Kannada Language School 1

Verbs week 1

Verbs - kriyaapadagaLu
Verbs as you know are action words. In kannaDa as in other Indian languages verb is affected not only by
tense but also by the subject (1st, 2nd or 3rd person, number, and gender). The following section will help
you choose appropriate form of some commonly used verbs.

Tenses and their usage:

Simple past:

To indicate an action completed in the past.

Example: naanu ninne mangaLooru-nalli iddenu

I was in mangaLooru yesterday.

Present perfect:

To indicate activities completed in the immediate past.

Example: avanu ivaaga mane-ge band-idaane

He has just come home.

To express past action whose time is not specified.

Example: neevu home work maaD-ideeraa?

Have you done home work?

To describe past event whose effect is more in the present than the action itself.

Example: naayi ella biscuits tind-ide

The dog has eaten all the biscuits.

Present continuous:

For an action going on at the time of speaking.

Example: huDugaru hockey aaDta idaare

Boys are playing hockey.

For an action which is continuing but not necessarily happening at the time of speaking.

Example: naanu sangeeta kaleeta ideeni

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Verbs week 1

I am learning music.

For an action which began in the past but is still continuing.

Example: naavu ee kelasa hattu varsha-inda maaDta ideevi

We have been doing this job for ten years.

For an action that has already been arranged or planned to take place in the future.

Example: avaLu mundina vaara switzerland-ge hogta idaaLe

She is going to Switzerland next week.

Simple present:

To express habitual action.

Example: neevu prati dina tea kuDiteeraa?

Do you drink tea everyday.

To express general truths.

Example: soorya pashchima-nalli muLugutte

Sun sets in the west.

To express a future event that is part of a fixed program.

Example: pandya raatri ombattu ganTe-ge aarambha aagutte

The match starts at 9 pm.

Future:

To indicate events that will happen in the future where the actual time may or may not be specified.

Example: naaLe bank muchchi irutte

The bank will be closed tomorrow.

naanu champion aagteenaa?

Will I become a champion?

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Verbs week 1

Past continous:

To denote an action which was going on at some time in the past where the time of action may or may
not be indicated.

Example: naavu ninne sanje TV noDta iddevu

We were watching TV last evening.

To express a habitual action of the past.

Example: neevu prati beLigge praarthane maaDta iddiraa?

Were you praying every morning?

Past perfect:

To describe an action completed before a certain moment in the past.

Example: naanu ee pustaka hattu varshada hinde od-iddenu

I had read this book ten years ago.

Future continuous:

For habitual actions likely to continue in the future.

Example: naanu jaipur-ge hogta irteeni

I keep going to jaipur.

To talk about actions which will be in progress at a specified time in future.

Example: namma vimaana naaLe ee samayakke alps mele haarta irutte

Our plane will be flying over the Alps this time tomorrow.

Note:

Ø Most commonly used tenses are simple past, present perfect, present continuous, simple
present and future. These will be presented to you in the primary table.
Ø In kannaDa verb forms for simple present and future are the same.
Ø Uncommonly used tenses, past continuous, past perfect and future continuous will be
presented as annexure.

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Verbs week 1

Verb root: ir (be / stay)

Noun form: iruvudu (to be/to stay)

Imperative:

· You be/stay = iri

· You don’t be/stay = irbeDi

The verb ‘ir’ is a close equivalent of English verbs be and stay. Used independently, it refers to a state of
existence or being in a particular place, situation or time. It also refers to staying at a particular place.
Apart from the above it is used in its various forms along with almost all other verbs. In that sense its
forms are equivalent of English forms am, are, is, was, were etc. Combination of other verbs with ‘ir‘ is
especially important for making continuous tenses.

Also note that when conjugated in various forms the root ‘ir’ may not be evident but may change to
‘idd’.

