71 12 21.05 30 23.62
6000-10000 15 21.71 19 33.33 34 26.77
above 10000 25 35.71 18 31.58 43 33.86
Total 70 100 57 100 127 100
Source: Household Survey: 2016

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Altogether 127 local employees have got employment opportunities. Above table reveals that
57 employees are skill and remaining 70 are unskilled working in different work in Sirubari
15.74% of local employees (skilled and unskilled) are getting below than 4000 (Rs) salary
per month, 23.62% are drawing 4000-6000 (Rs) salary per month, similarly 26.77% are
drawing 6000 to 10000 (Rs) salary per month, only 33.86 % of total local employees are
drawing above 10000 (Rs) salary per month

Negative Economic Impact of Rural Tourism

The economic benefits may go to urban communities and entrepreneurs. The rate of
economic return to rural communities has been low. The facilities provider and investors such
as resorts, hotels and tour operators will be mainly from cities; who will take away most of
the profits. Most the products consume will be imported from outside, not produced locally.
There is a chance that limited employment will be generated for the rural people due to their
limited knowledge and exposure. Leakage of tourism income and lack of coordination
between tourism activities and local production system are the examples of negative
economic impacts.

• The rural people can be exploited.

• The rural people have to depend on the urban entrepreneur, so the benefit may not reach them.
• The urban investor will take away most of the profit.
• Food, drink and necessary products will be imported from outside and not produced locally.
• Rural people may be under paid.
• Local artisan may not get benefited.
• Due to competition the local handicraft and farm produce products will be sold at lower price.
• Demand for luxury items will increase.
• Increase in the price of local agro products.
• Unequal tourism benefits.

Socio-cultural Impact

Since the income from tourism is much higher than what rural people can earn from
agriculture, tourism has been accepted willingly in many rural areas in spite of its negative
effects. It is widely recognized that such negative impacts on rural communities have become
stronger, and that rural tourism must be modified to give rural people its benefits. Poorly

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planned tourism can mean that villages are invaded by foreign visitors with different values,
disrupting rural culture. The higher standards of living in urban tourist destinations have
caused emigration from nearby rural neighbors, resulting in changes in the demographic

Structure and possible culture shock Furthermore, employment and education can have a
negative social impact. The younger generation may gain better prestige than their elders as
they gain experience, jobs and money from tourism.

Positive Socio-cultural Impact

The rural people will learn the modern culture. They will learn to come out of their traditional
values and beliefs. They will adopt different practice of modern society. Since the income
from tourism is much higher than what rural people can earn from agriculture and other allied
services.

• Increased awareness.
• Education and health of the rural community will improve.
• Provide higher standard of living or the rural people.
• Cultural understanding through fairs and festivals.
• Exchange of cultural beneficial for both.
• Foreign tourist will bring cultural change faster.
• Demand for education will increase.
• Reduce migration of rural people to urban areas.
• Market for agro products and handicrafts will develop in rural areas farmers and artisans
will develop a direct contact with the customers.

Negative Socio-cultural Impact

Tourism does not only create benefits but it brings along some negative impacts which can be
devastating if not managed properly and addressed in time. With the growth of tourism, the
negative impacts worldwide include loss of cultural integrity, environmental damages and
inflation. In a country like Nepal, where the cultural and social structure is still traditional and
intact, there is sensitivity to any negative influence from tourism. Poorly planned tourism can
affect the villagers. It can disrupt the rural culture. It may affect the traditional and cultural

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practices, agriculture and other allied activities. Negative impact of rural tourism is
following:

• Can create disharmony in development

• Modernization can affect their traditional values and cultural practices.
• Traditional products will be replace by modern products
• Traditional houses are replaced by modern buildings.
• Can increase the rate of crime
• Sexual harassment.
• Overcrowding in village.
• Rural people may shift from traditional business to tourism activities.
• Rural people try to copy tourist can affect their daily life.
• Decline in participation in rural traditional and cultural practices follows.

Environmental Impact

The rural people can learn to develop the healthy environment with proper sanitation, roads,
electricity, telecommunication etc for better living on one side on other side the tourist can
exploit natural resources and have a heavy impact on the environment.

Positive Environmental Impact

The rural people will learn how to lead healthy and hygienic life from the urban people
visitors.

