THE STUDY HABITS AND ACADEMICS PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS WHOS

PARENTS ARE OFW

A RESEARCH STUDY

PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

ARL B. CALABRIA
GOMERSINDO V. DABA III
SCOTT MICHAEL JAMAGO
LOUIE CESAR G. OCAÑA
HAZEL LOU SAGALA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Background of the Study

Study habit is a method used regularly by a person who seeks gaining

knowledge. Study habit is a broad concepts it combines many sub-topics under it such
as study skills, study methods, and study kills. Study habit is also related to student’s
behavior and affects the overall performance of students. Grades of students defer from
one to another this is due to their different efforts and performances in school which is
related to their study habit. Now days we live in a highly competitive world especially in
work place therefore students must obtained sufficient knowledge on study habits and
factors, causes and situations that affects study habits.
Throughout the past five decades the distribution of economic polices has been
implemented. Yet their remained relatively high degree of poverty which has an impact
on social status of a Filipino family, many Filipino families faces a constant dilemma in
coping up with the increase of living expenses. With the rapid population growth rate is
one of reason of having high competition for few jobs that pays the employee a salary
that could sustain the needs of the Filipino family. Therefore many Filipino’s resorted in
seeing jobs overseas to sustain the needs of their family, it is said that the overseas
Filipino Workers (OFW) are the modern heroes of the Philippines, due to their sacrifices
to go and work abroad or the betterment of the socio & economic status of their families,
in return the family members of the OFW worker benefits from a higher salary which
means a better quality of living, but what are the study habits of students with OFW
parent/parents?
In a country where more than 1.5 million citizens work abroad every year, many
students have to live without their parent. This may have an effect on the students’
performance in school and their study habits.
The Philippines is the fourth leading migrant & sending country in the world, then
china, Mexico and India. According to the international organization for Migration (IOM).
There are over 1.5 million Filipino family migrates every year, which results in of 12
million OFWs. 0n estimation of 239 countries was Filipinos work, which covers six
continents. They are Asia, Australia, North America, South America, Africa, and Europe.
According to a survey of the Social Weather stations SWS), unemployment rate
in the Philippines are higher than its Asian neighboring countries. Unemployment is one
of the factors of migration it has been a phenomenon since the 70s. Families who have
a member that work overseas experience social conflict were children are the most
affected without the guidance of their parents. It is estimated in the Philippines around 6
million children are growing up without one or both of the parents which affects to their
emotional and psychological wellbeing according to UNICEF.
The emotional and psychological imbalances may result to higher risks of having
low grades, drop out of school, experiment with drugs, or get pregnant. The researcher
would like to create a tangible conclusion within the aspect of study habits and behavior
of students with OFW parents so that it can help provide a solution and improve the
overall performance of students and teachers.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the study habits of selected student with OFW
parents.
Specifically, it attempts to answer the following questions;

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:

 Age
 Sex
2. What are the study habits of the selected students with OFW Parents?
3. What are the implications of the study habits in the academic performances in
the selected students with OFW parents?
Significance of the Study

The researcher believes that the following will benefit from this study.
To all teachers, this will serve as a valuable guide for them to understand and
develop their students which will further provided them some beneficial knowledge and
understanding essential for student teacher adjustment.
To all parents, this will help them be reminded of the things they should know,
needed values and supports from them which will further serve as guide for them in
raising their children while they are overseas.
To all students, this research will remind the concern students of the problems
they encountered and how to resolve it analytically and logically.
To the administration, this will serve as a guide and reference for them to have a
basis in adjusting school policies and systems prior to focus their attention on students
whose parents are OFW.
To the future researchers, this will give some essential information which will
surely help them in researching related subjects and problems similar to this study.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of this research, the following terms are clearly defined:
Age - it refers to the length of time the respondent has lived or existed.
Gender - it refers to the sex of the respondents.
Socio & Economic status - it refers to the annual gross income of the respondent.
Strand and Year level - it refers to the course the respondent is taking up and college
and the year they are in.
Behavior - it refers to how the respondents conduct himself.
Study habits - it refers to the pattern, time being consumed by the respondents in
studying.
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) - it refers to all Filipinos working abroad.
 Academic performance - it refers to how students work/perform in school. It can
be described as poor and high performance in term of the result obtained in their class
cards.

Objective of the Study

The objective of this research is to determine on what are the effects on the
Academic Performance of selected SHS students with OFW parents, the amount of
motivation that gives the students in pursuing their studies, and to know if having an
OFW parent/parents has an impact on students’ study habits and behavior.

