2020/11/8

Outline of Building Survey for

Simple Evaluation Methods of
Existing Buildings in Myanmar
(TOT of Short Course Training)

11 November 2020
“Project for
Dissemination and Implementation
of Simple Seismic Evaluation Method
for Existing Buildings in Myanmar
(DISEM)”

Contents

- Background of the Simple Evaluation Method for

Existing Buildings in Myanmar

- Simple Evaluation Process and necessary

information by Building Survey

- Outline of Building Survey for Simple Evaluation

of existing buildings in Myanmar

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What to do next?! You are to prepare for future!

Everyone knows and says

“Buildings in Myanmar are vulnerable”
Options for solution
Most vulnerable (existing)
>> demolished and rebuilt / relocate (new)
Most important and vulnerable (existing)
>> retrofitting (strengthening)
Newly construction (new)
>> built following MNBC

But Almost all people do not know

“How much they are weak quantitatively” 3

Way for safer existing buildings in Myanmar!

1) First: To know the current situation of exiting buildings,
2) Building Evaluation should clarify the way at first stage.
3) After simple and detail Evaluation,
4) For the target buildings, Retrofit Design and Construction
Concept of Process toward Seismic Resistant Buildings
Strong - Rapid Visual Screening Resistant
- Simplified Evaluation - Detail Evaluation
- Advanced Simplified - Modeling, ETABS/Pushover Resistant
Evaluation - Mixture Evaluation with
Resistant
ASCE and Japanese standard
Resistant
Simple Evaluations

Resistant
Need MNBC
Screening

Retrofit

Existing Further Need Criteria

Evaluation

buildings retrofitting - Retrofit Design

Detail

Detail
- Construction
evaluation
& Rebuild
Demolish

Vulnerable New
Safer
Vulnerable Buildings

Weak
Actual situation is the Initial Key for future solution. 4

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First Step is Screening / Simple Evaluation

SE/ASE has been selected in this project of DISEM

- used in Myanmar, and has proper applicability
(2016-2019)

Need Building Survey or default values from experiences 5

Example of SE and ASE in Myanmar (2016-2019)

Final Capacity Rank and Recommendation
SE: 80% III, ASE: almost half III I :May be safe
Need detail evaluation immediately II :Detail evaluation recommended
III:Immediately detail evaluation recommended
F undam ental perio d

Simplify
F undam ental Perio d

Si te inv es tigati o n

Sei sm i c A rea
A ppro xim ate

SE ASE
Cal c ulated
H i ght( m )

