FOUNDATION COURSE II

PROJECT

NAME & ROLL NO:

VINITA - 271
KASHMIRA - 272
MANALI KOTWANI - 273
ASHWINI - 275

STANDARD: S.Y. B.COM

DIVISION: C

TOPIC: NOISE POLLUTION

SUMITTED TO: PROF. MANI IYER

 INDEX
INDRODUCTION

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

MEASURES TTO CONTROL NOISE

POLLUTION

BIBLOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
 What is noise?
In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form of energy which is emitted by a
Vibrating body and on reaching the ear causes the sensation of hearing through nerves.
Sounds produced by all vibrating bodies are not audible. The frequency limits of audibility
rre from 20 HZ to 20,000 HZ
A noise problem generally consists of three inter-related elements- the source, the
receiver and the transmission path. This transmission path is usually the atmosphere
through which the sound is propagated, but can include
the structural materials of any
building containing the receiver.
Noise may be continuous or intermittent. Noise may
be of high frequency or of low
frequency which is undesired for a normal hearing. For
example, the typical cry of a child
produces sound, which is mostly unfavorable to normal hearing. Since it is unwanted
sound, we call it noise.
The discrimination and differentiation between sound and noise also depends upon the
habit and interest of the person/species receiving it, the ambient conditions and impact of
the sound generated during that particular duration of time. There could be instances that,
excellently rendered musical concert for example, may be
felt as noise and exceptional
music as well during the course of the concert!

 What is noise pollution?

 Noise pollution is a category of energy pollution in which off-putting, infuriating, or harmful
sounds are

without restraint capable of being heard. As with other forms of energy pollution such as heat
and light pollution, noise pollution contaminants are not substantial particles, but to a certain
extent waves that get in the way with naturally-occurring waves of similar type in the same
surroundings. Thus, the explanation of noise pollution is
open to dispute, and there is no clear boundary as to
which sounds may add up to noise pollution.

In the narrowest common sense, sounds are well

thought-out noise pollution if they unfavorably have an
effect on natural world, human activity, or are
competent of destructive physical structures on a
customary, repeating starting point. In the broadest
sense of the expression, a sound may be painstaking noise pollution if it disturbs any ordinary
course of action or causes human harm, even if the sound does not take place on a habitual basis.
Prolonged introduction to noise levels higher than eighty-five decibels can damage inner ear
cells and show the way to hearing loss

The customary starting place of fake noise pollution is from transportation. In rural areas,
train and airplane noise can upset natural world way of life, thereby affecting the manner in
which animals in areas around train tracks and airports hunt and mate. In urban areas,
automobile, motorcycle, and even amusement noise can cause sleep interference in humans and
animals, hearing loss, heart disease as a result of stress, and in ruthless cases even mental flux.
Even low levels of noise can be maddening or
annoying. Sudden increases in volume can make
sounds aggravating – this is why sirens are so
disturbing. The quieter the environment, the
sharper a noise can be. As noise levels have
risen, the sound effects of noise have become
plainer as the nose on your face.
 Although most urbanized nations have government agencies in charge for the safeguard
of the ambiance, no nation has a single body that regulates noise pollution. Transportation noise
is more often than not regulated by the related transportation ministry, health-related work noise
is often keeping pace by health ministries and worker’s unions, and entertainment noise such as
loud music is a against the law crime in many areas. As the bodies to blame for noise pollution
reduction usually view noise as an annoyance rather than a trouble, and dropping that noise time
and again hurts the industry economically, little is at present being done to trim down noise
pollution in urbanized countries.

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

 Noise pollution like other pollutants is also a by- product of industrialization, urbanizations
and modern civilization.
Broadly speaking, the noise pollution has two sources, i.e. industrial and non- industrial. The
industrial source includes the noise from various industries and big machines working at a very
high speed and high noise intensity. Non- industrial source of noise includes the noise created by
transport/vehicular traffic and the neighborhood noise generated by various noise pollution can
also be divided in the categories, namely, natural and manmade. Most leading noise sources will
fall into the following categories: roads traffic, aircraft, railroads, construction, industry, noise in
buildings, and consumer products

Road Traffic Noise

In the city, the main sources of traffic noise are the motors and exhaust system of autos ,
smaller trucks, buses, and motorcycles.This type of noise can be augmented by narrow streets
and tall buildings, which produce a canyon in which
traffic noise reverberates.

