LEA 3: INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL

SECURITY CONCEPTS

College of Criminal Justice Education

B.S. Criminology
 MODULE 1

Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY

First Semester / School Year 2020-2021

Prepared by:
Narvie O. Latina
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY
Overview
This chapter presents the historical development and evolution of Security, concepts
of security and safety, and related laws in security and detective agency operations,
management and administration.
Learning Outcomes

At the end of this chapter you can:

a. make a timeline on the history of security;

b. formulate own definition on security based from concepts of security and
safety;
c. Explain the different theories, concepts, and philosophy of security and
safety; and
d. synthesize the related laws in security and detective agency operations,
management and administration.

Lesson 1: The Concepts Security

A. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson you can:

a. conceptualized the meaning of the term security;

b. apply the different concepts of security; and
c. identify the categories of security.
B. Time allotment: 2hrs
C. Discussion
THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY

The word secure is derived from the Latin securus which means ‘’safe’’ or
‘’without care’’ or from se cura, wherein se means “free from” and cura means
“care”.

Related Concepts
Understanding the concept of security requires further definition of other
related concepts such as asset, risk, threat and vulnerability.
Asset is anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled
to produced value. If it has positive economic value it is considered an asset. Or
more simply, if its value can be converted into cash. e.g.
Risk is the uncertainty of financial loss, the probability that a loss has occurred or
will occur, or the possible occurrence of an undesirable event. The end results of risk
is loss or a decrease in value.
e.g. lost of life of your love once.
Threat is anything that could adversely affect assets; it can be classified into natural
hazards (such as floods), accidents (chemical spills), or intentional acts (domestic or
international terrorism).
Vulnerability means weakness, flaw, or virtually anything that may conceivably be
exploited by a threat; examples are holes in a fence, an out –of-date key system or
the introduction of a computer virus.

For a threat to be effective, it must interact either directly or

indirectly with the asset. To separate the threat from the asset is to avoid a
possible interaction. Therefore it is possible to have total (100%) security if
the threat and the asset are completely separated from each other.
Otherwise what you have is safety of the asset which is provided by the
controls you put on the asset or the degree to which you lessen the impact
of the threat.

CATEGORIES OF SECURITY
1. Physical security - pertains to al physical barriers employed or installed to
secure assets.
2. Personnel Security - refers to the procedure followed, or inquiries conducted,
and criteria applied to determine the work suitability of a particular applicant or the
retention of a particular employee.
3. Document and Information Security -refers to policies regulations, doctrines,
and practices enforced to safeguard the contents and integrity of any classified
information or document from compromise or loss.

In the private sphere, security can be even further categorized, as shown

below.

1. Industrial Security is a form of physical security involving industrial plants and

business enterprises. This involves the safeguarding of personnel, processes,
properties and operations.
2. Bank and Armor Security involves the protection resulting from the application
of various measure which safeguards cash and assets in storage, in transit, or
during transaction.
3. Hotel Security involves using various measures of protection for the guests,
personnel, properties and functions in hotels, restaurants, bars, and clubs.
4. V.I.P Security involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the government,
visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. Operational Security involves the protection of processes, formula, patents and
industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise
or infringement.
6. Communication Security involves the safeguard resulting from the application of
different measures which prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person from
gaining information through communication including transmission and
cryptographic.
7. Mall / Commercial Security is the degree of protection against danger, loss and
crime inside malls. As a form of protection, it refers to system, structures and
processes that provide or improve mall security as a conditions.

D. Activities : What I Learn?

Will be sent to you via google classroom on October 23, 2020.
Lesson 2: Development and Evolution of Security
A. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson you can:

a. Trace the historical roots of security during the prehistoric times, the ancient period
and the middle ages;

B. Time allotment:
C. Discussion
HISTORY OF SECURITY
Historical Roots of Security
The historical roots of privates security agencies can be traced back to
thousands of years when the protection of life and personal property were up to the
individual, and later on passed to tribes, and then to cities.
In pre-historical times, man recognized the need to keep himself safe from
both known and unknown enemies such as animals, other inhabitants and to
environment itself. He used different methods to keep himself safe such as crafting
weapons out of stone and metal, building fire toward of animals, staying in caves or
tree houses, and even staying in the middle of the lake for protection.
The Greek of the ancient period were the ones who organized the first police
force in city states which they termed POLIS. The Romans, on the other hand,
established the praetorian guards known as VIGILES who were tasked to be fire
fighters.
In the middle ages during their invasion of England, the French formed a
group of carefully selected men called shires or sheriff to look after the peace and
Order of the different regions.
The greatest influence in the history of security came from England. In 1655,
Oliver Cromwell set up in England and wales polices force that operated to capture
and punish criminals. In 1748, London magistrate Henry Fielding introduced the
concept of crime prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen that not only
chased criminals for felony and misdemeanor but also served fielding purpose of
preventing crime ahead of time with their patrolling function. Fifty years later, English
home secretary sir Robert Peel formed the first formal department.
During the colonial period in the United States, immigrants from England,
Ireland and Scotland came to American shores bringing with them British approach
to policing. At the time, law enforcement officer had no deal with rampant crime in
US cities and had little time and resources left to deal with the protection of private
property. Hence, citizens who wanted protection for their private properties had to
depend on the armed immigrants who were prepared to deal with criminals. This
watchman form of security was to become the early version of private security
practices that injure to this day (fay, 2006).
Brief History of Security in the Philippines
• The private security business begun on March 11, 1933 when the first
formally licensed private security agency “Special watchman agency” started
operation.
• Later it renamed “Jimenez Security Agency” founded by brothers Juan and
Pedro Jimenez;
• On May 30 1958, the Philippine association of detectives and protective
agency operations (PADPAO) was formally organized;
• RA.5487 was passed on June 13, 1969 thru the continuous lobbying of the
incorporators and officers of PADPAO, which set the standard and minimum
requirements for operations of security agencies.
• PD.11 was passed on October 3, 1972 widening the coverage of security
industry to include security guard employed in logging concessions, agricultural,
mining and pasture lands;
• PD.100 was issued on January 17 1973 broadening the coverage of security
industry to include employee of the national or local government or any agency who
are employed to watch or secure government building and properties.
• On August 1969, the Philippine Constabulary activated the security and
investigation supervisory office or SIASO to supervise and control the organization
and operation of private security and detective agency nationwide.
• Later it was renamed Philippine Constabulary Supervisory office for security
and investigation agencies PCSOSIA;
• With the passage of RA.6975, this unit was absorbed by the Philippine
National Police;
• Later it was made into a division of the PNP civil security group and was
renamed security agency and guard supervisory division (SAGSD);
• It was renamed to PNP supervisory office for security investigation agency
(SOSIA)

