Práctico 3.

Determinantes

Problemas propuestos Ayuda y respuesta

Calcular los determinantes 2x2, 3x3 mediante producto de Respuestas.
diagonales y método de Sarrus.
| A|=1 ;|B|=4 a ;|C|=23
2 3 2 −a −3 2
A= [ ] [
3 5
; B=
2 a
; C=
−4 −5 ] [ ] |D|=30 ;|E|=−5 ;|F|=2 ad−2 bc

2 4 6 2 −5 3 |G|=10 ;|H|=0;|I |=2 y3

[ ] [ ]
D= 3 4 8 ; E= 3 −2 1
5 5 5 4 −6 3

2 3 4 4 0 3

[ ] [ ]
F= 0 a b ; G= 0 1 0
0 c d 2 0 4

0 2b 0 0 y y

[ ] [ ]
H= 2 b 2 b 2b ; I = y 0
0 2b 0 y y
y
0

Hallara las submatrices y calcular sus correspondientes menores de I: Ejemplo.

las matrices.
1 5 7
1 5 7

[ ] [ ]
1 5 7
A= 2 3 3 ; B= 2 3 3
3 1 6 3 1 6
[ ] 2 3 3 →
3 1 6

M 11= 3 3 ;|M 11|=( 3 ∙ 6−3∙ 1 )=15 Menor

1 3 8 4 1 0 1 8 1 6[ ]
C= 0
6
3
[ ] [ ]
1
3
7
4 2 ; D=
2 9
1 5
7
6
3
1
2
1
4
2
1
2
9
5

Hallar las matrices de cofactores de (A´) de las siguientes matrices. Respuestas

A= 1 −2 ; B= 1 4 ; C= x 2 y A= 5 −3 ; B= 5 3 ; C= v −u
[
3 5 −3 5] [ u v] [ ] [
2 1 ] [
−4 1 ] [
−2 y x ]
0 −1 5 3 0 −1 −5 −8
D=[
−1 0 ]
; E=[
D=[
−1 0 ] ; E=[
8 −5 ] −3 5 ]

−4 7 −5 6 −15 −16 −1 0

] [ ] [ ] [ ] [
1 3 −3 2 3 −2 1 3 3

[
F= 1 2 2 ; G= 5 2
4 3 1
0
3 −2 3 ] [
; H= 4 0 1
4 1 1
F= −12 13 9 ;G= −5 12
12 −5 −1
13
4 −10 −11
; H= 0 −11
3 11 −

7 7 −7 0 −5 13 −7 −3
1
I= 2
0
1
3

[ ][ ]
1
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
1 ; J=
2
0
1
2
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
3
0
1
2
0
I=
[
9 −3
−8 −2 4
−1 2
6
−11 −1 9 −4
; J = 2 −4 2
−1 2 −1 0
2 −5 3
][
1

1
]
Usando cofactores, calcular los determinantes de las matrices. Respuestas
 A= [ 11 23] ; B=[−21 −2
−1 ]
| A|=1 ;|B|=4 ;|C|=−5 ;|D|=1 ;|E|=5 ;|F|=−1
1 0 2 2 0 −1

[ ] [
C= 2 1 2 ; D= 1 1 2
4 1 1 4 1 1 ]
1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
E= 0
0
1
[ ][ ]1
1
2
3
1
3
1 ; F=
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
1
3
1
2
0

Hallar la matriz adjunta de las siguientes matrices.

Respuestas
1 −2 1 4 x 2y
A= [
3 5
; B=
−3 −5 ] [
; C=
u v ] [ ] A= [−35 21] ; B=[−53 −41 ] ; C=[−uv −2 y
x ]
D= 0 1 ; E= −5 3
[
−1 0 ] [
8 −5 ] D=[ 0 −1 ] ; E=[−5 −3 ]
1 0 −8 −5
1 3 0 2 3 −2 1 3 3

[ ] [
F= 1 2 2 ; G= 5 2
4 3 1
0 ; H= 4 0 1
3 −2 3 4 1 1 ] [ ] [ −4 −3 6
F= 7
6 −5 4 −1

] [
0
1 −2 ;G= −15 12 −10 ; H= 0 −11 1
−5 9 −1 −16 13 −11 4 11 − ] [
1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0
I= 2
0
1
[ ][ ]1
1
2
3
1
3
1 ; J=
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
2
0
1
3
1
2
0 [
7 9 −8 −11
I = 7 −3 −2 −1 ; J =
−7 −1 4
0 2
9
6 −4
][
−5 −4 2 1
13 −4 2 −5
−7 4 −2 −1
−3 0 −6 3
]
Hallar la matriz inversa, usando la matriz adjunta. Respuestas