Air Craft Noise

Now-a-days , the problem of low flying military

aircraft has added a
new dimension to community annoyance, as the nation
seeks to improve its nap-of the- earth aircraft operations over national parks, wilderness areas ,
and other areas previously unaffected by aircraft noise has
claimed national attention over recent years.

Noise From Railroads

 The noise from locomotive engines, horns and whistles, and switching and shunting
operation in rail yards can impact neighboring communities and railroad workers. For example,
rail car
retarders can produce a high frequency, high level screech that can reach peak levels of 120 dB
at a distance of 100 feet, which translates to levels as high as 138, or 140 dB at the railroad
worker’s ear.

Construction Noise

The noise from the construction of highways, city streets, and buildings is a major
contributor to the urban scene. Construction noise sources include pneumatic hammers, air
compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks (and
their back-up signals), and pavement breakers.

Noise In Industry
Although industrial noise is one of the less
prevalent community
noise problems, neighbors of noisy manufacturing
plants can be disturbed by sources such as fans,
motors, and compressors mounted on the outside of buildings Interior noise can also be
transmitted to the community through open windows and doors, and even through building
walls. These interior noise sources have significant impacts on industrial workers;
among whom noise induced hearing loss is unfortunately common.

Noise In Building
Apartment dwellers are often annoyed by noise in their
homes, especially when the building is not well designed and
constructed. In this case, internal building noise from
plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners, and fans, can
be audible and annoying. Improperly insulated walls and
ceilings can reveal the soundof-amplified music, voices, footfalls and noisy activities from
neighboring units.

Noise From Consumer Products

Certain household equipment, such as vacuum cleaners and some kitchen appliances have
been and continue to be noisemakers, although their contribution to the daily noise dose is
usually not very large

Noise Due To Festivals

There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins,
others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. Like Diwali, Holi, Ganesh
Utsav etc which now a day has lead to rise in the level of noise pollution. In Diwali the use of
fire crackers, in Holi and Ganesh Utsav use of loud speakers which are very harmful for children,
senior citizens and also pregnant women and leads to many harmful accidents.

Other Causes
The boilers, plumbing equipment, air conditioners,
generators and fans contribute to noise pollution to
some extent. Noise created by people in public places
too is a major contributor amongst different sources.
Loudspeakers used in public places are responsible for
creating noise of a high degree/amplitude.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

  Noise Pollution Effects on Human
Noise pollution effects on human health is a matter of great concern. The reason being the
adverse consequences that high noise levels have on human health. Noise pollution can affect us
in several ways, some of which are listed below:

 Hearing Problems:
Exposure to noise can damage one of the most vital organs of the body, the ear. Hearing
impairment due to noise pollution can either be
temporary or permanent. When the sound level
crosses the 70dB mark, it becomes noise for the ear.
Noise levels above 80 decibels produce damaging
effects to the ear. When ear is exposed to extreme
loud noise (above 100 decibels) for a considerable
period of time, it can cause irreparable damage and
lead to permanent hearing loss

 Cardiovascular Issues:
A noisy environment can be a source of heart related
problems. Studies have shown that high intensity sound cause
a dramatic rise in blood pressure as noise levels constrict the
arteries, disrupting the blood flow. The heart rate (the number
of heart beats per minute) also increase. These sudden
abnormal changes in the blood increase the likelihood of
cardiovascular diseases in the long run.

Sleep Disturbances:
 This is one of the noise pollution effects that can deter your overall well being. Noise can
interrupt a good night's sleep, and when this occurs, the person feels extremely annoyed and
uncomfortable. People deprived of uninterrupted sleep show a sharp dip in their energy levels
which often results into extreme fatigue. This can considerably decrease a person's ability to
work efficiently.