• Biodiversity conservation.
• Infrastructure development will lead to healthy tourism.
• The impact of rural environment can improve the state of body and mind.
• Help in create and maintain the natural park.
• Learn the importance of preservation of natural resources.
• They will learn to develop healthy environment with proper sanitation, roads, electricity,
telecommunication, etc.
• They will learn to use modern tools and technology.
• They will learn to preserve the natural habitats, bio-diversity historical monuments.
• Waste management.

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Negative Environmental Impact

Similarly, the fragile mountain environment and deteriorating pristine natural environment
can also be very sensitive towards tourism as the growing number of tourists and their
demand for daily needs put pressure on natural resources. Acculturation of intact
tradition/culture and westernization can be attributed to the cultural erosion of Nepal whereas
depletion of natural resources, especially forest, wildlife and biodiversity, accumulation of
waste along trekking trails and destination community can be pointed to negative
environmental impacts.

The visitors may overexploit natural resources and it can have a heavy impact on the
environment. In addition, rural tourism will require infrastructure, transportation and other
facilities which can cause environmental distortion.

• Development of infrastructure may distort the natural beauty.

• Tourist activities like trekking and camping can cause environmental pollution.
• Huge number of visitors may exploit the natural resources
• Hunting can affect the wild life population.
• Natural ecology will be disturbed.
• Over population can spoil the scenic beauty.
• High rise building for tourist can spoil the scenic beauty.

Challenges and Opportunity of Rural Tourism in Sirubari

Opportunity of Rural Tourism

The opportunities derived from village tourism in Sirubari have been proved by the awards
gained by the village in various sectors: tourism, forestry, youth, and development sector.
Due to the high rating of youth involvement in village development the local youth club of
Sirubari won a national youth award in 1993. Likewise, the forest user group of Sirubari has
won the national forest conservation award in 1995. Sirubari village tourism project won the
Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) gold award in the heritage category at the 2001
PATA gold awards. Similarly, the government of Nepal has recognized Sirubari for its
contribution to sustainable mountain development at the local level. In this regard, the village

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has been awarded the International Mountain Development prize on the occasion of
International Mountain Day 2004(Thapa, 2005).

Tourism has provided the opportunity to maintain clean local environment, strong leadership,
ownership feeling etc. village tourism pays more attention towards the higher value of local
culture and traditional way of life. The tourism is based primarily on the local culture and
traditions. The economic impact of rural tourism is good in Sirubari. About 50% of the
tourism income is retained in the rural tourism is good in Sirubari. The charges for
international visitors are slightly higher than national visitors. There charges comprise of the
entire package of Sirubari including lodging, flooding, village tour, culture programmed,
welcome, and welcome and farewell procession, entry fee etc.

Tourism has provided the opportunity to maintain clean local environment, strong leadership,
ownership feeling etc. rural tourism pays more attention towards the higher value of local
culture and traditional way of life. The tourism is based primarily on the local culture and
traditions. Below the table shows the opportunity of tourism in Sirubari.

Table 3.1.11: Respondent Response towards Contribution of Tourism

S.N. Parameters Percentage
1. Income Generation 25%
2. Culture Restoration 30%
3. Env. Awareness 20%
4. Tangible Benefits 25%
Total 100%
Source: Field survey, 2016

This table shows the opportunity of rural tourism in Sirubari. Rural tourism contribution
income generation 25%. High opportunity is culture restoration. When tourist are come in
village in night arrange the cultural programmed and demonstration the Gurung culture. From
tourism activities environmental awareness increase in the people. Other tangible benefits
also gain this village form tourism.

Challenges of Rural Tourism

The major challenges are need to preserve the environment and natural resources, the need
for education, proper understanding for both tourists and local people, and the need to
generate a democratic movement which helps people at all levels to participate in tourism

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development. Also, they need to focus on occupation training, handicraft promotion, and
improvement of both the landscape and the basic infrastructure; to increase the villagers'
quality of life by creating a healthy environment. The major problem in rural area is that there
is very little opportunity for working. Most of them are engage in agriculture, some of them
in forestry, some of them are artisan. But none of their traditional business is remunerative.
Villagers are struggling with one or two earning members in the family and high
consumption expenditure. Due to some taboos and literacy most of them are not practicing
any method for population control. Big family low income and poverty are the major
problems in rural areas. Since there is very little scope for increase the earning in village they
start moving toward the cities, where they get some opportunity to earn. Today, rural
migration has become a major problem in Nepal.