1 2 1 4 −2 2 −1 1
A=[ ] 2 2
; B=[ ] 1 5
;
[ ]
C=
2 −1
−1
A =
[ ] 1
−1
2
; B−1= 5 −4
[
−1 1 ] ;

D=[ 2 0 ] E=[ 5 5 ] F=[1 1 ] 1

0 2

1 2 1
;
2 4

1 3 1
;
1 2

1 2 6
C= 2
1 [ ] 1
1

[ ] [ ] [ ]
G= 2 2 6 ; H= 2 9 3 ; I= 5 3 9 1 2 −1
2 2 5

1 2 5

[ ] [ ] [ ]
K= 1 3 2
7 2 1

2 1 3
; L= 2 3 2
7 0 0

1 2 4
; M= 3 5 8
D −1= 2
0[ ] [ ]
1
2
2 −1
0
; E−1= 5
−1
5
2
1
2
;

2 4 9 5 7 5 5 7 9 −1
F = [
−1 1 ]
1 0 2 1 −4 0 1 2
N= 2
0
1
[ ] [ 1
1
2
3
1
1
1 ; O=
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
1
0
] −1

−1
I =?
−1 −4 5

0[
G = 1 1.5 −2
1 −1 ] [
;
−1
3 −1 0
H = 19 −6 −1
−59 19 3 ] ;
 −19 −2 11 −1 −16 7

[
K −1 = 5
2
1 −3
0 −1 ] [ ; L−1= 0
1
5
9
−2
−4 ]
11 −10 4

[
M −1= −13 11 −4
4 −3 1 ]
−9 7 1 −4

1
[
N −1 = 1 −1 0
7 −5 −1 3
−4 3
1 −4
1

1 −2
3
]
−1
O = −4
3
1
[
−3 14
2 −10
1 −3
−10
8
2
]
Por reducción por filas, calcular los determinantes.

1 0 2 1 1 −1 0 −2 3 2 −1 3

[ ] [ ]
A= 3 1 4 =−10; B= 3 −2 0 =−33 ; C= 1 2 −3 =10; D= 4 0 6 =−18
2 0 −6 5 1 4 4 0 5 5 −2 3 [ ] [ ]
1 −1 2 4 0 2 5 4 1 2 0 0

[
E= 0 −3 5
1 4 0
0 5 −6
3
7
]
6 =−260 ; F=
[ 1
0
2
0 −1 3 =1; G=
0 0 −1
3 5 0
] [ 3 −2 0 0 =−80
0 0 1 −2
0 0 3 2
]
2 −1 0 4 1 g 0 0 0 0

[
3 1 −1 2 0
H= 3 2 −2 5 1 =−21 ; H =
0 0
3 2
4 −1 6
1 −1 1
] [ ] 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o

Por la regla de CHIO calcular los determinantes de las matrices.

k
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
0
5 =?
0
0

−2 3 6 0 0 5 0 3 −1 −3 2 5

[ ] [ ]
A= 4 1 8 =−36 ; B= 1 0 0 =−10 ; C= 3 1 4 =−25; D= 1 −1 2 =−35
−2 0 0 0 −2 4 −1 4 0 −1 4 0 [ ] [ ]
3 −1 2 1 1 1 −1 0 3 6 3 6
E= 4
[ 3 1
−1 0 2 3
6
−2

2 5 3
=33 ; F= −3
2
4
] [ 4 6 0 =−63 ; G=
5 −1 3
0 3 0
] [ ] 2 1 5
2 4 2
6 3 9
4 =−108
6
9
 2 5 −6 8 0 1 −1 2 0 0

[
0 1 −7 6 0
H= 0 0
0 2
0 4 0 =−480 ; I =
1 5 1
4 −1 5 3 0
] [ 3 1 4 0
2 −1 5 0
0 0 0 2
0 o 0 −1

Resolver por la regla de CRAMER los siguientes sistemas lineales.

0

]
0 =66
3
4

x 1+ 3 x 2 +2 x 3 −x 4=17

{
x 1 +3 x 2+ 4 x 3=29
2 x1 +5 x 2+7 x 3=50
3 x 1 +2 x2 +6 x 3=34
{
2 x 1+3 x 2 +5 x 3 =36
3 x 1 +7 x 2+ 4 x 3=39
4 x 1 +2 x2 +3 x 3=33 {
3 x 1+2 x 2−3 x 3+ x 4=16
2 x 1 +4 x2 +5 x 3−x 4 =31
7 x1−2 x 2−3 x 3+ x 4=24