Project
Fl oor

W /ΣA CF c
Year

IMS0

No
Year T Sd Total Total
Hoop

C F IMS IMD Seismic Gravity C F τ D @ φ IMS Seismic Gravity

Evaluation Evaluation

1 6 2010 18.91 0.92 2.278 ☓ Yangon 0.40 1.00 1.00 0.196 0.10 1.70 0.10 4.91 SC DA III 0.15 1.00 0.716 200 NO 200 10 0.15 SC DA III
2016-17
2 8 2010 30.00 1.39 2.652 ☓ Yangon 0.26 1.00 1.00 0.239 0.08 1.00 0.08 5.98 SC DA III 0.17 1.00 0.989 350 NO 100 6 0.17 SB DA II
3 4 1974 14.80 0.75 - 〇 Yangon 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.219 0.17 1.70 0.29 2.95 SB DA II 0.17 1.70 0.508 350 YES 150 10 0.29 SB DA II
4 5 1991 22.10 1.06 - 〇 Yangon 0.35 1.00 1.00 0.270 0.11 1.00 0.11 4.59 SC DA III - - - - - - - - - -
5 6 1995 18.30 0.89 - 〇 Yangon 0.41 1.00 1.00 0.224 0.13 1.00 0.13 3.81 SC DA III - - - - - - - - - -
2018
6 6 1997 17.30 0.85 - 〇 Yangon 0.43 1.00 1.00 0.258 0.11 1.00 0.11 4.38 SC DA III - - - - - - - - - -
7 5 1995 16.60 0.82 - 〇 Yangon 0.45 1.00 1.00 0.266 0.11 1.00 0.11 4.53 SC DA III - - - - - - - - - -
8 10 1995 31.70 1.46 - 〇 Yangon 0.25 1.00 1.00 0.431 0.08 1.00 0.08 7.32 SC DA III - - - - - - - - - -
9 4 1998 11.58 0.59 - ☓ Yangon 0.61 1.00 1.00 0.204 0.15 1.00 0.14 3.46 SC DA III 0.15 1.00 0.530 225 YES 150 6 0.15 SC DA III
10 3 1998 8.84 0.46 - ☓ Yangon 0.61 1.00 1.00 0.151 0.20 1.00 0.19 2.57 SC DA III 0.21 1.00 0.525 225 YES 150 6 0.20 SC DA III
11 5 1998 14.33 0.72 - ☓ Yangon 0.51 1.00 1.00 0.265 0.11 1.00 0.11 4.51 SC DA III 0.11 1.00 0.512 225 YES 150 6 0.11 SC DA III
12 5 1998 14.33 0.72 - ☓ Yangon 0.51 1.00 1.00 0.246 0.12 1.00 0.12 4.18 SC DA III 0.13 1.00 0.596 225 YES 150 6 0.13 SC DA III
2019 13 3 2008 11.00 0.56 - ☓ Yangon 0.61 1.00 1.00 0.160 0.18 1.00 0.18 3.19 SC DA III 0.27 1.00 0.765 200 NO 200 6 0.27 SC DA III
14 6 2014 18.91 0.92 - 〇 Yangon 0.40 1.00 1.00 0.160 0.11 1.70 0.19 4.40 SC DA III 0.29 1.70 1.277 350 YES 100 10 0.49 SA DA I
15 6 2019 18.91 0.92 - 〇 Yangon 0.40 1.00 1.00 0.154 0.11 1.70 0.18 4.62 SC DA III 0.25 1.70 1.144 350 YES 100 10 0.42 SA DA I
19 3 1991 11.00 0.56 - ☓ Yangon 0.61 1.00 1.00 0.140 0.24 1.70 0.41 2.37 SB DA II 0.41 1.70 0.884 450 YES 150 9 0.70 SA DA I
20 4 1995 14.64 0.73 - ☓ Yangon 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.158 0.22 1.70 0.37 2.68 SB DA II 0.26 1.70 0.634 400 YES 150 9 0.44 SB DA II

We can consider next to do with owners and Engineers

for improvement actions of existing buildings in Myanmar 6

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First Step is Screening / Simple Evaluation

Information and judgement of SE/ASE

Simplified Assessment (SE) and Advanced Simplified Evaluation (ASE)
are done based on available structural and architectural drawings only.
If detail drawings are not available,
at least following information should be available:
In case of
1. Column and beam layout plan drawings not available,
2. Column size Necessary data
3. Architectural floor plan should be procured by
4. Ground floor height Building Survey or
5. Subsoil report or foundation detail default values
6. Concrete strength from references
7. Construction period Tests are for ASE,
8. Reinforcement arrangement not available this time 7
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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

Initial STEP: Building Basic Information by visual surveyed at site
drawings
Basic Inofrmation Available NA
Building Name Office A drawings O (H)
Story: n 4 drawings O
Occupancy Office drawings O (H)
Location Yangon drawings O (H)
Site Class(Soil class) D soil report (H)
Building Height: hn 12 m drawings calc.
Construction Year 1998 drawings O (H)
Structura Type RC in fill (SMF/IMF/OMF) drawings O (H)
Material
Concrete Strength: Fc (default*) 19.0 Mpa default default
Yield strength: fy (default*) 275 MPa default default
(if there are actual data, they should be used)
Unite Weight
Office (default) 10 kN/m2 drawings default
2
Roof (default) 7 kN/m drawings default
#Unite Weight include Note:
Dead Load (Beam,column,Slab,wall and Finishing) O: Outside Survey
and Live Load for seismic H: Hearing/Interview
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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 0: Building Floor Plan, Layout To be drafted at site

floor plan sketch

of Ground Floor is
highly required
Including,
floor area (building size),
span of columns,
number of columns,
location of columns,
column size

The important items to be assumed for

SE and ASE calculation

Classify the columns on the ground floor into three types

according to their structural characteristics.

C1 corner column

C2 side column

C3 middle column

In some cases, sizes of columns etc. are hidden for measuring

and then we are to do as far as possible, but not all.
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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 1: Building Weight: W
2 2
Building Height: hn =12.0m Unit weight (kN/m ) Floor Area (m ) Floor weight: Wi
Floor Height: hf RF Roof RC Slab 7 × 265.5 ＝ 1,859 kN
+
3.0m 3F RC Slab
3F (office) 10 × 265.5 ＝ 2,655 kN
+
3.0m 2F RC Slab
2F (office) 10 × 265.5 ＝ 2,655 kN
+
3.0m 1F RC Slab
1F (office) 10 × 265.5 ＝ 2,655 kN