Though the rural tourism has provided so much reputation of Sirubari village in the national
and international arena, it has its own challenges to move with bright future. Lesson from the
Sirubari experience shows that there is enough scope to promote rural tourism on other parts
of the country. This is because majority of the village are retaining their traditional, culture
and experiences which can be the resources for village tourism and are unique.

The major challenge to increase the reputation of Sirubari in the national and international
context is the marketing, promotion and extension. As I know from the informal discussion
that all of the visitors who came to Sirubari were coming from the related officer or
organization that are working in the field of conservation, tourism rural development and so
on. Due to the political instability and fluctuation in the country, it has been difficult to
collect the group tourists to be taken to Sirubari. Always, the group tourist has various
benefits over FIT. The FIT are also considered as the low budget tourists and are a source of
dumping tourism.

His Majesty's Government (HMG/N) does not have the specific plan and policies related to
the village tourism. This is the major issue in the policy level. Likewise, the present political
situation of Nepal is also harming for the development of such tourism. Until the year, 2057
B.S. the pattern of tourism development in Sirubari was increasing but the number of visitors
decline rapidly from the year 2058 B.S. because, from the year 2058 B.S. the country is
facing the emergency period. This has affected almost all of the economic activities including
tourism sector.

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The following points could be summarized as the challenges to attract more tourists in
Sirubari.

 Low population/thin community.

 Marketing and promotion.
 Developed form the supply side tourism market rather than the demand.
 Not all group of people are beneficial (only Gurung community)
 Lack of extension and promotion activities.
 Absence of village tourism policy.
 Not integration of skills and cultures of other caste.
 Current political situation.

Questionnaires survey was done with the 30 local people to identify the challenges faced by
rural tourism in Sirubari. The percentage of the people respondent to the various parameters
of challenges is given in the table below:

Table 3.1.12: Challenges Faced by Village Tourism in Sirubari

S.N. Parameters Percentage of response
1 Thin community 15%
2 Village tourism policy 20%
3 Current pol. situation 35%
4 Extension and promotion 30%
Total 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2016

Above table shows the challenges faced by rural tourism in Sirubari village. 15% of
respondents say the thin community, 20% of respondents say the Village Tourism Policy,
35% says the current political situation and 30% accept the Extension and promotion is the
challenge.

2. FINDINGS

The above analysis of the survey data was conducted to research the opinions and views
stated by the villagers and the tourist towards the community based village tourism so as to
identify the nature of impact on the community based village tourism program itself along
with the homestay operation activities. From the investigation the following major findings
have been found.

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• Most of the villagers around 72% engaged in the tourism businesses and happy to choose
this sector. Thus it shows that there is a positive impact of tourism on the local
community in various sectors, and only few, 16%, 8% and 4% respectively are involved
in other occupations likes farming and other jobs etc.
• 48% villagers motivated to do tourism business because they think that tourism is high
respected business and can help in personality development. Similarly 32% locals
motivate to choose this business because it is more income generating business and
thinks it can fulfillment their basic needs.
• 36% locals people of Sirubari village thinks that tourist most like the characteristic
Gurungs hospitality as like same 28% tourist like the historical settlements , 20% natural
beauty and just 16% likes the local handicrafts. Thus it shows that villager's hospitality is
very pleasant to attract tourist to their village.
• Since the starting of community-based village tourism at Sirubari village. The locals are
looking very sincere in accommodation facilities they people eager to provide tourist
service standard accommodation facilities for tourist. 52% villagers can accommodate 5
to 10 people at once in their home, 24% con accommodate 2 to 5 people, where 20% can
accommodate 10 to 15 tourists and only 4% can accommodate above 15 tourist. Thus day
by day villagers are improving their service standard and hospitality facilities. .
• There are various organizations working in the field of tourism development and in the
context of Nepal, 44% villagers think that NTB play a major role for tourism
development at community level in various field.
• As we know everything's have their own impact either positive or negative but here the
both impact of tourism we can see 48% villagers thinks that its create employment
opportunity where 32% people thinks that it is supportive in the cultural understanding as
like same under negative impact of tourism 48% people thinks its disturb the locals
culture where 44% thinks its direct impact to pollute environment of locals community.

