Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Jacinto was born in December 15, 1875, in Trozo, Tondo, Manila. He is the only
son of Mariano Jacinto (bookkeeper at Binondo) and Josefa Dizon (Midwife). Shortly after he
was born, his father passed away. And the start of the poor life of Jacinto at the age of 6,
Mariano could speak common Spanish. (Learned through memorization) but also fluent in
tagalog. Emilio Jacinto studied under Maestro Pascual Ferrer  lagi siyang tinukso ng mga kamag-
aral dahil sa pagkadukha ng kanyang suot - ang sinturon (cinturon, belt) niya ay ginupit na
laylayan ng saya ng ina, ang sintas ng zapatos (showlaces) niya ay pinunit mula sa itim
na basahan (trapo, rag). Because of this, formation of his personality, fearless. This untimely
death forced his mother to send Emilio to live with his uncle, Don Jose' Dizon. His mother
believed that his uncle could care for the young Emilio better then she could, and so Jacinto
could continue to college by the time he went away to college, he could fluently speak both
Spanish and Tagalog, However, he preferred to speak in Spanish a majority of the time. Emilio
attended the San Juan de Latran College and had a degree in Bachelor of Arts.

SIDE STORY

July 07, 1982 – Jose Rizal was detained by Spaniards in Dapitan, Zamboanga Del Norte.
Bonifacio knew about this and by the evening, the start of Himagsikan. (KKK Kataas taasang
Kagalang galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) at the House of Deodato Arellano in
calle azcarraga. They will recruit members. When Rizal was on a Ship in Luzon (going to Cuba
as a Military Doctor for Yellow fever epidemic), Katipuneros attempted to rescue Rizal. Emilio
Jacinto pretended to be a crew member but Rizal refuses (“On this battlefield man has no better
weapon than his intelligence, no other force but his heart.” Weapon were papel at pluma).

1984 at the age of 19 Jacinto joined the Katipunan with Pio Valenzuela also from UST Medicine
and was name Pingkian (Talaban). He is the youngest in the Katipunan. University of San Tomas
in order to study law where a future president of the Philippines, Manuel Quezon, Sergio
Osmena was among his classmates. Some says he is still simple, quiet, fearless. Freedom
Emilio left college before completing his law degree, he focuses on the Katipunan and spread.
Her mother was against it because of His intellect and loyalty. He became Bonifacio’s secretary
and closest advisor on fiscal matters. He is also the overseer of the financial affairs of the
Katipunan. He wrote the oath of allegiance, and kartilya ng Katipunan (Andres also wrote,
Titled Decalogue, but Jacinto’s Kartilya was chosen). He was also the focal person in making
gun powder, and the coordinator of the Tiktik (spy).
April 12, 1895

He was with Bonifacio when they are finding a hideout in the mountains of San Mateo &
Montalban. They found the Cave of Makarok and Pamitinan. Many Morong joined the.
(Morong-Rizal (Montalban).

1896

Kalayaan Newspaper title was chosen by Valenxuela. as a propaganda material (there was such
as membership forms and the sheets bearing the questions initiates had to answer (“Ano ang
kalagayan nitong Katagalugan nang unang panahun?” etc.) but these documents were small and
limited in quantity). Physical Appearance: 9x12 , font 12 and 10, 8 sheets, all tagalog (First
filipino newspaper) to mislead the Spanish, they wrote the publication in Yokohama, Marcelo H
del pilar as editor dated January 1, 1896 but the printing of copies took time and it came out by
March. The small printing press used was bought by 2 katipuneros (Francisco and Candido),
using their money from lottery worth 1000 pesos, 400 was spent in machine. Problem, particular
the letters “k” and “w”, and also “h”, “y” and the common vowels. Jacinto was obliged to ask
his mother, Josefa Dizon, for P20 so that he could buy type from Isabelo de los Reyes, who
owned a printing press. Some were stolen. Valenzuela said that it has 2000 copies. Epifanio De
Los Santos said it was only 1000, 700 in manila by andres, 200 in cavite by aguinald0, 100 by
pio Valenzuela in Bulacan. The 1st release was in Manila, Cavite, Morong (Rizal), Kalookan,
Malabon. Jacinto wrote articles in the name of Dimas-Ilaw. Andres as Agapito Bagumbayan,
Madlang away Valenzuela.

