Chapter 7

1) The Expansion Tank :

From Table (7-1) choose the capacity of the tank.

2) Natural Circulation Systems :

Δ P=gh( ρc −ρ h)

g : is the local acceleration due to gravity.

h : is the difference in height between boiler and radiators.
ρc : is the density of the water in the cold column (return line).
ρh : is the density of the water in the hot column (supply line).

3) The Mass Flow Rate Of The Hot Water :

˙ Qr
m=
41.86

Qr : is the heat required to be delivered by the room radiator in kW.

4) The Equivalent length :

EL=1.5 × Lmax

Lmax : Maximum length in the pipe system.

5) Boiler Heating Capacity :

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
Q b=1.10× Q t or Q b=1.15 ×Q t

˙
Q t =Heating Load + Domistic Hot Water Load
6) The mass flow rate of fuel consumed in the boiler :

˙
Q
mf =
ηCV

Q : Boiler capacity kW.

η : Boiler efficiency.
CV : Calorific value of fuel kJ/kg.

7) The Mass Flow Rate Of Combustion Gases :

˙ ˙
m g =m f ×25.2 kg of flue gases per one kg /s of fuel

8) Boiler Chimney :
˙
m
Ac = g
ρg v
Ac : Chimney Area.
mg : Mass flow rate of combustion gases.
ρg : combustion gases density.
v : average velocity, which ranges from 3 to 5 m/s for natural draft boilers.

9) Diameter Chimney :

π 2
Ac = D
4 c