KV60

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KV60

Burial site of Sitre In and Hatshepsut

KV60 is located in EgyptKV60KV60

Coordinates 25°44′20.6″N 32°36′11.3″ECoordinates: 25°44′20.6″N 32°36′11.3″E

Location East Valley of the Kings

Discovered 1903

Excavated by Howard Carter

Edward R. Ayrton

Donald P. Ryan

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KV61

Tomb KV60 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings is one of the more perplexing tombs of the Theban Necropolis,
due to the uncertainty over the identity of one female mummy found there (KV60A). She is thought by
some, such as the Egyptologist Elizabeth Thomas, to be that of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh
Hatshepsut.[1] This identification has been advocated by Egyptologist Zahi Hawass.[2]

Contents

1 Layout

2 Discovery and investigation

3 Mummies

3.1 KV60A

3.2 KV60B
4 References

5 External links

Layout

This small, uninscribed tomb is located approximately 11.3 metres (37 ft) front of the entrance of the
tomb of Mentuherkhepshef (KV19). It consists of a rough, steep, flight of stairs leading to a doorway
blocked with large stones. A pair of niches are cut into the wall just inside the entrance. A straight
passage that is about 8 metres (26 ft) long descends to a low, roughly cut chamber which measures
about 5.5 by 6.5 by 2 metres (18.0 ft × 21.3 ft × 6.6 ft) high. A small side chamber branches off about
halfway down the descending corridor.[3]

Discovery and investigation

This tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in 1903 during excavations conducted by the Antiquities
Service on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. The burial was found to have been ransacked in antiquity but
still held two female mummies, one lying in the base of a coffin, and some mummified geese. Carter
reclosed the tomb, only removing the geese.[4]

In 1906, Edward R. Ayrton reopened it while clearing KV19; he removed one mummy (KV60B) together
with the coffin base to the Egyptian Museum.[5] Since neither Carter nor Ayrton drew plans or maps
indicating the location of the tomb, the whereabouts of the tomb became forgotten.

In 1989, the tomb was rediscovered, reopened and properly excavated by a team led by Donald P. Ryan
and Mark Papworth. They found the tomb corridor littered with assorted debris; in niches on either side
of the door were piled various broken pieces of funerary equipment, including the face of a coffin, its
golden surface and inlaid eyes having been adzed off in antiquity. A wedjat eye was painted in each
niche. An unwrapped piece of mummified meat sat on the doorstep of the small side chamber. This
chamber, which was not noted by Carter, contained the discarded wrappings of the leg, which may have
looked like a small human mummy when wrapped, and the moved limestone blocking that originally
sealed the room's entrance. The burial chamber was found to be relatively clean, but was scattered with
fragments of a burial. A pile of mummified food offerings sat opposite the entrance, and in the centre of
the floor, still lay the lone female mummy (KV60A). Following mapping and excavation, she was placed in
a new wooden coffin, and left in the tomb, which was resealed with a new metal door.[3]

Mummies
KV60A

The KV60A mummy, thought to be that of Hatshepsut

This mummy is reasonably preserved, with a height of 159 centimetres (5.22 ft), and aged 50–60 years
old at the time of her death. She was obese in life, and suffered from poor health; many of her teeth are
missing or badly decayed, and a single root from a molar is retained in the jaw. This tooth appears to
have been abscessed and extracted just before death. Her poor oral health combined with her weight
may indicate she had diabetes. Her brain was not removed. Her heart is preserved in her chest and her
torso is filled with embalming packs.[6] She was eviscerated through the pelvic floor instead of through
an embalming incision, perhaps due to her weight. Her left arm is crossed over her chest while the right
arm is at her side. The fingernails of her left hand are tinted red and outlined in black.[3] She may have
had cancer: a tumor destroyed part of her left hip, and spread to her lumbar vertebrae. Her cause of
death is assumed to be due to the metastatic cancer, complications of diabetes, or an abscessed molar
that was extracted shortly before her death.[6]

