This peptide bond is formed between an amino group of one amino acid and an acid carboxyl group of

another amino acid.

The smallest protein has about 50 amino acids. However, large proteins can have as many as 1000 amino
acids, arranged in any possible sequence. It is estimated that human cells can create between 80 000 to 100
000 different proteins.
 
Many proteins function as enzymes, which are molecules that catalyze or speed up chemical reactions in the
body. The reactant molecules bind to the active site of the enzymes, where they react to form products.
Enzymes have shapes that are highly specific for their functions. A slight change to their structures will
inhibit them to do their function.

Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's
tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs
 
A Fibrous protein is a protein with an elongated (oblong) shape. Fibrous proteins provide structural support
for cells and tissues. 
Monomers are the building blocks for biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and
carbohydrates
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates in that they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates
They are broken down into smaller glucose units that can be easily absorbed by the cells.
Cellulose is the main substance found in plant cell walls and helps the plant to remain stiff and strong.
Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as a source of fibre. Cellulose is used to make
clothes and paper.

Lipids
Solid - Fats, such as lard and butter, are produced by animals.
Liquid - Oils, such as coconut and olive oils, are produced by plants.
Plants often produce wax that coats their leaves which prevents them from drying out. Animals such as bees
also produce wax. Bees create their honeycomb structures from beeswax.

A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)

C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)

But why not A with C and G with T? The answer: only with A & T and with C & G are there opportunities
to establish hydrogen bonds (shown here as dotted lines) between them (two between A & T; three between
C & G). These relationships are often called the rules of Watson-Crick base pairing, named after the two
scientists who discovered their structural basis.
RNA has three types, messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).

The reason for this is because molecules also need to collide with the right orientation, so that
the proper atoms line up with one another, and bonds can break and re-form in the necessary fashion.
. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by
lowering activation energy.