Content

Ang unang isyu ay naglalaman ng editoryal na sinulat kunwa ni M.H. del Pilar, ng kuwentong
“Pahayag” ni Jacinto sa alyas na Dimasilaw, ng tulang “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” ni
Bonifacio sa alyas na Agap-ito Bagumbayan, ang artikulong “Catuiran?” ni Valenzuela sa alyas
na Madlang Away, at ilang munting balita. Inihahanda na ang ikalawang isyu ngunit natuklasan
ang Katipunan. Sa gayon, sinira nina Fernandez at Duque ang nakakaha nang isyu at ang mákiná
bago tumalilis. The Katipunan gained members from 300 to 30, 000. 2 nd issue to be printed but
the Spaniards came, Duque and Fernandez, burned the materials, no trace. They are at (No. 6,
Clavel Street, San Nicolas. Content was works of Jacinto only. The same year, 1896. Spread of
Katipunan in Cavite (req. by Candido Tirona). Jacinto, Valenzuela, Bonifacio went in Cavite.
After a few months July 5, 1896, they received a notice from tiktik that the Spaniards already
knew about the Katipunan. He announced katipuneros in manila to meet in Balintawak. August
19, they started to go to Balintawak. August 21, 1896 Bonifacio and Jacinto, 500 katipunero ,
meeting house of Apolinio Samson, in sitio Kangkong of what to do, but no agreement was
fixed. Aug 22, noon, they arrived at pugadlawin. August 23, in Caloocan, (mountains and trees)
in the backyard of Juan Ramos, son of Tandang Sora, they agreed that the Himagsikan will
happen next week, August 29, 1896. On the same day, (controversial) August 23, they ripped off
their cedula personal. (mandatory ID of Spaniards, for tax certificate, determine forced labor, if u
don’t have cedula you will be arrested).

“Mga kapatid, nagkaisa táyong ituloy ang himagsikan. Sumusumpa ba kayóng itakwil ang
pamahalaang umaapi sa atin?” Sabay-sabay na sumigaw ng “Opo!” ang mga Katipunero. “Kung
ganoon,” patuloy ni Bonifacio “ilabas ang inyong mga sedula at punitin upang patunayan ang
ating pasiyang humawak ng sandata. After that day (24), they moved to house of Tandang sora
but after that day, August 25, the Spaniards came.

August 29, 1896

Official Start, MABUHAY ANG PILIPINAS, MABUHAY ANG HIMAGSIKAN,

MABUHAY ANG KATIPUNAN. After that, he asked Jacinto on what to do next. Bonifacio
said that to manila, but Jacinto said El Deposito. An old underground water reservoir in the city
of San Juan in Metro Manila, Philippines. It was built by the Spanish authorities in 1880.

August 30

El deposito, 800 katipuneros raided and battled 100 spaniards who lost, but reinforncements
came. 150 were killed, and 200 was detained whom most were also killed in bagumbayan. Battle
in parts of Manila continued. April 15, 1897. Naglabas ang Supremo Andres Bonifacio ng isang
dokumento na nagtatalaga sa kanyang tapat na tagasunod at kaibigang si Jacinto, bilang
Pangulong Hukbo sa Dakong Hilaga ng Maynila. Emilio Jacinto was appointed be Punong
Heneral of Manila and its surrounding areas, Laguna, Bulacan, nueva Ecija. Julio Nakpil

TEJEROS CONVENTION
April 1897

The assembly gave birth to the newly elected leaders of the revolutionary government. Among
the elected officials were Emilio. Jacinto was unable to come because of disease. There was a
conflict between Andres and Emilio Aguinaldo, (magdalo) corruption of votes, Andres wrote to
Jacinto Regarding the Matter. That there was news in cavite that they should not be under the
rule of not from cavite. He was accused with treason and Killed in May 1897. Jacinto mourned,
Jacinto was invited by Aguinaldo to join magdalo but he refused. He continued to rule in Laguna
which was also commanded to him by andres. Oct 8, 1897, he wrote A La Patria (para sa bayan)
in a coconut farm in Sta. Cruz. It was based in Mi Ultimo Adios (My last farewell) of Jose Rizal.
Dimasilaw (unblended).
February 1898