3.0m GF RC Slab
GF (office) Total Building weight Σwi 9,824 kN

floor area, floor

Weight of the building:
W = Total floor area × floor load/unit area height, number of
story are necessary
For typical floor: floor load/ unit area = 10 kN/m2
For Roof: floor load/ unit area = 7 kN/m2 11

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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 2: Column Section Area: ΣAci
2
b(mm) D(mm) Section Area(mm ) Number Sub total
C1 300 × 300 → 90,000 × 4 ＝ 360,000 mm2
+
2
C2 290 × 290 → 84,100 × 18 ＝ 1,513,800 mm
+
2
C3 310 × 310 → 96,100 × 8 ＝ 768,800 mm

Tensile reinforcing bars d =40

c Total　ΣAci 2,642,600 mm2
3-16 φ

b(mm) D(mm)
C1: 300 300
b= 300

C2: 290 290

C3: 310 310
Y
D=300
sizes of column, number and
X
Total reinforcing bars C1
C1,C2,C3
location of columns are necessary
8-16 φ

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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 3: Shear Strength Qu and Strength Index: Cs = Qu/W

floor height, beam depth for

clear height are necessary

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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 4: Gravity (Service) Load Rank

‘DA’ means
gravity load
is quite OK
Judgment for service load
IMD02 ＜IMD : Remarkably lower than gravity load capacity demand (Rank DC)
IMD01 ≦IMD≦ IMD02 : Lower than gravity load capacity demand ((Rank DB)
IMD＜IMD01 : Higher than gravity load capacity demand (Rank DA)
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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 5: Ductility Index: FM

Hoop & tie information is necessary, but this time not available,
therefore judgment of structural type should be necessary.
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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 6: Time Index: T, and Irregularity Index: SD Building age,
deterioration and
irregularity status
information are
useful.

STEP 7: Seismic Index of Structure: IMS

Seismic Capacity Index: IMS
Cs FM T SD IMS
0.135 × 1.6 × 1.0 × 0.9 ＝ 0.194

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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 8: Seismic Demand Index: IMS0 and Judgement of Seismic Capacity

Occupancy for index I,

and soil type, region
are necessary for Sa
(spectrum curves).

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Calculation Process of SE (Simplified Evaluation)

STEP 9: Judgment of Seismic Capacity
Seismic Capacity Index Seismic Demand Index
IMS IMS0
0.194 / 0.6 = 0.32
Sa
Is (g) For SE (Yangon Soil Class D )
0 .90
IMS / IMS1 < 0.5
0 .80
Seismic Capacity Rank
0 .70 SA
SC
0 .60 I MS0=0.6
0 .50
Service load is safer (DA), but SB
0 .40
Seismic Capacity is vulnerable (Sc) IMS0
0 .30
Final Capacity Rank Is 'III' 0.5IMS0
SC
0 .20
"immediately I Ms of SE =0.194
0 .10
detail evaluation
0 .00
recommended" 0 .0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ts =0.61 s ec Period Ts (sec)
Period,T(sec)

Judgment for seismic capacity

IMS ≧ IMSO : Higher than seismic demand (Rank SA)
0.5IMSO≦ IMS＜IMSO : Lower than seismic demand (Rank SB)
IMS＜0.5IMSO : Remarkably lower than seismic demand (Rank SC)
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Outline of Building Survey for SE

- Types of Building Survey -
Survey venue Items Contents
Total View Photos (front, sides)

Building Area Length (longitudinal, transverse), length of span

Outside Survey Number of story

(mainly visual) Structural type RC infill (SMF/IMF/OMF) etc.

Location GPS (latitude , longitude)

Circumstances Deterioration, environment, topography

Hearing / Building name

Interview / Address
References
(owner, resident, Construction age
user, neighbor) (structural type) (RC infill etc.)

Layout plan Total shape, column location, span length

Inside Survey Column Location, number, size of 3 types (corner, side, middle
(basically
Ground Floor) Beam Size (typical depth)

Floor height
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Outline of Building Survey for SE

- Building Basic Information -
Items contents
Building Name (H)
Address (H)
Location (O) GPS (latitude, longitude)
Address (H)
No of story (O)
Construction age (H)
Structural type (O), (H) RC infill (SMF/IMF/OMF) etc.
Circumstances (O) (H) deterioration, surroundings, topography etc.
Building Area (O) Area: longitude: transvers:
Building photos (O)
(Total View: front, sides)

Date and surveyor Date: / / Surveyor:

where, (O) is Outside Survey, (H) is Hearing/Interview, and (I) I Inside Survey 20

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Outline of Building Survey for SE

- Building Attributes Information -
Items Contents
Building area (I) Measure longitudinal, transverse length, spans
Column (I) location, number, size of 3 types (corner, side, middle)
(I) C1 (corner) C2 (side) C3 (middle)
Width b
Depth D
number

Beam (I) Size (typical depth)

(I) B1 (corner) B2 (side) B3 (middle)
Width b
Depth D
number

Floor height: hn Floor clear height: h0

Layout plan (I) Total shape,
column location,
span length etc.