• 72% villagers think that tourism can play the vital role in poverty reduction of
community level. As data shows if we create friendly environment for tourism it can
easily reduce the poverty of rural level. It also creates a big amount of employment
opportunity for local people and we can stop the youth migration from country to another
country.
• 78% and 65% tourist fully satisfied from nepali hospitality, cooperation and friendliness
toward tourist. It is a best result for villagers, policy maker and tourism promotion

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 organization to promote and invest in village tourism activities.in other way 55% tourist
likes to revisit the Sirubari village where 30% tourist say that they not confirm but may
be. It is also best result for villagers to grow their hospitality related business.
• 65% Nepalese tourist visit the Sirubari village where 12% from SAARC
region and 23% from rest of the word. Thus the siribari village is the
favourite destination for domestic as well as SAARC and other countries
tourist also.

Home stay concept is new activities in Nepal but it grew very fast in last few years and also
success to attract & satisfy the tourist. The study shows that 57.5% visitors fully satisfied
from homestay service, 17.5% satisfied, 12.5% quite satisfied, 10 % less satisfied and only
2.5% dissatisfied from homestay service.

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CHAPTER 2: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.
1. SUMMARY

Tourism is emerging as an important development opportunity and pressing to be recognized

as a priority development sector for least development countries like Nepal. Although the
earning from tourism is highly uncertain, fluctuated, due to social economic and political
disturbances, within the country and within the world, for a country like Nepal where is no
abundant resource, the tourism sector is expected to play an important role without any
negative impact. Nepal as a whole can receive more benefits from tourism than it is at present
tourism can be a means for development in area already rich natural and cultural resources. It
helps the natural and cultural heritage for both tourists and local inhabitants. Linkages
between rural areas and urban areas need to be established to create more possibilities for
distributing the benefits of tourism. Although the contribution of tourism for the development
of natural economy is significantly high, people of Nepalese rural area have yet not been able
to create much benefit from it. Very little benefit from tourism is distributed in or returns to
the population of rural communities. This study was carried out to assess the impact of rural
tourism on the development of rural communities. This researcher aims at to identify and
explore problem and prospect of rural tourism in Sirubari and analyze its role for economic
development i.e. employment and business. In addition, researcher also suggests the policy
makers for poverty alleviation through rural tourism in the study area. In this research,
exploratory and descriptive research designs are applied to meet above mentioned objectives.
Methodologies such as household survey using purposive sampling, field visit and FGD were
used in order to generating valid data and information. Both primary and secondary sources
of data collected for the quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Based on the study major finding are as below:

Different caste and ethnic groups are living in Sirubari village. According to Panchamul VDC
office there are Female population is 763 and male population is 782 and total house is 242.
Total population of this Area is 1545.

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The record keeping system at present contains little information an age, sex, occupation etc.
Based on the information provided by NVR and TDMC since, May 1997 to December 2013 a
total of 1913 tourist visited Sirubari village.

Tourist arrives for various purposes in the village; among them most of tourist come for
pleasure and relaxes. 29.74 percent tourist had come for pleasure and relaxes, during the
seventeen-year period 1997 to 2013. In this way, for village and culture purpose 26.08
percent visitors arrived in that period. Sightseeing visitors are 22.48 percent and 21.69
percent for recreation.

The Sirubari village attracts tourists from different countries as well as domestic tourists. The
selected for the study consists 75.95percent from domestic and 24.05 percent from abroad.
The largest share is occupied by Belgium 4.11percent. It is observed that 3.62 percent from
France, likewise 2.49 from German, 1.86 from Denmark and Holland and so on. Only 0.09
percent tourists were visited Sirubari from Norway and Austria, which is least number of
tourists