Volunteered against Spaniards in Maimpis, Magdalena, Laguna. He was shot in hips. He was
brought in Church in Magdalena, but he was not medicated (Saint Mary Magdalene Church,
where the Emilio Jacinto Shrine is located inside) He was repeatedly thrown in the staircase and
his blood is evident until now. He moved in Sta Cruz where he was healed to escape from
Spaniards. He pretended to be Florentino Reyes, A Filipino spy of Spaniards. He showed the
permit of reyes to them which was then he escaped. He rested in Manila. Jacinto became a beef
vendor and the Bantanguenyo General, Migule Malvar was one of his meat suppliers. the one
who convinced him to start the enterprise was Pio del Pilar. Jacinto supplied the meat for del
Pilar’s troops in Makati, the very first order. Pio del Pilar even convinced others in Makati to buy
meat from the “Brains of the Katipunan and of the Philippine Revolution.” The same Pio del
Pilar who was supposed to have betrayed Bonifacio and convinced Aguinaldo to end the life of
the Haring Bayang Katagalugan’s Supreme President. Ayon pa kay Dizon, naging maganda ang
takbo ng negosyo ni Jacinto at nakabili pa ito ng magandang bahay. Hindi naglaon, nagkaanak
din daw ng lalaki si Jacinto sa kaniyang asawang nagngangalang Catalina.

May 1, 1898

The Americans came into our country, Lead by George Dewey, they defeated the Spanyol, in
Manila bay on August 13, 1898. Jacinto wrote a Letter to Mabini, he want to continue his studies
in Malolos, Bulacan. Mabini told him to enrol before Dec 1, 1898 but Jacinto did not proceed.
Katipuneros in Laguna requested that he will lead them for the upcoming war americans vs ph .
on Feb 1899, when they are in mountain of Majayjay. He contracted Malaria, which was the
cause of his death, in April 16, 1899. 23 years old turning 24. Ang kaniyang bangkay ay
natagpuan na nakalibing sa bayan ng Sta. Cruz. Matapos nito, inilipat ang kaniyang bangkay sa
North Cemetery. Noong 1975, sentenaryo ng kapanganakan ni Jacinto, muling nailipat ang
kaniyang mga labi sa Himlayang Pilipino sa Lungsod Quezon at the recuerdo de patay, Catalina
de Jesus was present who was the wife of Emilio, with their baby. It is the only photo of Emilio.

WORKS OF JACINTO

Kartilya ng Katipunan
- Proof of Authorship by Isabelo de los Reyes
- Sencasional memoria
Gising na mga Tagalog!

October 23, 1895

“Ano pa ba ang hinihintay? Hanggang Kailan papaalipin at papaapi?”

Ginigising ang pusong Makabayan.
Liwanag at Dilim 1896
- Has 7 parts
o Ningning at Liwanag
o Kalayaan
o Ang tao’y magkakapantay
o Ang pag-ibig
o Ang Bayan at ang mga Gobyerno (Pinuno)
o Ang maling pagsasampalataya
o Ang Gumawa

A La Patria (Sa Bayang Tinubuan/Para sa Bayan) Oct 08, 1897

Message for Spaniards
Inspired by Rizal’s Mi ultimo adios (Huling Paalam)
Stated an example how Cuba fought for freedom

Emilio Jacinto as Utak ng Katipunan

Others say that Jacinto should also be Utak ng Himagsikan as well (But Apolinario Mabini was
recognized). Even Gregoria De Jesus (Lakambini ng Katipunan) said that, “Si Mabini ay hindi
dapat tawaging utak ng himagsikan sapagkat wala naman siyang nagawa at naipaglingkod sa
himagsikan. At siya'y nasali noong kung baga sa isang handaan ay dumating siyang luto na ang
ulam, nakahanda ang dulang at siya'y kasama ng mga huling nagsidulog upang tumikim at
makisalo sa masasarap na luto.”

What is KKK?
Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang na Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan, also known as
Katipunan or KKK.
The two principal aims of the KKK as gathered from the writings of Bonifacio:
 Unity of the Filipino people
 Separation from Spain through revolution
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE CREATION OF KATIPUNAN AND THE
KARTILYA
 Age of Enlightenment
 French Revolution
 Masonry
  Propaganda Movement ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 La Liga Filipina

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1. Kataastasang Sanggunian (Supreme council of the Katipunan)

 Pangulo
 Kalihim
 Tagausig
 Tagaingat yaman
 Kasangguni

2. Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial council)

 Composed of Sangguniang balangay

3. Sangguniang Balangay (Popular council)

TRIANGLE SYSTEM
 Member recruitment
 Blood compact- As a sign of loyalty

Bonifacio formed the Katipunan as a secret society which was founded at the house of Deodato
Arellano. 72 Azcarraga St. Tondo, Manila (Recto Avenue Tondo, Manila) Andres Bonifacio, all
members of La Liga Filipina, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa and Jose Dizon on
July 7, 1892, the same date on which Rizal was decreed to be banished to Dapitan.
Andres Bonifacio—though undoubtedly one of the more prominent founders of the Katipunan—
was not its first Supremo or the President of the Supreme Council.
July 15, 1892 to 1893 - Deodato Arellano
February 1, 1893 to 1895 - Roman Basa
January 5, 1894/1895 to 1897 - Andres Bonifanio
Kartilya ng Katipunan
Kartilya
• Cartilla in Spanish word means Kinder primer book or Letter of instruction
• Newspaper – KALAYAAN “Dimasilaw”

Codes of Kartilya ng Katipunan

1 The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a
shade, if not a poisonous weed.

2 To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue. 

3 It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s
conduct, acts and words to what is in itself reasonable.

4 Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in knowledge,
wealth and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature.