D. Activity: What I learn?

Will be sent to you via google classroom on October 23, 2020.
Lesson 3: Related Laws in Security and Detective Agency
Operations, Management and Administration
A. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson you can:

a. Explain the right to security of person guaranteed by the United Nations; and
b. Identify provisions and relevant laws to security in the Philippines.

B. Time allotment:
C. Discussion
LEGAL CONTEXT OF SECURITY
Man instinctively protects himself and those he holds dear (may it be
property, freedom or loved – ones) from danger or threat, with or without help from
others. This is the supreme law—the law of self- preservations.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
The universal declarations of human rights, which was adopted by the United
Nations on 10 December 1948, guarantees such instinct to protect in article 3, which
states that “everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of persons” (United
Nations, 1948, emphasis supplied.)
The international covenant on civil in political rights, a multilateral treaty also
adopted by the United Nations on 16 December 1966, further recognized this rights
to security of person in article 9 (1). Which states that: “Everyone has the right to
liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or
detention. No one shall deprived of his liberty except on such grounds in accordance
with such procedure as are established by law” (United Nations Human Rights
1966).
CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATES
1987 Philippine Constitution enunciates the first and foremost duty of the
government which is to serve and protect the people.
 Article II, section 4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and
protect people. The government may call upon the people to defend
the state and, in the fulfilment thereof, all citizen may be required by
law to render military or civilian service.
 Article II, section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the
protection of life, liberty, and property and the promotion of general
welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all people of the blessings of
the democracy.
  Article 3, section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, and
property without due process of law, nor shall a person be denied the
equal protection of laws.
 Article 3, section 2. The right of people to be secured in their persons,
houses and papers, and the effects of unreasonable searches and
seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable and
no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall be issued upon
determination of probable cause to be determine personally by the
judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant
and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the
place to be search and persons or thing to be seized.

Statutory Mandates

 Act 3815 (revised penal code (RPC), as amended). The RPC also insure
security and safety of the people by prohibiting and penalizing certain acts
such as: Crimes against the fundamental law of the state (arbitrary detention,
delaying release, expulsion, violation of domicile etc.), crimes against persons
(Parricide, murder, Homicide, physical injuries etc.), crimes against personal
liberty and security (kidnapping and illegal detention, unlawful arrest, etc.),
crimes against property (robbery, theft, etc.)

 Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as amended) Republic Act No. 5487
or "An Act to Regulate the Organization and Operation of Private Detective,
Watchmen or Security Guards Agencies," is amended by Presidential Decree
No. 11 on October 3, 1972. In this particular law, the security guards,
watchmen, private detectives and the security officers are considered as force
multipliers of the Philippine National Police (PNP) because of the role they
play in times of disaster or calamities. The chief of the PNP or the mayor of a
certain municipality or city may deputize them to assist the PNP in the
performance of the police duties for the duration of such emergency disaster
or calamity.

 Private security personnel „are called Protection Specialists because in the

present concept, the law enforcement and crime prevention are not solely
charged to the PNP. The five-pillar concept in criminal justice system calls for
the involvement of the private sector and the community to which much of the
success of law enforcement depends. Private security forces play a vital role
in this regard as they are a potent force in crime prevention. They have
contributed to the improvement of peace and order and the protection of lives
and properties in all areas of the country.

 The scope of the law covers originally promulgated and newly introduced
rules and regulations designed to professionalize the security industry.
Revisions were made to make the security business a more credible and
reliable sector in our country. New provisions include the rule on the utilization
of security personnel in certain types of services. The training program for
 private security personnel was also expanded in order to develop skills and
knowledge suitable to current and future applications.

 Presidential Decree No. 1919 (Amending RA 5487 and PD 100)

 Presidential Decree No. 1919 amended further The Private Security Agency
Law on April 28, 1984 with the following changes:

a. Defining watchman or security guard to include those from government

entities

b. Specifying the employment of a minimum of 200 and a maximum of

I,000 licensed security guards for any private security agency

c. Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for company guard forces.

 RA 5487, as amended the private security agency law which governs the
organization, operation business and activities of private detectives,
watchmen, or security guard agencies.

 PD. No. 11. As amended certain provisions of RA.5487, such as section 3 (d)
which defines a watchman or security guard, watchman or security guard
agency, section 4, specifying person who may organize a security or
watchmen agency, and section 18

 PD.No.100. amended sec. 3d, section 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and paragraph 3 of

section 16 of RA.5487

 PD. No. 1919. Amended section 3d, section 18, paragraph 3 of section 8,
paragraph 1 of section 16 of RA.5487.

D. Activities: What I learn?

Will be sent to you via google classroom on October 23, 2020.

E. Evaluation
Will be sent to you via google classroom on October 23, 2020.

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