Sakshi Baheti Pre lab-9

18110032 20 June’2020
VAPOR PRESSURE OF LIQUID

Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to establish a relationship between the Vapour Pressure of a
liquid and its Temperature by evaluating the various constants associated with the Vapour
Pressure equation. The calculated Vapor Pressure and Temperature data are used to determine
the latent heat of vaporisation of pure substances with the help of the Clausius-Clapeyron
equation.

Introduction
For any pure solution, at any Temperature, equilibrium is established between the vapour phase
and the liquid phase of the solution. For a vapour-liquid equilibrium of any substance, the
relationship between the Vapor Pressure, Temperature and Chemical Potential in both the
phases is given by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The equation is as given below

d(lnP ) ΔH v
d(1/T ) = −RΔz v
Here, ΔH v is the enthalpy of vaporisation, and z is the compressibility factor given as
Δz v = z vapor − z liquid
The above equation can be integrated several times to obtain different Vapor Pressure
estimations and correlation equations. Now, here if we consider ΔH
Δz v
v
to be a constant, then
integrating the above equation, we get
B
ln P = A − T
ΔH v
Here T is the Temperature in Kelvin and A, B are constants, where B is given as RΔz v

Further modifying this equation, we get Antoine’s equation, which is given as follows-

B
ln P = A− T +C
Here, T (Temperature) is in degree Celsius and A, B, C are the constants. In this equation,
Δz v ​is taken as 1 and ΔH v can be determined from the slope of ln P versus (1/T) graph.
The Vapor Pressure versus Temperature relations and the corresponding calculation of latent
heat of vaporisation become helpful while designing processes in Chemical Industries. These
relations can be further used to determine the amount of heat that is to be added to reach to a
particular Pressure at a given temperature, the maximum amount of heat that can be added so
that the vessel does not blow off because of excessive Pressure and thus we can make the
system efficient by minimizing losses.

References:
1. Lab Manual
2. http://www.bellevuecollege.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/140/2014/06/Exp6_Vapor_pre
ssure_editGFPS.pdf
3. https://www.vernier.com/experiment/cwv-10_vapor-pressure-of-liquids/
4. https://web.nmsu.edu/~snsm/classes/chem435/Lab1/