Table for choice of verb form – Statement and open ended questions

naanu Naavu neenu neevu avanu/ avaLu avaru adu/idu avu/ivu Negation
ivanu /ivaLu /ivaru
Simple iddenu Iddevu idde iddiri iddanu iddaL iddar ittu iddavu irlilla
Past u u
Present idd-ideeni idd- idd- idd- idd- idd- idd- idd-ide idd-ive idd-illa
Perfect ideevi ideeya ideeri idaane idaaL idaar
e e
Present ideeni ideevi ideeya ideeri idaane idaaL idaar ide ive illa
continuous e e
no.1
Present irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta
continous ideeni Ideevi ideeya ideeri idaane idaaL idaar ide ive illa
no.2 e e
Simple irteeni irteevi irteeya irteeri irtaane irtaaL irtaar irutte iruttave iralla
present and e e
Future

Note: You may notice there are two rows for present continuous tense. For all other verbs present
continous forms will be as shown in row no.2 (verb root + ta + ending word).

But, for the root ‘ir’ present continous forms will be as shown in row no.1 and forms shown in row no.2
are rarely, if ever, used.

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Verbs week 1

Examples:

I was in Berlin last year at this time.

naanu hindina varsha ee samayakke berlin-nalli iddenu
Where will you stay to night?
neevu ee raatri elli irteeri?
We have stayed at this hotel before.
naavu ee hotel-nalli munche idd-ideevi
Why are they always in the room?
avaru yaake yaavaagaloo room-nalli irtaare?
Stay right there.
allE iri
I won’t stay in this shack.
naanu ee shack-nalli iralla
How many people were there, Kaaliya?
eshTu jana iddaru, kaaliya?

Annexure:

Past irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irtta irta
Continuo iddenu iddevu idde iddiri iddanu iddaLu iddaru ittu iddavu irlilla
us
Past iddidden iddiddev iddidd iddiddi iddiddan iddiddaL iddiddar idditt iddiddav iddirlill
perfect u u e ri u u u u u a
Future irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta
continous irteeni Irteevi irteey irteeri irtaane irtaaLe irtaare irutte iruttave iralla
a

Example:

We had stayed at the same hotel the last time.

naavu hindina sala kooDa idE hotel-nalli idd-iddevu

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Verbs week 1

Table for choice of verb form – Close ended questions

naanu Naavu Neenu neevu avanu/ivanu avaLu/ivaLu avaru/ivaru adu/idu avu
Simple iddenaa iddevaa iddeyaa iddiraa iddanaa iddaLaa iddaraa ittaa idda
past
Present idd- idd- idd- idd- idd-idaanaa idd-idaaLaa idd-idaaraa idd- idd-
Perfect ideenaa ideevaa ideeyaa ideeraa ideyaa
Present ideenaa ideevaa ideeyaa ideeraa idaanaa idaaLaa idaaraa ideyaa ivey
continuous
Present irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta
continous ideenaa ideevaa ideeyaa ideeraa idaanaa idaaLaa idaaraa ideyaa ivey
Simple irteenaa irteevaa irteeyaa irteeraa irtaanaa irtaaLaa irtaaraa iruttaa irut
present
and
Future
Examples:

Will you stay here till late night?

neevu taDa raatri varege illi irteeraa?
Are they not staying with us?
avaru namma jate irta illwa?
Are there fifteen people in total?
oTTaare hadinaidu jana idaaraa?
Aren’t we in heaven?
naavu svarga-nalli illwa?
Will it be in your cupboard?
adu nimma kapaaTi-nalli iruttaa?

Annexure:

Past irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irtta irta
Continu iddenaa iddevaa iddeyaa iddiraa iddanaa iddaLaa iddaraa ittaa iddavaa irlillwa
ous
Past iddidde iddidde iddidde iddiddi iddidda iddidda iddidda idditt iddiddav iddirlill
perfect naa vaa yaa raa naa Laa raa aa aa wa
Future irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta irta
contino irteenaa irteevaa irteeyaa irteera irtaanaa irtaaLaa irtaaraa irutta iruttave irallwa
us a a yaa

Examples:

Was she staying at this hostel?

avaLu ee hostel-nalli irta iddalaa?