Scope and Delimitation

This research will be limited to the effects on the Academic Performance of

selected college students with OFW parents. The respondents will be of students of
New Era University students. The researcher will consider descriptive method in
conducting this study. Survey questionnaires will be used as the research instrument in
gathering pertinent data that will be treated statistically.
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

a.) Foreign Concept

The *education of the children is the most essential thing that the parents should
provide and support in all term at any means. As Mahatma Gandhi stated, “education is
the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”. It only means that
education in children are vital because in them relies the future of a certain country.
Thus, education trains the students how to be skillful and academically inclined
individuals that can be used to provide them somehow a better future. Nevertheless,
how can a student be skillful and academically inclined if they are emotionally unstable
in the sense that they need their parents to support them not just financially but also
morally.
According to Ntitika J.L. (2014) in his study,“The economic status of parents can
also be concluded as to affect the academic performance of some students. This
whereby some of the students who come from families, which are not economically
stable, tend to be chased out of school for fees whereas others are not able to purchase
some of the reading materials. This affects their performance largely. Moreover, poor
economic backgrounds limit the parents from sending their children to schools that have
adequate facilities or of high standards simply because they are not able to meet the
educational cost required.”
According to the study of Antobam S.K., he cited that “Thus more mothers are
leaving behind their children in the rural areas in search for job in the urban centers so
as to be able to cater for their children”
According to Grolier Academic Encyclopedia (Vol.15) “the status of *parenthood
results in certain results in rights and duties existing between parents and minor
children. Modern *statutes in the United States provide both the father and the mother,
are natural guardians of offspring. If it becomes necessary for the law to appoint
alternative guardians, these people are known as guardians by law. Parents are
responsible for the health, financial support, and education of their children”. It only
means that whatever kind of parents you are, biologically or appointed by law, you are
oblige to give the basic needs of your children, mostly education.
According to the studies of Arguillas M.J.; Williams L. (2010) “Family structure,
household resources, numbers of siblings competing for those resources, and parents’
own educational attainment are often important predictors of children’s education
outcomes. Overseas migration of parents from the Philippines has resulted in increasing
numbers of long-term separations of parents from each other and from their children.
Western-based analyses might predict negative education outcomes for children as a
result of parental absence. We find that separations caused by overseas migration often
are either neutral or can have positive effects on schooling outcomes, at least among
older children. Girls fare better in terms of educational attainment than do boys overall.
Boys are often more affected by background variables, including parents’ international
migration.”
b.) Local Concept
Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs are Filipinos who are employed in foreign
countries. They travel abroad to seek better opportunities in order to provide for the
needs of their families in the Philippines. They are also known as “Overseas Contract
Workers” (OCWs), since they work abroad through a contract of several years with their
employer. The OFW was officially adopted under the President Fidel V. Ramos
Administration to give recognition to the millions of Filipinos who sacrifice by working in
other countries. The change, replacing ‘Contract’ with ‘Filipino’ – honors these Filipino
workers by pledging the Philippine government’s commitment to their *welfare wherever
they may be, and removing the pre-conditioned of possession of contract in order for
Philippines *consulates to come to their aid, under the *Migrant Workers and Overseas
Filipinos Act of 1995 (Republic Act 8042).
(http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/OverseasFilipinoWorkers)
“In Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants to over 100 countries and
the leading female migrant sending countries along with Indonesia. More than 8 million
(10%) out of the 85 million Filipinos were working or living abroad. While over 72% of
total migrants from Philippines were women workers. Many of these women work as
domestic helpers, nurses, caregivers, and entertainers. With this huge number of
Filipino migrants (and still more) living the country temporarily (or permanently), a more
pressing concern is with regards to children left behind.
Though there is no systematic data on the number of children left behind, it is
estimated to be 9 million or 27% of the total youth.
The impact of migration varies - ranging from economic benefits not only for the
family but the country in generally through its *remittances to the security and well-being
of the family of migrants. But a major concern here is the social costs of migration
specifically to the children left behind. Parental absence creates “displacement,
disruptions and changes in care giving arrangement.” There is always an emotional
aspect that goes along with parents leaving their children, especially for long periods of
time. Nevertheless, it is also a relief to have the extended family looking after the
children left-behind. However, it cannot negate the fact that the children are longing for
the love and care of their biological parents” said Reyes (2008).
According to the Literature Review of Reyes (2008) “Unlike the perceived
*notions, children of migrants performed well especially during grade school compared
to non-migrant children (based on the study of Scalabrini). This finding also came out in
the 1996 study (Battistella and Conaco) and seems to suggest the importance of
mother’s presence in the academic performance of the children. At the same time,
based from the actual interview and observation of Parreñas (2006) in the conduct of
her study, the two boys she met in one school who were labeled as trouble maker by
the guidance counselor have acted with respect and obedience and have higher
cognitive skills. This can also be seen in Cruz’ study (1987), where students’
performance did not show significant difference between children of migrants and
nonimmigrants, majority even received good ratings in terms of conduct and discipline
in class from the teachers (78% children of migrants and 81% children of non-migrants).
Cruz (1987) also noted that children of migrants interact more with classmates and
actively participate in class discussion/activities and *extra-curricular activities.” Even
children are behaving well, as disciplined one, as it coincide to the study of Parreñas,
and Cruz, still it shows the importance of a migrant parent’s care and guidance as they
tend to performed well, the emotions of migrant children has a possibility to affect them.
 According to Parreñas (2000) “Recognizing that the family is an adaptive unit that
responds to external forces, many children make do, even if doing so requires
tremendous sacrifices. They give up intimacy and familiarity with their parents. Often,
they attempt to make up for their migrant parents' hardships by maintaining close bonds
across great distances, even though most of them feel that such bonds could never
possibly draw their distant parent close enough. But their efforts are frequently
sustained by the belief that such emotional sacrifices are not without meaning-which
they are ultimately for the greater good of their families and their future.” In this study, it
shows here the ability of children to understand the sacrifices of their migrant parent
and draw some bonds in order to cope with the situation caused by great distance.
According to Cleofe (2016) “In our academic years, at some point of our life, we
all have experience pressure from our environment or *peers. We are forced to follow a
certain group just to be accepted. Furthermore, if you are not aware that negative *peer-
pressure (two types of peer-pressure: the negative and positive) is already changing
your values and behaviors of alcoholism, drug addiction, teenage pregnancy for girls,
bullying and school failures.” In this case, even the children tend to perform well there’s
a possibility at a process of trying times, children could not be able to manage the sense
of “abandonment” that may lead to the “easily-influenced” of peers resulting to the
conclusion given by Cleofe (2016).
“It is emotionally and physically challenging for the children to accept that their
family set-up is not the same with other families. However, as the child begins to
understand the rationale why the parent has to work abroad and is able to get back on
track and take on the responsibility of managing their own. In addition, In the
Philippines, having a *blue-collared job, one would not be able to financially support
their families unlike when they work abroad.” Atienza; Kapunan; Noe; Panlilio (2012)
At this point, knowing that migrant children’s could probably be affected
emotionally and cognitively by the fact that parents are miles away from them. Even
they are doing well academically or behavioral, the only way to resolve this is to draw a
communication and closer bonds to each, the children and the OFW parent, in order to
prevent an awkwardness that may build through a series of neglect.
Theoretical Framework