Sirubari village literate rate is76%. The number of literate of 6 to 15 years child is 231 and
illiterate are 8 person. The village 16-45 years people literate is 392 and literate is 38.
Likewise, 40-60 years 64 people are literate and 57 are illiterate. Above 60 years 20 people
are literal and 50 people are illiterate. Following table shows the status of literary in Sirubari
Village. Leaving the exception of today’s generation, almost aged people of Sirubari are
illiterate. There is a lack of education among old-aged women and high education dropout
rate among female students. On the basis of caste Brahaman are more educated than other
caste. There 8 male are PHD holders, 7 is Brahaman and 1 is in Gurung family. Number of
school of this VDC are 25. One is the Higher secondary school is Trishid Higher Secondary
School the opportunity of rural tourism in Sirubari. Rural tourism contribution income
generation 25%. High opportunity is culture restoration. When tourist are come in village in
night arrange the cultural programmed and demonstration the Gurung culture. From tourism
activities environmental awareness increase in the people. Other tangible benefits also gain
this village form tourism

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2. CONCLUSION

Thus, the study is able to show that Sirubari has basic infrastructure facilities, which shall be
upgraded. it also shows that it has tourism products to attract tourist in future. At present the
income generated from tourism is not satisfactory. the distribution of income from tourism is
not encouraging. Therefore, the way of tourism development shall be in community-based
village tourism. This is term will increase tourist revenue and will ascertain justifiable
distribution of revenue. It also will help the local community to drive the tourism activities in
a sustainable way. The development of tourism has negative as well and positive effects upon
the community but the local shall minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive
impacts. This we can say that Sirubari has wide and bright prospects of tourism development
which shall be actualized to increase the level of income of the locals. The Sirubari village is
mode of a highly appreciable community-based village tourist due to

1. High potential tourism areas.

2. Tourism potential is based on unique and supportive natural and cultural tourism
resources and is therefore area specific. Besides this starting point some guiding
principles were introduced for the analysis (i) sustainable use of resources (ii) target
group oriented (iii) faces on self-help (Iv) facilitating role of TDMC & NVR and nodal
points.

The Major Tourist activities carried out in Sirubari village are.

 Thumura Hill, Sightseeing bird watching, observation of culture, satisfied homely

environment
 Sirubari is rich in natural resource where large number of foreign visitor as well as
domestic visitors comes each year most preferred attractive of Sirubari in its natural
beauty
 Increasing the tourist arrivals have had several physical and socio-economic impacts in
popular tourist areas in Sirubari, vegetation, and degradation landscape change , increase
in surface run off slightly change in socio-cultural values etc. are the impact caused by
tourism.
 The services like guides physical, accommodation real Nepalese food dal baht, and local
agencies like TDMC, Ama Toli, Nawa Youth Club, social worker are able to satisfy
tourist well, NVR plays an effective role to pay information services but transportation

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 services, just now from Naudanda to Sirubari has constructed with grabbled road which
can provide vehicle service except rainy season.
 Hiking and Trekking Photography, sightseeing and many other types of recreational
activities found to be sufficient to satisfy visitor. Animal and bird watching and cultural
show require more improvement to satisfy Rural Tourism

Overall, the status of village tourism in Sirubari is satisfactory. The reputation maintained by
the village without the central level policy and support is very worthy to note. It is itself a
challenge to the government to maintain the village like Sirubari that is fit in all aspects of the
rural development and sustainable development.

3. RECOMMENDATIONS

Rural tourism is one of the important alternative sources for economic prosperity. Therefore,
tourism industry shall be developed in such a way that the national development and
distribution of income shall be satisfactory in order to avoid the future conflict among the
different stratums of the Nepali society. Due to the innovative and new concept of rural
tourism in the Nepalese tourism industry Sirubari has been the attraction for the practical
aspect of such tourism. Though rural tourism success in Sirubari it has several threats that
should be overcome to give it a bright future. After visiting rural tourism area “Sirubari", we
are here with some recommending measures which are expected to be helpful for the
promotion and initiation of rural tourism and overall development concept in Sirubari
Village.

Following are the recommendations given for the better management of the tourism in
Sirubari:

 Development of skilled manpower related to tourism.

 Strong linkages should be developed with city based travel agency and tour operators to
strengthen the marketing aspect of product. Because, the village tourism cannot be
sustained without the help and support of these agencies.
 Village tourism in Sirubari is practiced without any policies and guiding principle
therefore the formulation and implementation of these plan and policies is a dire need.
 Marketing to potential visitors.

