‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND
Column 1 [2 3 ign 437) ‘(4 3 6
Frequency A Original Band | Final Band Final Band
Gay | FFF | IZ admittances | admittances | impedances “EZ”
f "| por Figure 115 “EA” Figure 115
band “DA” | Figure 115
Z, = 893972, Col. (3 +4)
6.00 098 ¥ = 10+ 110 | F = 110+ 017] Z, =089— 70.137
608 0
=100- 7050] %=100- 7050] Z, = 080+ jo.0
608 jours [7095 ¥, =070- 7073) % =0.70+ 020) Z,=132- j0378
‘The final schematic is shown in Figure 116,
—— > 0.3752 fromthe | 10.1082 from
first stub the load
Load
Z band
10.4595.
Figure 116 Example 26 Final schematic diagram
4.4.1.6.2. Triple Stub matching
Section 3.1.3.2.3 considered the case if the triple stub in matching a single frequency to the centre of
the Smith chart In this seetion, the emphasis will be placed on determining the value of the VSWR
circle that a band of frequencies lies within, when the centre of the band is matched to the centre ofthe
‘Smith chart using the single frequency triple stub matching. ‘The triple stub may be employed over the
double stub, to ensure matching ean occur forall impedances which may be encountered, as discussed
in section 3.1.3.2.3, Similar to the double stub, atthe higher microwave frequencies due to the small
‘wavelengths involved, the distance between the stubs may be fixed at 0.375%. Figure 117 shows a
schematic of the triple stub with the 0.3752. fixed separation between the stubs, and the variable
distance x2. of the first stub from the impedance band of frequencies.
D cB A
4 0.3752 from |1-0.375% from | Hx from the load |}
the second stub the frst tub
i
Load
J band
Figure 117 “ Schematic of triple stub
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 178‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND
EXAMPLE 27
Given the following normalized mismatched load measured impedance points below, design a shunt
triple-stub tuner to match the band so that it lies in a VSWR circle less or equal to 1.7, Determine the
‘maximum value of the VSWR which results from the VSWR circle which encloses the band. The
distance between the stubs is to be 0.375, and the distance from the load of the first stub is to be
0.250%.
Frequency (GH) ‘Normalized impedance
6.00 0534-1414
6.04 0S17- fll
6.08 Z, = 0476 - j0.950
SOLUTION
‘The measured impedance points and admittance are plotted on Figure 118 as band “AZ” and “AA”,
PARTI
‘This part will determine the admittance band tothe first stub, and will determine the value of the length
of the first stub.
From the table of frequencies given in the Example 27, the band centre frequency is found to be,
So = NTF = 6005608 = 6.04 MHz
By rotating the load admittance 345 + 0.740 clockwise though a distance of 0.2502, plot
the resulting nomalized Lond admitanee Y,,
shown in Figure 118,
0.517 = 1.11 , on the Smith chart at point A, as
= L
Draw a forbidden region circle from equation 3-12, that is @ » where dis the distance
Sin Ody
between the stubs, which is 0.375%. This gives G > 2
Conversion of load impedance to load admittance
Frequency | Normalized load Normalized load
(GHz) | impedance admittance band
AA”, Figure 118
6.00 Z, =0534—jl4l4 ¥, = 0234+ j0.619
6.04 Z, =0S17- fll F, = 0.345 + j0.740
6.08 Z, = 0.476 - j0.950 | ¥, = 0.422+ j0841
‘The movement of the outer band frequencies do not move by 0.2502. as does the 6.04 GHz band cent
frequency, but by an amount dependent on their frequency, as determined by equation 4-34,
f
oF,
6.04
= 0,.250—
fi
(434)
hy,
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 179‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND.