 Interference in Verbal
Communication:
A noisy environment that produces more than 50-60
decibels simply does not allow 2 people to communicate
properly. Interpreting the speech of a second person becomes
quite difficult and may lead to misunderstandings.

Mental Health Problems:

Exposure to loud sound can lead to elevated stress levels as well as stimulate violent behavior.
A constant noise in the vicinity can also trigger headaches, make people tense and anxious, and
disturb emotional balance.

Abortion is caused
There should be cool and calm atmosphere during the
pregnancy. Unpleasant sounds make a lady of irritative
nature. Sudden Noise causes abortion in females.

 Noise Pollution Effects on Animals

Man made noise pollution has made the Earth an uncomfortable place to stay for animals as
well. Hearing loss and rapid increase in heart rate are some of the ill-effects of noise
pollution on animals. High intensity sound induces fear, forcing them to abandon their
habitat. Other effects of noise on animals is given below:

 Anxious behavior in animals is commonly observed in the form of trembling when they
are exposed to high decibel levels. Intolerable noise levels can decrease a cow's capacity
of milk production. These animals require a calm and relaxed environment to provide a
better milk yield.
 Research has proven that aircraft induced noise is responsible for a significant decrease in
reproduction activity in a wide range of animals. Noise pollution effects can also be seen
on chicken in the form of a sharp drop in egg production. Stunted growth in chickens due
to intense noise has also been observed.
 Underwater animals such as whales and dolphins
too experience discomfort due to noise pollution
caused by submarines, shipping companies, and
sonars.
 Birds in urban areas, that use their sharp hearing
abilities to hunt prey, are at loss due to intervention
of manmade noise. High noise levels can also
negatively affect the breeding and feeding patterns
of some animals. This is one of the reasons why
certain species have become extinct.
 Sea animals produce varying sound levels among each other. However, the noise of
commercial ships does not allow these animals to communicate properly, which can
wreak havoc on their reproductive function. Sonar navy tests can hurt the whale's ear and
reduce its ability to breed and feed.

 The Effect Of Noise On The Environment

In nature, noise causes many adverse effects on animals - here's some examples:

 Birds in a city need to call longer and louder than their country counterparts
 Birds that rely on hearing to help locate prey are seriously disadvantaged by
anthropogenic (human) noise
 Noise disturbs feeding and breeding patterns of some animals and has been identified as a
contributing factor of the extinction of some species. 
 Aircraft noise and sonic booms have been implicated as a cause of lowered reproduction
in a variety of animals.
 Military sonar has been responsible for the deaths of possibly thousands of dolphins and
whales. Even outboard motor noise can
confuse some whales and dolphins
 In dairy cows, excessive noise reduces
feed consumption, milk yield, and rate
of milk release
 Noise causes increased incidence of
miscarriages in caribou
 Intense noise can affect growth of
chickens and egg production
 Canaries can suffer hearing damage at
relatively low decibel levels if the
noise is sustained
 Noise has also been showing to have a detrimental effect on the growth of some plants
MEASURES TO
CONTROL NOISE
POLLUTION
The noise pollution can be controlled at the source of generation itself by employing Techniques
like-

Reducing The Noise Levels From Domestic Sectors:

The domestic noise coming from radio, tape recorders, television sets, mixers, washing
machines, cooking operations can be minimized by their
selective and judicious operation. By usage of carpets or any
absorbing material, the noise generated from felling of items in
house can be minimized.

Maintenance Of Automobiles:
Regular servicing and tuning of vehicles will reduce the noise
levels. Fixing of silencers to automobiles, two wheelers etc., will reduce the noise levels.

Control Over Vibrations:

The vibrations of materials may be controlled using proper
foundations, rubber padding etc. to reduce the noise levels
caused by vibrations. Low voice speaking: Speaking at low
voices enough for communication reduces the excess noise
levels.
 Prohibition On Usage Of Loud Speakers:

By not permitting the usage of loudspeakers in the habitant zones except for important meetings /
functions. Now-a-days, the urban Administration of the metro cities in India is becoming
stringent on usage of loudspeakers.

