Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

EXPERIMENT – 1

Date​: 13/08/2020
AIM​: Design and implement voltage to voltage converter having gain of 11.4 using both
non-inverting and inverting configuration.

APPRATUS​: IC LM 741,DC voltage Supply ,Resisters, DMM, Breadboard, Connecting wires

etc.

THEORY​:
Operational amplifiers are linear devices that have all the properties required for nearly
ideal DC amplification and are therefore used extensively in signal conditioning, filtering,
or to perform mathematical operations such as add, subtract, integration and
differentiation.

(I) Non-Inverting Configuration

In this configuration, the input voltage signal, ( VIN ) is applied directly to the non-inverting ( + ) input
terminal which means that the output gain of the amplifier is positive.
Feedback control of the non-inverting operational amplifier is achieved by applying a small part of the
output voltage signal back to the inverting ( – ) input terminal via a Rƒ –
R2 voltage divider network, again producing negative feedback. This closed-loop configuration
produces a non-inverting amplifier circuit with very good stability, a very high input impedance, Rin
approaching infinity, as no current flows into the positive input terminal, (ideal conditions) and a low
output impedance, Rout as shown below.
Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

(II) Inverting Configuration

In this ​Inverting Amplifier​ circuit the operational amplifier is connected with feedback to
produce a closed loop operation. When dealing with operational amplifiers there are two
very important rules to remember about inverting amplifiers, these are: “No current flows
into the input terminal” and that “V1 always equals V2”. However, in real world op-amp
circuits both of these rules are slightly broken.
Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

(i)Non-Inverting Configuration

(ii) Inverting Configuration:

CALCULATIONS​ :
(i)Non-Inverting Configuration:

Gain for Non-Inverting Configuration is given as :

Gain = ( 1 + R2/R1)

For two stage,

Gain of first stage G1 = (1 + R2/R1) Gain

of second stage G2 = (1 + R4/R3) G1 = (
1 + 2k/1k) = 3
Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

G2 = ( 1 + 2.8k/1k) = 3.8

So total gain G= G1 * G2 = 3 * 3.8 = 11.4,

Which is what is required as per the aim of the experiment.

So VOUT = 11.4 * VIN .

(ii) Inverting Configuration:

Gain for Non-Inverting Configuration is given as :

Gain = (- R2/R1)
For two stage,

Gain of first stage G1 = (- R2/R1) Gain

of second stage G2 = (- R4/R3) G1 = (
- 2k/1k) = -2

G2 = ( - 5.7k/1k) = -5.7

So total gain G= G1 * G2 = -2 * 5.7 = 11.4,

Which is what is required as per the aim of the experiment. So VOUT = 11.4 * VIN

SIMULATION RESULT:
(i)
Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

(ii)

OBSERVATION TABLE​:
1. Non-Inverting Configuration

Output Voltage Output Voltage (Practical)

Serial No. Input voltage (Volt)
(Theoretical) (Volt) (Volt)
1 0.1 1.14 1.14
2 0.2 2.28 2.27
3 0.3 3.42 3.41
4 0.4 4.56 4.55
5 0.5 5.7 5.69
6 0.6 6.84 6.83
7 0.7 7.98 7.97
8 0.8 9.12 9.11
9 0.9 10.26 10.26
10 1.0 11.4 11.40
11 1.1 12.54 12.05
12 1.2 13.68 12.05
13 1.3 14.82 12.05
14 1.4 15.96 12.05
15 1.5 17.1 12.05
16 1.6 18.24 12.05
17 1.7 19.38 12.05
18 1.8 20.52 12.05
19 1.9 21.66 12.05
20 2.0 22.8 12.05
Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

2. ​Inverting Configuration
Output Voltage Output Voltage
Serial No. Input voltage (Volt)
(Theoretical) (Volt) (Practical) (Volt)
1 0.1 1.14 1.14
2 0.2 2.28 2.27
3 0.3 3.42 3.41
4 0.4 4.56 4.55
5 0.5 5.7 5.69
6 0.6 6.84 6.83
7 0.7 7.98 7.97
8 0.8 9.12 9.11
9 0.9 10.26 10.26
10 1.0 11.4 11.40
11 1.1 12.54 12.05
12 1.2 13.68 12.05
13 1.3 14.82 12.05
14 1.4 15.96 12.05
15 1.5 17.1 12.05
16 1.6 18.24 12.05
17 1.7 19.38 12.05
18 1.8 20.52 12.05
19 1.9 21.66 12.05
20 2.0 22.8 12.05

(I) Non Inverting Configuration:

Rajvi Shah (U17EC017) Electronics Instrumentation Lab

(II) Inverting Configuration:

CONCLUSION: ​In this experiment we designed and implemented two stage voltage amplifier having
overall gain of 11.4. We designed for both inverting and non-inverting configuration and later
compared theoretical and practical output voltage values.