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 Development of promotional materials, especially village tourism documentary in the
form of audio-visual. The study had found that the promotional and extensional activities
of village tourism be given i are very weak therefore, the focus should be given in this
part. Publication of information book might also be fruitful for this purpose.
 Preparation of tourism management plan, promotion of tourism and environmental
awareness programmed, and marketing of the village via internet or latest mode of
communication help to internationalize.
 There is so many villages with Gurung settlement like that Majhkateri and Darau this
village is neglected with rural tourism. In these villages' also can developed the rural
tourism activities.
 In the field visit I found that the narrow concept about the trekking route there is one-way
route. There could be made another route developed for the entertainment of tourist.
 Focus the local food instate of readymade food.

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Published by Nepal research group, Kathmandu.
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Study of Changu Narayan VDC). Unpublished thesis (Rural Development),
Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur.
Paudasaini, S. (2004). Tourism Impact in Ghandruk VDC. (A Project Report), Kirtipur.
CDRD, T.U.
Paudel, S.B. (2000). Tourism in SAARC Ph.D Thesis, BHU, India
Puri, Udhav (2007). Tourism in Nepal. Taleju Parkashan, Bhotahity, kathmandu.
'Rural Tourism features' – UNDP, DIFD. NEPAL by Tourist Service Center, Brikutimandap,
Kathmandu.
Satyal, Y.R. (1998). Tourism in Nepal. A Profile. Vanarasi: Nath Publishing House.
Satyal.Y. R. (1999). Tourism In Nepal. A Profile, Adroit Publichers Yamuna Vihar, Delhi.
Satyal, Yajna Raj, (2000, Revised ). Tourism in Nepal. A profile, New Delhi: Adroit
Publishers.
Sharma B. & Kharel S. (2011). Rural Tourism. New Hira Books Enterprises, Kritipur,
Kathmandu.
Sharma, Prem (2008). 'Vision and Mission of Village Tourism' – VIToF- Nepal/NTB
Publication.
Shrestha, P.M. (1997), "Policy Perspective and Visit Nepal Year 1998", NATA 11th National
Convention, Kathmandu.
S. M. Jha, (1999). Tourism Marketing. Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai
Swarbrooke, John. (2000 Reprint). Sustainable Tourism Development. Willingo Frd: CAB
International.

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Thapa, K. (2005). Challenges and Opportunities of Village Tourism in Sirubari. B.Sc. Thesis,
School of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Pokhara
Univeristy, Kathmandu.
Upadhyay, Rudra (2007). Rural Tourism to Create Equitable and Growing Economy in
Nepal.
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Development Committee, Syangja.
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www.welcomenepal.com.np 2069/04)

APPENDICES/ANNEXURE
a) Sirubari village from bird eye view

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QUESTIONNAIRE/S, IF ANY
Annex – 1
Questionnaire for local people
(A) Personal Status

Name : Age:

Sex : Occupation:

Number of family member: Education:

Address: Religion: Cast:

(B) Questionnaire

1. What occupation do you have implemented?

1. Agriculture 2. Job 3.Business 4.Other

2. What is your annual remuneration?

1. Lowest than 20,000 2.Rs.20, 000-40, 0003.Rs.

3. Rs40, 000-60,000 4.Higher then 70,000

3. What is annual expenditure?

1. Less than 20,000 2. Rs. 20,000-40,000

3. Rs. 40,000-60,000 4. Higher then 70,000

4. How many times does it take to eat food by your agriculture?

1.12 months 2. 7-12 months 3. More than 7 month

5. What are your possibilities of tourism in this area?

1. Very good 2. Normal 3. Bad

6. What do you know about rural tourism?

1. Yes 2. No

7. What should be the role of rural tourism in this village?

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 1. Government 2. Local body 3.NGo 4.All

8. Can you give the shelter and food for tourist by taking money?

1. Yes 2. No

9. Is the role of community committee is necessary for holistic

Development of tourist?

1. Yes 2. No

10. Can you give your contribution and commitment for the protection?

And promotion of natural resources beyond any religious, cast, political thoughts?

