Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

GAS DYNAMICS LAB

Course Code ME-429

Credit Hours 3+1

Lab Engineer.
ZARYAB LALL
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

LAB # 02
OBJECTIVE:-
• Determine the air flow rate in the delivery duct with the help
of orifice and calculate the corresponded Reynolds number
and Mach number of the air flow.

• Investigate the relationship between the flow rate and their

corresponding Reynolds number and Mach number.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

APPARATUS
Air flow apparatus (Wind tunnel)
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

ORIFICE PLATE
Orifice plate is a device used for measuring the volumetric flow rate,
for reducing pressure or for restricting flow.
• Venturi nozzle.

Diameter
Generally 0.5 times the diameter of the pipe.
Vary from 0.4 to 0.8.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

MANOMETER.
Pressure measuring instrument.
Inclined manometer is more sensitive than the simple manometer.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

TACHOMETER.
Installed on the panel for measuring speed of motor in
terms of RPM.

WATTMETER
The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electric
power in watts of any given circuit.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

PROCEDURE
1. Prepare the manometer by adding water in the tank through cock ‘1’
2. Set the measuring scale at position ‘B’ to achieve magnification of 2.
3. Start the fan with the help of starting switch located on panel.
4. Allow the running fan for about 5 to 10 minutes to make system streamlined.
5. Open stop cock ‘2’ & ‘3’ on sensible inclined manometer.
6. Open cock ‘E’, ‘F’ & 6 on pressure measuring point selector. All other cocks
are kept closed.
7. Note readings on measuring scale. This gives pressure differential across
orifice. (mmH2O)
8. Now multiply the reading of measuring scale by ½
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

AIR FLOW RATE

A fluid passing though an orifice will experience a drop in pressure across the
orifice. This change can be used to measure the flow rate of the fluid.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

VELOCITY OF FLUID
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REYNOLDS NUMBER
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

REYNOLDS NUMBER
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

1. LAMINAR FLOW
The flow in which the fluid particles move along well defined paths or stream line
and all the stream lines are straight and parallel this type of flow is known as
laminar flow.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LAMINAR FLOW

• High viscosity of fluid.
• Low velocity of fluid.
• Less flow area.
EXAMPLE
Flow through pipe of uniform cross-section.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

2. TURBULENT FLOW
• The flow in which the fluid particles move in a zigzag way this type of flow is known
as turbulent flow.
• The fluid particles crosses the paths of each other.

EXAMPLE
• Flow in river at the time of flood
• Flow through pipe of different cross-section.

3. TRANSIENT FLOW
• The flow in which we see both laminar and turbulent flow together this type of
flow is known as transient flow.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College
Department of Mechanical Engineering Wah Engineering College

CALCULATIONS
Sr. # Pressure Difference Re Mach RPM Wattage
(mmH2O) Number (kW)

1 15 0.006 1997 2200 1.8

2 18 0.007 2290 2300 1.8