1.

Determine in advance how specific

behaviours relate to the target. Its starts
with a vivid definition of the trait,

2. then followed by list of student behaviours

and actions are identified initially by listing
what the students with positive and negative
behaviours and say.

3. Classify those and create a separate list of

the positive student behaviours and another
list for the negative student behaviours.

4. After the list of behaviors has been

developed, the teacher needs to decide
whether to use an informal, unstructured
observation or a formal one and structured

Development

Teacher
Characteristics
Observation
Types

Teacher observation is
 Both positive and negative behavior were
one of the essential tools
record
for formative assessment.  There is no personal bias
It is systematic  Keep interpretation separate from
observations to record description
student behaviour that  Apply a simple and efficient procedure
indicates the presence of  It determine behaviors to be observed in
targeted affective traits. advance

Unstructured
Structured

Structured observation is different from unstructured Unstructured observation is

observation in terms of preparation needed as well as more realistic, which means
in the way observation is recorded. In structured teachers can record everything
observation, more time is needed since checklist or they have observed and are not
rating forms are to be made since it will be used to limited by what is contained in
record observations. The form is generated from a list a checklist or rating scale.
of positive and negative behaviors to make it easy and
convenient in recording.
RUBRIC

Category Very Good (5) Good (3) Poor (1)

Accuracy All concepts are correct Most concepts shown Many concepts is wrong
and accurately are accurate but a few and inappropriately
described concept are off-base connected
Connection and The concept map is The concept map is The concept map is not
Organization of ideas well organized and somehow organized. organized. There is no
show the connection of Many concepts only relation between the
the topic and subtopic connect to one or two topic and subtopic
clearly other concept
Lay out Exceptionally attractive Acceptably attractive Distractingly messy or
and particularly neat in but may be messy at very poorly designed.
design and layout times and/or show lack
of organization
 Teacher
Observation

Unstructured Structured

PREPARATION/ preparation needed as well as

teachers can record in the way observation is
ACTUAL SIZE
everything they have recorded and more time is
observed needed since checklist or
rating forms are to be made
since it will be used to record

It provides rich/detailed
data and unexpected
behaviors are still included
ADVANTAGE The recording of data is
much easier and more
systematic and easier to
analyze and compare

Difficult to analyse and hard

toreplicate Less efficient and can
DISADVANTAGE reduce validity