Energy Conservation Opportunities 249

Figure 15-1. Inspecting firing chamber.

inspection of the tubes, install a thermometer in the exhaust stack

and keep a daily log. If the stack gas temperature rises above
normal, it means that the tubes are dirty and need cleaning. The
length of time between cleaning varies with the type of burner,
the type of fuel used and the burner adjustment. However, if
there’s heavy sooting within a short period of time after cleaning
the tubes, it probably means that the fuel-to-air ratio is incorrect.
In other words, there is too much fuel and not enough air. If this
is the case, the burner needs adjustment.

Linkages, Tube Sheets, Gaskets, Refractory and Stack

Check the burner and air damper linkages for tightness.
Watch as the linkage moves back and forth. If there’s any jerking
motion or slippage this will need to be corrected. Check for white
streaks or deposits at the ends of the tube sheets. The white
streaks mean that the tube ends are leaking and a re-rolling of the
tubes may be needed. Check for any leaking gaskets around
doors, handholds, or manholes (Figure 15-2). At least once a year,
250 HVAC Fundamentals

wash down and check the refractory surfaces for loose, cracked,
broken or missing tiles. Replace or repair as instructed by the
boiler manufacturer. Inspect the stack. It should be free of haze. If
not, it indicates that a burner adjustment is needed.

Water Level Controls

On steam boilers the low water cutoff and water column
should be blown daily to remove the solids. Additionally, the low
water cutoff should be checked under operating conditions at
least once a week. To do this, turn off the feedwater pump and let
the system operate as normal. Watch the gauge glass and mark
the glass at the precise level where the low water cutoff shuts off
the boiler. This is now a reference point. The cutoff control should
shut down the boiler at the same water level each time. If it
doesn’t, the controls may need to be replaced. On water boilers,
check the low water cutoff periodically by manually tripping the
control.

Figure 15-2. Inspecting Tubes and Doors