Selection Of Machinery:
Optimum selection of machinery tools or equipment reduces excess noise levels. For example
selection of chairs or selection of certain machinery/equipment which generate less noise
(Sound) due to its superior technology etc. is also an important factor in noise minimization
strategy.

Maintenance Of Machines:
Proper lubrication and maintenance of machines, vehicles etc. will reduce noise levels. For
example, it is a common experience that, many parts of a vehicle will become loose while on a
rugged path of journey. If these loose parts are not properly fitted, they will generate noise and
cause annoyance to the driver/passenger. Similarly is the case of machines. Proper handling and
regular maintenance is essential not only for noise control but also to improve the life of
machine.

Car Alarms:

The service is empowered to break into vehicles to disarm defective alarms and also to remove
the vehicles to a safe place where necessary. The
costs involved will be recovered from the owner of
the vehicle. The owner’s details are obtained from
DVLA.
Precautions During Festivals:
 Crackers producing noise should not be burst between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.

 Crackers which bear the Supreme Court instructions and noise pollution levels alone
should be purchased.

 Wear earplugs when going to rock concerts or fireworks exhibits. Earplugs, properly
worn, can reduce noise by 15 to 30 decibels.

 Prohibit setting of crackers in the silence zones (that is the areas within 100 meters of
hospitals, educational institutions, courts and religious places).

 In case of ear trauma, it is advisable not to instill any

eardrop, nor try to clean the ear by oneself or by
untrained personnel.

 Ban fire-crackers with a decibel level of more than

100 at a distance of 4 meters from the bursting point.

 Protect your children by avoiding loud noise. Minor

damage at a young age can lead to major hearing loss.

 Noise from a firecracker, even at what might seem to be a safe distance, can lead to
hearing loss in just minutes. Hearing loss come side effects such as balance problems,
permanent ringing in the ears and headaches.

 Please refrain from buying fire crackers which exceeded prescribed noise limit.

 People should make this festival clean, green and healthy

 Pledge “cracker-free Diwali” and motivate your friends and relatives to promote ‘No
Crackers’ campaign and save environment.
Controlling Noise Pollution by Planting Trees
The modern lifestyle and workforce has gotten many of us to stay in the urban area. Buses,
trains, cars, bulldozers…we get to hear any type of noises. This is called urbanization. Most of us
would prepare a quiet place to live in but we can\’t as our work forces us to be in towns rather
than a quiet and warm countryside.

After a long day\’s work, a quiet moment is all we need. Since many of us can\’t afford to build
soundproof walls, the next best alternative is to plant trees. Planting trees is way better than
anything else and going green is the best way to live in today\’s age of modern technology.

This method is very suitable for homes with sufficient garden lawn. But be patient with the
growth of trees as it\’s not an overnight process but you\’ll them once you start.

These are what you need to consider when purchasing your favorite trees:

 The volume of bushes

Plant trees with leaves that have thick volume so that some of the nearby noise especially from
the traffic will be absorbed. Besides that, leaves like these are most likely able to withstand the
dust from retarding the growth.

 Tree roots
You need strong roots trees so that they won\’t
tumble on the ground when storm or strong wind
hits. But at the same time, make sure that you trees
won\’t have their roots crawling under the
compound where your house is built on or else
you will be facing structural complications later on
when the trees mature.

Now, the job doesn’t\‘t stops here. Trees are like

humans. They need nutrition to remain strong and
to continue growing luscious leaves or else all you
will get are dry branches. So, remember to take
care of your trees by feeding them with fertilizers
and daily watering. By taking care of your trees,
they in return will take care of the noise pollution
and also provide valuable oxygen for your
household freshness.
There, you have it now, your own sense of peace and quietness. No more disturbing, no more
disturbances and that\’s how peace feels like!