5 The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor.

6 To the honorable man, his word is sacred.

7 Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost.

8 Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.

9 The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets.

10 On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the
guide leads to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.

11 Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion
who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase
thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared
thee.
 12 What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do
not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.

13 Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his
color white, not because he is a *priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high
prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven
and real value, who does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who does
not oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he who loves and cherishes his
fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his own.

14 When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty shall
rise brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse
everlasting joy among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those
who have gone before, the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings will remain. If he
who desires to enter (the Katipunan) has informed himself of all this and believes he
will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the application for
admission.
Summary of Kartilya ng Katipunan
• Rule 1 and 7
Knowing the importance of Life
• Rule 2,3,8 and 12
Knowing true act of kindness
• Rule 4
Equality
• Rule 5 and 6
Being honorable man
• Rule 9
Being careful to his words
• Rule 10
Being a good model to others
• Rule 11
Woman deserves to be respected
• Rule 13
True Worth of life
 • Rule 14
Author’s desire

Decalogue of Bonifacio
I.   Love God with all your heart.
II.  Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of country, and this, too, is love of
one's fellow men.

III. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom
of your country.

IV. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have serenity, constancy, reason,
and faith in your acts and endeavor.

V. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your honor.

VI. It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great
risks in the performance of his duty.
VII. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for
our fellow men to follow.

VIII. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate.

IX. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love --- love for your
own self, for your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen.

X. Believe in the chastisement of the perverse and the treacherous and in the reward of all good
work. Believe, also, that the aims of the K.K.K. are the gifts of god ; for the hopes of the Country
are also the hopes of God.
The Decalogue had only ten points and dealt primarily with one’s duties to:
• God
• Country
• Family
• Neighbor
Katipunan and Himself
Place and Date of Publication of the Kartilya

• It is the only document of any length set in print by the Katipunan prior to August 1896
that is known to be still extant.
• The earliest reference to the Kartilya yet found is in the minutes of a Supreme Assembly
meeting held in December 24-25, 1895 which say the manifesto (pahayag) will be priced
at 4 kualta per copy.
• Prior in 1896 Katipunan did not publish any propaganda materials although they have
printing press its capacity is too low and, it may be presumed, was feared to run too high
a risk of betrayal and discovery.
• A few documents, such as membership forms and the sheets bearing the questions
initiates had to answer were reportedly printed clandestinely on the presses of the Spanish
daily Diario de Manila, but these documents were small in size and limited in quantity.  
The Light of Liberty
• Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897
• By: Jim Richardson
• Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2013

TEXTUAL ERRORS

• Cry of Pugad Lawin - the term “cry” is translated from the Spanish el grito de rebellion
which refers to a decision or call to revolt. It does not necessarily connote shouting,
unlike the Filipino sigaw.
• The admonitions to regard a woman as a “helpmate” rather than a “plaything” and to
“have due regard to her weakness” may be Biblical in origin.
• The adage that “an honourable man’s word is his bond” may be traced back to Cervantes;
and the thought that “time is lost forever” may have come from Benjamin Franklin.

MEANING OF WORDS USED

Tree without a shade: useless
Virtue: behavior showing high moral standards.
Rationale: a logical basis for a course of action or a particular belief.
Charitable:  devoted to the assistance of those in need.
Conduct: the way a person behaves.
Superiority: showing an overly high opinion of oneself.
Scoundrel: a dishonest or unscrupulous person.
Sacred: regarded with great respect and reverence.
Oppress:  unjust exercise of authority.
Oppressed: subject to harsh and authoritarian treatment.
Oppressor: a person or group that oppresses people.
Prudent:  showing care and thought for the future.
Precipice: a very steep rock face or cliff, especially a tall one.
Plaything: an object used for pleasure or enjoyment.
Aquiline: sharp like an eagle
Prerogative: privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
Fatherland: Home country
Long for sun of liberty: Freedom
Confederated: One who assists in a plot; an accomplice.
Brethren: people belonging to a particular group.