1. Yes 2. No

11. If you are willing to do then what will you does?

1. Labor contribution 2. Cash amount

12. Are you ready to take the training for tourist development?
1. Yes 2. No
13. Do you want to participate actively to provide the help for tourist?
1. Yes 2. No
14. Do you think that district level government and NGO will help for
The development of rural tourism?
1. Yes 2. No
15. Dou you think that from the help of rural tourism, can it contribute to
Poverty alleviation?
1. Yes 2. No
16. Are you satisfied but the governmental strategies for uplifting the
Tourism development?
1. Yes 2. No
17. Is there any suggestion and comments for promoting the tourism?
………………………………………………………………..

Date: Place:
Thanks:

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 Annex – 2
Check Lists used for Group Discussion
1. How do you perceive coming of tourism/ in your village?
2. Do you think tourism/visitors stay a home is beneficial for your family?
3. How do you manage accommodation at home?
4. Did you fell tourist/visitors happy staying with family?
5. Have you faced any problems during their stay?
6. Are you willing to cooperate in tourism promotion in your village?
7. What could be the impacts (social, economic and environmental) of tourism in your
village?
8. What are your family and your community responsibility to host tourist your village?
9. Do you think all members can get benefit equally? How do you share benefit?
10. What sort of things do you wish to improve to attract tourists/ visitors in your village?

-:x:-

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Text writing Format
Top margin ( 1”)

Left margin Right margin

(1.25”) (0.75”)

Bottom margin (1”)

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Guidelines for layout and format of project report

1. Paper size: A4 white paper

2. Preliminary pages should be numbered: i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, etc. A page number should
not be shown on the title page even though it is counted as i.
3. Margins should be maintained on all pages as follows:
i. Left margin = 1.25” (wider for binding)
ii. Top margin = 1”
iii. Right margin =0.75”
iv. Bottom margin = 1”
4. Page number should be placed at the bottom, center or bottom, right of page.
5. For labeling of Chapters and Sections follow the systematic order:
a. Chapter 1
i.Section 1
1. Sub-section 1
2. Sub-section 2, etc.
ii. Section 2
iii. Section 3, etc.
b. Chapter 2
c. Chapter 3
d. Chapter 4
e. Chapter 5
6. Use 1.5line spacing for all text in the main body of the report.
7. Use Times New Roman (12 point size), or Arial (11 point size) fonts, for each
8. Chapter heading 16, sub-heading 14 (bold)
9. Label Appendices or Annexes as: A, B, C, etc.; and give name (title) to each.
10. Label figures captions at the bottom of the figure and according to the chapter it
appears in such as, Figure1.1, Figure 1.2, Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2, Figure 3.1, etc.
11. Label table headings at the top of the table and according to the chapter it appears in,
similar to the figures, e.g., Table 1.2, Table 2.1, Table 2.2, etc.
12. Cite references in the text of project report accordingly to the convention:
a. “author’s last name (date)”- in case there is only one author
b. “Last name of first author” and “last name of second author” (date) – in case of
two authors
c. “ Last name of first author” et al. (date) – in case of multiple authors
13. List references alphabetically and using correct citations for books, journal articles
and conference/seminar proceedings as shown in the examples (following pages).
14. If more than one reference of the same author exists then the references with the same
author should be listed chronologically according to publishing date (year).
15. If more than one of the same author’s publications exist in the same year b(date), then
use suffixes a, b, c, etc, after the publication year (e.g., 1998a; 1998b; etc.)

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 Bibliography writing Format for example:

Books by single author

Bhatia A.K. (2010), Tourism Development: Principles and Practice. New Delhi: Sterling
Publishers Private Limited

Book by two authors

Boniface, B.G. and Cooper, C. P. (1987), The Geography of Travel and Tourism.
London: Heinemann

Book by more than two authors

Okumus, F., Alttinay, L. and Chotholth, P. K. (eds.). (2010). Strategic Management for
Hospitality and Tourism, British: Butterworth-Heinemann

Corporate Author

CBS, (2011). Statistical Year Book of Nepoal 2011. Kathmandu: CBS

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 Evaluation Sheet
Project Report
Bachelor in Travel and Tourism Management (BTTM)

Data Conclusion
Topic
Roll. Methodology presentation and Presentation/
SN Name selection Total 40%
No 10% and Analysis Recommen Viva 10%
5%
10% dation 5%
(5 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (5 marks) (10 marks) (40 marks)

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