0.107 4
So
‘its Original admittance
ON band "AA
A
|-+2 Rotated forbidden
_-Tegion 0.3752 cow —
AEE
~ Admittance ban
PL ABA” after rotation
vw 0.2502, of “AA” |
Sel a eH
a0375R Pop
ee
0.397
Figure 118 Example 27 - Part 1 - Distance from the load of first stub and first stub length
‘Movement of band “AA” by 0.25) line between load and first short-circuit stub to
band “BA”, Figure 118,
Freq. ] Admittance points of | Line length] Original | Final ‘Admittance band
(GH2) | band “AA”, a position | position —_| “BA” after rotation
Figure 118 (caleulated) | () on Smith | (2) on Figure 118
chart Smith chart
| 600 | 0234+ j0619| 02517 0.0905 0322 | 7 =0S3~ lad
| 6.04 | ¥ = 0345+ 0.740] 0.2500 0.107 0357 | ¥ =0517-jlll
| 6.08 | ¥, = 0422+ j0841 | 02484 O19 0367 149 — 70.98
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND — 180‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND
‘The admitances ofband “BA”, shown on Figure 118, are determined by drawing a circle through each
ofthe admittance points of band “AA” so that each individual circle imersects its final distance position
line extended from the centre ofthe Smith chart its wavelength postion onthe edge ofthe chart. In
onder to prevent cluttering. these circles are not shown on Figure 118
In order to rotate ant-clociwise the band “BA” completely out ofthe rotated forbidden region, a
negative susceptance must beaded, The valuc of ths ssceptance is found from the emount of anti
clockwise rotation ofthe 6.08 Gz admittance point required to place it outside ofthe rotated forbidden
region. This value isthe diference between the final 6.08 GHz admittance point, Z°* = 049~ 1.50,
inband “CA”, and its value in band “BA” ¥, = 049 j098, Thats, -0.52, This value determines the
length of the first short circuit stub, which is from the Smith chart 0.1744.
‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances at the other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as,
(434)
6.08 1.05792
fe Se
“Movement of band “BA” by short-circuit stub to band “CA”, Figure 119.
Freq. ] Equivalent Suseeptance | Susceptanc | Equivalent | Admittance band
(GH2)| admittance points | wavelength | ¢ susceptance | “CA” after
atband “BA”, | (4) (actual) | wavelength susceptance added
Figure 118 yon Figure 19
Smith chart
600] % =053—j140 | OTT 0.4263 0300 | ¥ =053— 71.90
604] ¥ =0si7— just] 04175 0.4252 0510 | ¥, 0517 — Leal
6.08 | ¥, =0.49—jo98 | 01740 0.4240 19.520 | ¥ = 0.49- j150
PART2
‘This part will determine the band “DA after the band “CA” has traversed 0.3752 along the
transmission line, It wll also determine the length of the second stub.
‘The rotation of band “CA” clockwise through 0.375h to band “DA” is shown on Figure 119. Again
each of the admittance points of band “CA” will rotate by different amounts according to
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 181‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND
s
Sees
DS E0.37SR of CA”
LKB ax
BORROW
BOY
i
region
G>2
iets
Cow rotated 0.375;
vunity conductance
‘circle
6.08 5) Y
‘Admittance band | 5°98
ie
\ region 0.3752 cow
RESSR
SBWQRKL
ASS we >
Figure 119 Example 27-
wrt 2 - Distance from first stub and second stub length
equation 4-34 . Choosing the 6.08 GHz. frequency admittance as the admittance point which rotates by
0.375A, as it is the critical admittance point, gives the following table for determining the band “DA”.
te
dy he 38)
6.08 2.28
0375p =
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND — 182‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND
Movement of band “CA” by 0.375) transn
jon line to band “DA”, Figure 119.
Freq. | Equivalent ‘Admittance | Calculated | Final ‘Admittance band
(GH) | admittance points | points of tance (2) | wavelength | “DA”
at band “CA”, band “Ca” | toaddto | points) | Figure 119
Figure 119 wavelength | column 3
(0) (actual)
6.00 | ¥ =053- j1.90 0.323 0.38 0.203 ¥ = 110+ j2.70
6.04) ¥ = 0517 j1.621| 93325 03775 0210 | ¥ = 1.724 j2.92
308] % soa sso | O58 o3750 [0218 | =200- 300
The problem now becomes that of'a double stub. We want the centre frequency admittance point to
rolate anticlockwise along is 1.72.conduetance cirele until it intersects the anticlockwise rotated unity
conductance circle. From Figure 119, this ean be seen to be atthe admittance 1.72 -j0.38. The length
cof the second stub isto be the difference in the final admittance and the centre frequency admittance in
the band “DA”, that is the difference between Y, = 1.72 — j0.33 and ¥, = 1.72 + j2.92, which is -
48.25, whieh from the Smith chart gives a stub length of 0.0883,
‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances atthe other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as,
, fo
a (434)
fe
6.04 0.28992
0.048
fe te
‘Movement of band “DA” by second short-circuit stub to band “EA”, Figure 119.