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Verbs week 1

Verb root: hog (go)

Noun form: hoguvudu (to go)

Imperative:

· You go = hogi
· You don’t go = hogbeDi

Note that when conjugated in various forms the root ‘hog’ may not be evident but may change to ‘hod’.

Table for choice of verb form – Statement and open ended questions

naanu naavu neenu neevu avanu/iva avaLu/iv avaru/iv adu/id avu/i Negati
nu aLu aru u vu on
Simple hodenu hodevu hode hodiri hodanu hodaLu hodaru hoyittu hoda hoglilla
past vu
Present hog hog hog- hog hog hog hog hog hog hog
perfect -ideeni -ideevi ideey -ideeri -idaane -idaaLe -idaare -ide -ive -illa
a
Present hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogt hogta
continou ideeni ideevi ideey ideeri idaane idaaLe idaare ide a illa
s a ive

Simple hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog
present teeni teevi teeya teeri taane taaLe taare utte uttav alla
and e
Future

Examples:

I went to maisooru with my friends.

naanu nanna geLeyara jatege maisoorige hodenu
Children are going to school.
makkaLu shaale-ge hogta-idaare
Birds return to their nest in the evening.
hakkigaLu sanje avugaLa gooDi-ge tirugi hoguttave
Where did Pradyumna go?
Pradyumna elli hodanu?
He has gone to music class.
avanu sangeeta paaThakke hog-idaane
Who went with the wind?
gaaLi jatege yaaru hodaru?

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Verbs week 1

Annexure:

Past hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogt hogta
Continu iddenu iddevu idde iddiri iddanu iddaLu iddaru ittu a irlilla
ous idda
vu
Past hogidde hogidde hogid hogidd hogiddan hog hog hog hog hog
perfect nu vu de iri u iddaLu iddaru ittu idda irlilla
vu
Future hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogt hogta
continou irteeni irteevi irteey irteeri irtaane irtaaLe irtaare irutte a iralla
s a irutt
ave

Example:

We used to go swimming together in our childhood.

naavu baalya-nalli oTTige swimming hogta iddevu
Pussy cat, pussy cat, where had you been?
bekke, bekke, elli-ge hogidde?
I keep going to London.
naanu london-ge hogta irteeni

Table for choice of verb form – Close ended questions

Naanu naavu neenu neevu avanu/iv avaLu/iv avaru/iv adu/id avu/iv Negati
anu aLu aru u u on
Simple hodena hodeva hodeyaa hodiraa hodanaa hodaLaa hodaraa hoyita hodava hoglill
past a a a a wa
Present hog- hog- hog- hog- hog hog hog hog- hog- hog
Perfect ideenaa ideeva ideeyaa ideeraa -idaanaa -idaaLaa -idaaraa ideyaa iveyaa -illwa
a
Present hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta
contino ideenaa ideeva ideeyaa ideeraa idaanaa idaaLaa idaaraa ideyaa iveyaa illwa
us a
Simple hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog hog
present teenaa teevaa teeyaa teeraa taanaa taaLaa taaraa uttaa uttava allwa
and a
Future

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Verbs week 1

Examples:

Does this train go to Hyderabad?

ee train hyderabad-ge hoguttaa?
Did you not go with him?
neevu avana jatege hoglillwa?
Are we going home now?
naavu eega mane-ge hogta ideevaa?
Have they been on the moon?
avaru chandrana mele hogidaaraa?
Annexure:

Past hogidde hogidde hogid hogidd hogiddan hogiddaL hogiddar hogitta hogi hogirlil
perfect naa vaa deyaa iraa aa aa aa a ddav lwa
aa
Past hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogt hogta
Continu iddenaa iddevaa iddey iddiraa iddanaa iddaLaa iddaraa ittaa a irlillwa
ous aa idda
vaa
Future hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogta hogt hogta
continou irteenaa irteevaa irteey irteera irtaanaa irtaaLaa irtaaraa iruttaa a irallwa
s aa a irutt
avaa

Example:

Had you not gone bungee jumping?

neevu bungee jumping hogirlillwa?