Date and surveyor Date: / / Surveyor:

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where, (O) is Outside Survey, (H) is Hearing/Interview, and (I) I Inside Survey

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Outline of Building Survey for SE

- Building survey process -
Draft Layout Plan
Process Image
1) Select target building & find out
orientation of building /Photos
2) Find out (ground floor)
- Total shape of building (building area)
- Column: location, number, size (3 types)
- Beam: size (depth), (possibly) positions
- Span length
- Floor height /clear height
- (if possible) Positions of door & window
3) Draw a ground floor plan (raw drawing)
according to the site survey
③4369④

4) Prepared a plan of ground floor and

①4369②2667

section & elevation of all grids.

1410
A

3200 4191 3200

D

A
B
C

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Outline of Building Survey for SE and ASE

- Support data for soil type -

Yangon city has a

detailed Vs30 map
based on
geomorphological data.
This may suggest the
soil type at sites in
Yangon.

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Rebound Hammer for concrete strength
Process Image
1) Select target column, or beam and
locationfor test
2) Strip column plaster
- total size: 30x30cm
- marking 5x5=25points with 3-5cm
interval for testing)
3) Rebound Hammer test after removed
plaster surface
- (L-type Schmidt Hammer)
Conduct Rebound Hammer test with
reading the rebound values

4) Recover plaster with non-shrink mortar

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Note for Rebound Hammer
for concrete strength 7.57 kN/mm2
Similar two columns
showed quite
different results.

17.4 kN/mm2

Observation is needed, because

we should consider why the two
columns are quit different results
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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Note for Rebound Hammer
for concrete strength
Descriptions
1. Column No.
2. Brick chips or Stone chips
3. Color of Matrix:
Brown./Light brown/
Light Gray/ Gray and so on
4. Slip by nail or not (softness)
5. Any other things:
as engineer’s judgment
6. Design information
such as Fc and main bar
strength / materials .

Request Photos and observation description

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Rebound Hammer for concrete strength : 2017 survey
: 2018 survey

Myanmar has
sometimes F
low strength
concrete
Nakajima (average: 2017)
Japan Materials Inst.(1958).
Kato (light: 1975)
Nakajima’s Nakajima
equation* Nakajima

will be more
suitable
rather than
those of
Japan
Materials R:
Institute’s**
or Kato’s *Nakajima’s equation is based on data from Bangladesh
equation for (Y. Nakajima et al., AIJ (2017)) (F(MPa) = 0.9369*R-19.573-sigma(2.8))
light concrete. **Japan Materials Institute’s equation (1958) is basically using data
of Japan. (F(MPa) = 1.27*R-18) 27

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Rebar Detector for reinforcement arrangement
Process Image
1) Select target column, or beam and
locationfor test

2) Detect Rebar locations by Re-bar

scanner (detector)
- two directions of
horizontal (main Rebar) and Column stirrup Column main
vertical (stirrup/hoop Rebar) location Rebar location
- marking by colored tapes for showing
the rebar locations

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Rebar Detector for reinforcement arrangement

Request Design information in the datasheet

Site survey result If you find the

Designed data difference
from design,
you should
check another
column again.

The arrangement of rebar between the site survey and design are sometimes different
To make sure, to go to top roof to confirm it is recommended. (see Next Slide) 29

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Outline of Building Survey for ASE

- Building survey process -
Rebar Detector for reinforcement arrangement

Request Design information in the datasheet

At the top-floor of existing buildings,

you may confirm the rebar arrangement.
So, we can compare it with design.
Of course, it is the possibility that the
ground floor situation is different from
that of top floor, but it can help our
interpretation of the building survey.

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Outline of Building Survey for SE/ASE

- Building survey process -

Evidence is inevitable

Photo with scale is highly required for evidence

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Outline of Building Survey for SE/ASE

- Building survey process -
Suggestion; To establish the MT: Management Team
• To collect basic information
• To develop survey plan
• To take photos of the
Management Team working situation of the
teams
• To take photo of a whole
buildings
Team A Team B Team C • Supervising work
- Schedule,
- Quality and
- Safety
during the site
Thank you
for your attention and cooperation! 32

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