Equivalent Susceptance | Susceptane | Equivalent | Admittance band
admittance points | wavelength | susceptance | “EA” after
at band “DA”, @) (actual) | wavelength suseeptance added
Figure 118 Qyon Figure 19
Smith chart
001% 11047270 | 0088 0.2983 B20 | ¥ = 110-705
608] ¥, = 172+ j2.92 | OR 02980 BS | Y= 172 — 7033
608] ¥, =2.00— 7300 | 00477 02977 B30 | ¥, =2.00— 7030
PART3
‘This part will determine the band “FA” after the band “EA” has traversed 0.3752 along the
transmission line, It will also determine the length of the third stub,
‘The rotation of band “EA” clockwise through 0.3752. to band “FA is shown on Figure 120. Again
cach of the admittance points of band “EA” will rotate by different amounts according to equation
4-34. Choosing the centre frequency admittance as the admittance point which rotates by 0.37
is to lie on the unity conductance circle, gives the following table for determining the band “DA”.
1 asit
(434)
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 183‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND.
Movement of band “EA” by 0.375) transmission line to band “FA”, Figure 120.
Freq. ] Equivalent ‘Admittance | Calculated | Final “Admittance band
(GHz) | admittance points | points of istance (2) | wavelength | “FA”
at band “EA”, band “EA” |toaddto — | points (i) | Figure 120
Figure 120 wavelength | column 3
0) (actual)
600) F = 110 jos 0347 O37 ORAS TF —0R6+ [068
604] ¥ = 172-7033 0278 O3750 ‘O18 TF = 100+ 7060
608] ¥ = 2.00 jo30 | 265 03725 01575 TF = 1604 j025
“e‘Admittance band
SRA” after 03752
‘Admittance band
“GA” after third
‘stub rotates band
“FAY cow
SEA” after second
stub rotates “DA”
amare
Se 0347
Figure 120 Example 27 - Part 3 - Distance from second stub and third stub length
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 184‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND
Finally, to determine the length of the third stub, the 6.08GHz frequency admittance point of band “FA”
is rotated along the nity conductance circle until it is just below the real axis, so that the band is
‘balanced about the real axis. That is, a short-circuit stub of susceptance value -j0.3 is required at a
frequency of 6.08 Gllz, From the Smith chart for a susceptance of -{0.3, a short-circuit stub of length
0.2042 is required,
‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances at the other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as,
, fe
h, oh (4-34)
noe g “
6.08 1.24032
= 0.204—
a
‘Movement of band “FA” by third short-circuit stub to band “GA”, Figure 120.
Equivalent Suseeptance | Susceptanc | Equivalent | Admittance band
imittance points | wavelength | e susceptance | “GA” after
at band “FA", @) (actual) | wavelength susceptance added
Figure 120 (Q)on Figure 120
Smith chart
600 7 ose jos | 02067 0.4567 028 | F=08e+ 040
6.04) ¥ = 100+ j0.60 0.2054 0.4554 710.29 ¥, = 100+ j031
S08 TF =1604 j025 | 02040 0.4540 030 | =1.60— j005
TThe final VSWR is found to be approximately 1.6.
Figure 121 shows the final circuit schematic.
BandGA FA BandEA DA BandCA BA Band AA
+] 0.375%, from |f=0.375A from 10.252 from the
the second stub ‘the first stub Toad
A | Load
band
Figure 121 Example 27 -Final schematie of triple stub
‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 185