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LEC01 Introduction PDF
LEC01 Introduction PDF
LEC01 Introduction PDF
Lecture 1
Introduction to Communication Systems
I Analog Signal is a signal that can take on any amplitude and is well-defined at
every time.
I Discrete-time Signal is a signal that can take any amplitude but is defined only
at a set of discrete times.
I Digital Signal is a signal whose amplitude can take on only a finite set of
values, normally two, and is defined only at a discrete set of times.
I Is one of the fundamental parameters which control the rate and quality of
transmitted information.
I Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a
continuous band of frequencies.
I Channel bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies the channel can transmit
with reasonable Fidelity.
I The rate (speed) of information transmission is directly related to channel
bandwidth.
I Every signal is composed of a large number of sinusoidal waves of different
amplitude and frequencies
I The bandwidth of the signal is determined by the maximum frequency
component.
∫
1 T /2 T1 1
a0 = x(t)dt = =
T −T /2 T 2
∫ T /2
1 1 nπ
an = x(t) cos(nw0 t)dt = sin( )
T −T /2 nπ 2
∫ T /2
1
bn = x(t) sin(nw0 t)dt = 0
T −T /2
LdB
Pt
LdB = 10 ∗ 2 = 20 dB =⇒ = 10 10 = 100 =⇒ Pr = 10−2 Pt
Pr
LdB
Pt
LdB = 20 ∗ 2 = 40 dB =⇒ = 10 10 = 10000 =⇒ Pr = 10−4 Pt
Pr
Determine the free space path loss for a signal transmitted at 1 MHz over a
distances of 10 Km and a 20 Km.
( 4πd )2
L=
λ ( 4πd )2 ( 4πd ) c
LdB = 10 Log = 20 Log λ=
λ λ f
4 ∗ π ∗ 10000
LdB = 20 ∗ Log( ) = 52.44 dB =⇒ L = 105.244 = 175388
300
1
Pr = ∗ Pt = 5.7 ∗ 10−6 Pt
175388
4 ∗ π ∗ 20000
LdB = 20 ∗ Log( ) = 58.46 dB =⇒ L = 105.846 = 701455
300
1
Pr = ∗ Pt = 1.43 ∗ 10−6 Pt
701455
Communication systems Introduction UoD – ECE Dept. 2019 - 2020 21/ 22
Problems of Communication