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Verbs week 1

Verb root: aag (become/happen)

Noun form: aaguvudu (to become/ to happen)

Imperative:

· You become = aagi

· You don’t become = aagbeDi

Note: The verb root ‘aag’ denotes occurance of an event or attainment of a particular state. It is used as
a suffix to other words which denote an event or a state, as you will see in our examples.

Table for choice of verb form – Statement and open ended questions

naanu naavu neen neevu avanu/iv avaLu/iv avaru/iv adu/id avu/ Negati
u anu aLu aru u ivu on
Simple aadenu aadevu aade aadiri aadanu aadaLu aadaru aayitu aad aaglill
past avu a
Present aag aag aag- aag aag aag aag aag aag aag
perfect -ideeni -ideevi ideey -ideeri -idaane -idaaLe -idaare -ide -ive -illa
a
Present aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
contino ideeni ideevi ideey ideeri idaane idaaLe idaare ide a illa
us a ive

Simple aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag
present teeni teevi teeya teeri taane taaLe taare utte utta alla
and ve
Future

Examples:

When will I become a star?

naanu yaavaaga star aagteeni?
What happened to you?
nimage enu aayitu?
We are getting ready.
naavu ready aagta ideevi
I did not pass my driving test.
naanu nanna driving test pass aaglilla
They will realize this later.

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Verbs week 1

avarige idu aamele realize aagutte

Children become grown ups.
makkaLu doDDavaru aagtaare

Annexure:

Past aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
continu iddenu iddevu idde iddiri iddanu iddaLu iddaru ittu a irlilla
ous idda
vu
Past aagidd aagidd aagid aagid aagidda aag aag aag aag aag
perfect enu evu de diri nu iddaLu iddaru ittu idda irlilla
vu
Future aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
contino irteeni irteevi irteey irteeri irtaane irtaaLe irtaare irutte a iralla
us a irutt
ave

Examples:

I was preparing for my exams.

naanu nanna exams-gaagi prepare aagta-iddenu
My cat had become fat.
nanna bekku dappa aagittu

Table for choice of verb form – Close ended questions

naanu naavu neen neevu avanu/iv avaLu/iv avaru/iv adu/id avu/ Negati
u anu aLu aru u ivu on
Simple aadena aadeva aade aadira aadanaa aadaLaa aadaraa aayita aad aaglill
past a a yaa a a avaa wa
Present aag- aag- aag- aag- aag aag aag aag- aag- aag
perfect ideena ideeva ideey ideera -idaanaa -idaaLaa -idaaraa ideyaa ivey -illwa
a a aa a aa
Present aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
contino ideena ideeva ideey ideera idaanaa idaaLaa idaaraa ideyaa a illwa
us a a aa a ivey
aa

Simple aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag aag
present teenaa teevaa teeya teera taanaa taaLaa taaraa uttaa utta allwa
and a a vaa
Future
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Verbs week 1

Example:

Will I become rich?

naanu shreemanta aagteenaa?
Are you becoming thin?
neevu saNNa aagta ideeraa?
Is this really happening?
idu nijavaagi aagta ideyaa?
Will we become good people?
naavu oLLe jana aagteevaa?
Did he not pass?
avanu pass aaglillwa?
Is she not ageing?
avaLige age aagta illwa?
Is our work done?
namma kelasa aayitaa?

Annexure:

Past aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
continu iddena iddeva iddey iddira iddanaa iddaLaa iddaraa ittaa a irlillwa
ous a a aa a idda
vaa
Past aagidd aagidd aagid aagid aagidda aag aag aag aag aag
perfect enaa evaa deya diraa naa iddaLaa iddaraa ittaa idda irlillwa
a vaa
Future aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagta aagt aagta
contino irteena irteeva irteey irteer irtaanaa irtaaLaa irtaaraa irutta a irallwa
us a a aa aa a irutt
avaa

Example:

Had I really become so boring?

naanu nijavaagi ashTu boring aagiddenaa?

Note: in the form aagi it is suffixed to nouns or adjectives to make adverbs. E.g.: nijavaagi = truly/really,
vegavaagi = quickly, sundaravaagi = beautifully, santoshavaagi = happily etc

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