LABORATORY RECORD

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

Experiment No: 08

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

Simulate the process of Pulse code modulation.

DATE OF LAB SESSION: 30 / 11 / 2020

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05 / 12 / 2020

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY, ODISHA
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

Simulate the process of Pulse code modulation.

THEORY:

Pulse code modulation is a method that is used to convert an analog signal into a digital

signal so that a modified analog signal can be transmitted through the digital communication
network. PCM is in binary form, so there will be only two possible states high and low (0 and
1). We can also get back our analog signal by demodulation. The Pulse Code Modulation
process is done in three steps Sampling, Quantization, and Coding. There are two specific
types of pulse code modulations such as differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and
adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM).

Fig:1 Block Diagram of Transmitter System of Pulse Code Modulation

To get a pulse code modulated waveform from an analog waveform at the transmitter end
(source) of a communications circuit, the amplitude of the analog signal samples at regular
time intervals. The sampling rate or a number of samples per second is several times the
maximum frequency. The message signal converted into the binary form will be usually in the
number of levels which is always to a power of 2. This process is called quantization.

This above block diagram describes the whole process of PCM. The source of the continuous-
time message signal is passed through a low pass filter and then sampling, Quantization,
Encoding will be done.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY, ODISHA
MATLAB Code for Pulse Code Modulation:

clc;
clear all;
close all;

f=2;
fs=20*f;
t=0:1/fs:1;
a=2;
x=a*sin(2*pi*f*t);
x1=x+a;
q_op=round(x1)
encode=de2bi(q_op,'left-msb')
decode=bi2de(encode,'left-msb')
xr=decode-a
plot(t,x,'r',t,xr,'b')
xlabel('time')
ylabel('amplitude')
title('original message signal','recover message signal')

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS:

Fig:2 Results of Pulse Code Modulation

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY, ODISHA
 Fig:3 Results of Pulse Code Modulation

CONCLUSION:
In this experiment we perform Pulse code modulation in which, we observe that the
Quantization level of input signal can be change by changing the value of sampling frequency,
while there is another method too i.e., we have to take some loop (if else case) instead of
rounding the quantizing value.
To keep the quantization error small relative to the message signal level, use smaller
quantization steps.

Name of student: Chandani Kumari

Registration no: 1801227173
Roll no: ET180054

E-Signature of the student

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY, ODISHA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY, ODISHA