Elizabeth Thomas was the first to propose that this mummy was that of Hatshepsut, relocated to the
tomb of her nurse by Thutmose III, as part of his campaign of official hostility towards her.[7] Ryan and
Papworth's 1989 excavation produced evidence both in favour of, and casting doubt on the suggestion.
On the supporting side, the mummy proved to be that of a relatively elderly lady, with her left arm flexed
in the pose thought to mark royal women of the 18th Dynasty. On the other hand, few inscribed or
dateable materials were recovered, meaning that a date range could not be firmly established. The
wooden coffin face had a notch, presumably to take a false beard despite the fact that the tomb
contained only women, and Hatshepsut is known to have used a false beard. Ryan felt, at that time, that
advocating for KV60A as the mummy of Hatshepsut would be "foolishly premature", instead suggesting
she could be any of a number of royal women or nurses from the period.[3]

The identification of this mummy as Hatshepsut hinges on the contents of a wooden box inscribed with
her cartouches discovered inside the cache DB320. When it was CT-scanned in 2007, it was found to
contain a mummified liver and intestine, as well as a molar tooth that lacks one root.[8] The tooth was
found to match the size, shape, and density of the remaining molars, as well as lacking the same root
that is still present in the jaw.[6][2]

However, doubt has been cast on the validity of this attribution; the tooth may have been misidentified,
[9] and the match has yet to be confirmed by DNA testing.[10][11]
A large resin-covered coffin fragment recovered from the burial chamber was found, when cleaned, to
name a hitherto unknown temple singer called Ty. Ryan suggests in his retrospective that, given the
concerns over the accuracy of the identification of KV60A as Hatshepsut, it may have been readily
accepted that the tomb belonged to a royal nurse and a singer if Elizabeth Thomas had not suggested
Hatshepsut as one of the occupants.[12]

KV60B

This well-preserved mummy is about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) tall. She has long red hair remaining on her
head. Her right arm at her side, and the left arm is placed across her torso; the left hand is closed. She
was eviscerated through a V-shaped embalming incision. Traces of fine linen bandages remain, with the
fingers individually wrapped. Robbers looking for valuables have torn away much of the bandaging,
which is bundled at the bottom of the coffin.[13] She was once thought by Hawass to be the mummy of
Hatshepsut.[14]

The 2.13 metres (7.0 ft) coffin base she was found lying in was inscribed with the name and title wr šdt
nfrw nswt In, meaning the Great Royal Nurse, In. This personage has been widely identified with Sitre In,
the royal nurse of Hatshepsut, who is known from her sandstone statue from Deir el Bahari.[13]

References

Notes

Highfield, Roger (27 June 2007). "How I found Queen Hatshepsut". Daily Telegraph. London. Archived
from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 2014-09-22.

Hawass, Zahi. "Search for Hatshepsut". Retrieved 4 September 2020.

Ryan, Donald P. (1990). "Who Is Buried In KV60?". KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. 1 (1): 34–
63.

Carter, Howard (1903). "Report of Work Done in Upper Egypt (1902-1903)". Annales du Service des
Antiquités de l'Égypte. 4: 176–177. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

Reeves, Nicholas; Wilkinson, Richard H. (2010). The Complete Valley of the Kings : Tombs and Treasures
of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs (Paperback reprint ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 186–187. ISBN
978-0-500-28403-2.

Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs : CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal
Mummies. Cairo: The American University in Cairo. pp. 59–63. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.

Thomas, Elizabeth (1966). The Royal Necropoleis of Thebes. Princeton. p. 138.

Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs : CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal
Mummies. Cairo: The American University in Cairo. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.

Thimes, J. L. (2008). "A Dental Observation". KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. 19 (3): 6–7.

Bickerstaffe, D., The Burial of Hatshepsut. The Heritage of Egypt, Issue 1 - January 2008, pp. 2-9.

Marchant, J., (2013), The Shadow King: The Bizarre Afterlife of King Tut's Mummy, Da Capo Press, 2013,
Chapter 13.

Ryan, Donald P. (2019–2020). "KV60: A Retrospective". KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. 30 (4):
61–66.

Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs : CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal
Mummies. Cairo: The American University in Cairo. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.

Hawass, Zahi (2006). "Quest For The Mummy Of Hatshepsut: Could She Be the Lady in the Attic of the
Egyptian Museum, Cairo?". KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. 17 (2): 40–43.