Lahore School of Aviation

The University of Lahore

Assignment Topic

Icao conventions on security

PROGRAM: BSAM SEMESTER & SECTION:

7-C
COURSE: AVIATION SECURITY REG NO: 70072536

INSTRUCTOR: ADNAN KASHIF NAME: MUNEEB UL HAQ

 Remarks:_____________________________________________________________________

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Marks: / 10

Instructor’s Signature

Aviation security
Aviation security refers to measures taken to keep aircraft and their passengers and crew
safe. Aviation security has existed throughout most of the history of aviation. But various
events throughout history have led to heightened security for those traveling on board
aircraft.
Following the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States, security was heightened
worldwide. Most countries introduced a ban on carrying liquids in 2006. Over the years,
experts have tried best to determine the best ways to enhance the security of air travel, and
what items to permit.
 
Provisions for international aviation security were first disseminated as  ANNEX 17 to the
Chicago Convention in 1944, and since then have been improved and updated 16 times. The
10th edition of Annex 17, which contains the 16th amendment to the Annex, became
applicable on 16 November 2018. With the advent of ANNEX 17, ICAO began providing
States with guidance material to assist with the implementation of international security
measures, the primary document being the Aviation Security Manual (Doc 8973)

Conventions
Various conventions in the history of aviation have contributed to the evolution of aviation
security. These conventions defined rules and guidelines that impose obligations on the
participating states to implement aviation security norms and punish any crime against
civil aviation.
 The conventions that are related to aviation security are listed and explained below:

Chicago Convention (Document no. 7300)

 The need to ensure the security of civil aviation was first recognized at the Chicago
convention.
 The Convention was signed by 52 states on 7 December 1944 in Chicago, Illinois,
U.S., and came into effect on 4 April 1947.
 The Chicago Convention, comprises 96 articles outlining general principles and providing
authority for international aviation structures

 The Chicago Conference laid the foundation for the establishment of the
International Civil Aviation Organization [ICAO]. The formation of Icao give the security
manual that comprises practices to Ensure the safety, security against unlawful interference

 The Document is supported by 19 annexes which detail Standards and

Recommended Practices covering all aspects of aviation.

Tokyo Convention (Document no. 8364)

 It was held on 14 September 1963 at Tokyo
 Commonly known as the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on
Board Aircraft,
 It is comprised of 26 articles
 The objectives of the Tokyo Convention cover a variety of subjects, with the intention of
providing safety in aircraft, protection of life and property on board, and generally
promoting the security of civil aviation. 
 Article 11 of Tokyo convention deals with the seizure of the aircraft
 Unlawful seizure is the legal name that states at the international level
have given to aircraft hijacking. Thus, Tokyo Convention obliges contracting
states to take all appropriate measures to restore control of an aircraft
hijacked in flight to its lawful commander.

Hague Convention (Document no. 8920)

 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, also known as hijacking
convention
 It was held on 16 December 1970 at Hague (Netherlands)
 It contains 14 articles
 In response to a wave of hijackings that began in 1968, the 1970 Hague Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft was concluded in an effort to prevent
hijackers from finding immunity in any of the contracting states.

Montreal Convention 1971 (Document no. 8966)

 The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil
Aviation (sometimes referred to as the Sabotage Convention or the Montreal Convention)
 It was held on 23 September 1971 at Montreal
 It contains 16 articles
 Article 1 comprises of unlawful act as Any person commits an offence if he unlawfully and
intentionally:
(a) performs an act of violence against a person on board
An aircraft in flight if that act is likely to endanger the safety of that
Aircraft; or
(b) destroys an aircraft in service or causes damage to such
An aircraft which renders it incapable of flight or which is likely to
Endanger its safety in flight; or
(c) places or causes to be placed on an aircraft in service,
By any means whatsoever, a device or substance which is likely to
Destroy that aircraft, or to cause damage to its which renders it
Incapable of flight, or to cause damage to its which is likely to
Endanger its safety in flight; or
(d) destroys or damages air navigation facilities or
Interferes with their operation, if any such act is likely to endanger
The safety of aircraft in flight; or
(e) communicates information which he knows to be false.

Montreal Convention 1988 (document no. 9518)

 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil
Aviation 

 It was held on 24 February 1988 at Montreal

 It contains 9 articles
 This protocol supplements the Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 23 September 1971

 THIS PROTOCOL CONSIDERING that unlawful acts of violence which endanger or Are likely
to endanger the safety of persons at airports serving international Civil aviation or which
 jeopardize the safe operation of such airports Undermine the confidence of the peoples of the
world in safety at such airports

Montreal Convention 1991 (Document no. 9571)

 The Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 
 It was held on march 1 1991 at Montreal
 It contains 16 articles
 The Convention requires each State Party to prohibit and prevent the manufacture in its
territory of unmarked plastic explosives. The Convention also requires each State Party to
prohibit and prevent the movement into or out of its territory of unmarked explosives and
to exercise strict and effective control over the possession of any existing stocks of
unmarked explosives.

Beijing Convention (Document no. 9960)

 The Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation)
 It was held on 10 September 2010 at Beijing.
 It contains 25 articles
 Parties that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise using civil aircraft as a weapon and
using dangerous materials to attack aircraft or other targets on the ground. The illegal transport
of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons is also criminalised under the Convention.