The effects of school performance have long been a subject of interest of

educational psychologists and sociologists. Generally, educational psychologists focus
on the student’s personality and parent-child interaction processes as important
variables of school achievement whereas sociologists emphasize the socio-cultural
variables in explaining variation in children’s school achievement. In recent years,
studies on the determinants of children’s school achievement have been extended to
another area, the parent’s work conditions or parental employment.

Relevant to these relationships is the theory on human cultural ecology

(Bronfenbrenner,1979; 1986; Bronfenbrenner and Crouter, 1983) which proposes that
family, home environment, social and cultural worlds interact with each other in various
levels and in ways which affect the child and family.

Schematic Diagram

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

 Study habits  Academic Performance

Hypothesis of the Study
With reference to the problems and objectives of the study stated earlier, the
following hypotheses were tested?

1.) There is no significant relationship between the pupil-respondent (socio-

demographic characteristics and academic performance."
2.) There is no significant relationship between parental involvement and academic
performance of the pupil-respondent.
3.) There is no significant relationship between home environment and academic
performance of the pupil-respondent.
4.) .There is no significant relationship between school motivation and academic
performance of the pupil-respondent.
5.) There is no significant relationship between pupil-respondent(s personal
adjustment and academic performance.
6.) There is no significant difference in the academic performance of children before
and during the migration of the parent.
7.) Private school participants perform significantly higher than their public school
counter parts.
8.) Pupil respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics, parental involvement,
home environment, school motivation, and personal adjustment do not predict
the academic performance of children.
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology which includes the research
design used in conducting the study. It also includes the sources of data, locale of the
study, population/sampling, and the instrumentation and data collection.

Research Locale

The locale of the study was conducted in San Agustin Institute of Technology
(SAIT) with the Grade 12 students

Research Design
This study used the quantitative research design. Quantitative research design
was used to collect and gather information about the effect of having an OFW parent on
the academic performance of Grade 12 students. Quantitative research design was
used to describe and to test relationships between objects. It was also presented in
numerical form, and analyzed through the use of statistics. It focused on gathering
numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular
phenomenon. This research design was used by giving questionnaires to the
respondents of this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

Research Instruments