WORKSHOP THEORY & PRACTICE (REPORTING)

Group 2
Leader:
Toliao, Estherlyn O.
Members:
Baritogo. Maria Theresa C.
Brillante, Keneth John B.
Dela Rama, Clark Kevin D.
Gandionco, Jhon Clifford J.
Genegabuas, John U.
Repaso, John Allen L.

RIVETING

Reporters:
Baritogo, Maria Theresa C.
Dela Rama, Clark Kevin D.

What is Riveting?
Riveting is the permanent connection of two or more work pieces, the rivet being
put as a joint in a predrilled bore hole and formed on one or both ends.
A rivet is a metal pin that is placed in between two matched holes and then
upset by either a hand tool or pneumatic rivet gun that expands the pin and creates a
uniform head that sits smoothly on the surface.
Figure 1: Riveting
Figure 2: Riveted connection
1 - Closing head (button head)
2 - Set head (countersunk-head)

The riveted parts can be connected in a movable, fixed, close or fixed and close
manner.

For the critical components of an aircraft's body, though, rivets are preferred
because of their ability to withstand extreme stress without breaking or otherwise
succumbing to damage.

Kinds of Rivets:

1. Button head rivets

They are used in components, where the projecting head does not disturb and are
especially suitable for fixed and close joints, because a strong clamping effect is
achieved by them.

2. Countersunk-head rivet

This is used in components or parts the surfaces of which must not become uneven
by projecting rivet heads; it is not suitable for highly stressed connections.

3. Oval head countersunk rivet

They are used for such parts where the surface is rough and uneven and where no
special demands are made on the quality of the surface or - on the contrary - an uneven
surface shall be achieved (gangways, steel stairs - nonskid property).

4. Boiler construction rivet

A button head rivet with conical shank, which can be easily put into not quite
accurately aligned bore holes. This rivet is used in the construction of pressure vessels
and boilers. By caulking the plate edges and rivet heads, close and fixed connections
are achieved.

5. Explosive rivets

These are used, if the components are accessible only from one side (light metal
construction, aircraft manufacture). The explosive charge is electrically ignited thus
widening the rivet shank.
 6. Belt rivet

The belt rivet is used for connecting soft materials such as leather, rubber, felt.

7. Hollow civet or tubular rivet

This kind of rivet is used to connect delicate materials - the hammering of the rivet
head requires only little force.

Kinds of Riveted Joints:

Movable rivetings are always made in the form of individual rivetings; the parts
can be moved against one another after being riveted.

Fixed rivetings are mostly made in the form of riveted seams at plates.

Movable riveting (example: tongs)

We distinguish between:

- Kind of joint - butt joints, lap riveted joints

Single-row lap riveted joint

- Number of rows - single-row, multirow

Double-row parallel lap riveted joint

- Arrangement of rivets - parallel, zigzag

Double-row parallel butt riveted joint

Double-row zigzag butt riveted joint

Tools and Auxiliary Means for Riveting:

1. Riveting hammer

These are locksmith's hammers of a weight between 50 g and 200 g. Hand

hammers of a weight between 200 g and 400 g are also used.
 2. Rivet setter

It serves for setting the set head to the workpiece and for pressing on the plates to
be riveted. The head bore side is hardened.

3. Rivet header

It serves for finish-forming the closing head of button head rivets after it had been
preshaped by the hammer. The head recess is hardened and polished.

4. Rivet support (counter holder)

This receives the set head of a button head rivet and is equipped with a head
recess. There are fixed rivet supports for clamping in a vice as well as adjustable ones.
Fixed riveting support
The latter are placed under big workpieces and adjusted with the help of a screw.
Adjustable riveting support

5. Clamping tools

Various clamps or clamp dogs may be used for clamping the plates; in clamping
jaws for round material, rivet bolts can be preformed.
Clamping by hand vice

Technological Process of Riveting

 Clamping/drilling:

All plates to be riveted must be clamped with one another as tightly as possible and
be drilled together.

With separately drilled parts, attention has to be paid that misaligned holes are
reamed by a structural reamer.
  Inserting/setting

The rivet is inserted into the bore hole, the workpieces are placed on the riveting
support in such a way that the set head is underneath. By hammer blows on the rivet
setter, the plates are pressed together and the set head draws itself to the workpiece.

 Upsetting

By a couple of hammer blows accurately in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the
rivet is upset - until it fills up the bore hole completely.

 Preforming/heading

By even and steady blows around the rivet head, the rivet head is preformed, if a
button head riveting shall be made.

 Finish-forming of the button closing head

If the closing head has been preformed sufficiently, the head is finish-formed by the
rivet header.

Riveting faults

 If the rivet shank is too long, the superfluous material forms a wreath at the head
of the closing head.
 If the rivet shank is too short, the closing head is not sufficiently formed.
 If the plates are not enough tightened by the rivet setter, the shank is squeezed
between the plates, a wreath appears and the closing head is not correctly
formed.
 If the hammer blows on the rivet setter are too strong, the upper plate is
squeezed too much and bows.
 If the bore holes are heavily misaligned, the rivet shank will be notched, so that
the rivet cannot stand high shearing loads.
 If the rivet hole is too large, the rivet shank bends, the closing head is not formed.

Calculations for the Selection of Rivets:

If on the working drawing no details on the rivet are indicated, the following has
to be taken into consideration:
 The diameter of the rivet shank shall be at least one quarter of the thickness of
all plates to be riveted - formula:

D = diameter of the rivet shank

s = thickness of all plates to be riveted (clamping length)

Figure 22 - Riveted joint:

1 - Diameter of the rivet shank

2 - Length of the rivet shank
3 - Allowance
4 - Clamping length

The length of the rivet shank has to be calculated on the basis of the thickness of
all plates to be riveted:

The rivet shank must be longer than the thickness of all plates to be riveted by
the measure of the "allowance" - formula:

L=S+z

L = length of the rivet shank

S = thickness of all plates to be riveted
Z = allowance
The allowance depends on the kind of rivet and on the field of application.

Types of Rivet Guns:

1. Hand Rivet Gun
Hand powered pop rivet guns work with a simple lever and squeeze technique. The
first step when using one, is to choose the appropriate sized nose piece. Rivet guns
normally come with several options to fit a range of blind rivets. Hand-operated riveters
fit a variety of rivets, are usually made of mostly steel with a rubber grip and offer the
cheapest cost.
Hand Rivet Guns are an excellent choice for the occasional user. If you find your
project having just a few rivets, then this will do the trick. The biggest con on this riveting
tool is the squeeze and the amount of time it takes. Used repeatedly, it can be very
stressful on the hands, wrists and forearms making it less than ideal for projects
requiring many rivets.
 2. Heavy Duty Lever Riveter
Heavy Duty Lever Riveting Tools are the next step up in rivet guns. They also come
with nose pieces but work with a wider range of rivet sizes. Lever rivet tools tend to be
more heavy duty than a hand rivet gun and are easier on the user. Due to their larger
size and lever action, they reduce the amount of physical strength required by the hand
riveter. They also come with a collection bottle that catches the snapped mandrels after
installation.
To install a rivet using the lever riveting gun, first, open the arms all the way. Then
insert the mandrel into the nose piece. Once the body reaches the nose piece, insert it
into the installation hole. Then squeeze the two handles together. This will pull the
mandrel in and snap it off. Now hold the lever rivet gun so the nose piece is in the air
and open the arms. This will release the hold on the mandrel and it will fall into the
bottle catch.
The heavy duty lever riveting tool is an excellent tool found on many job sites. It
makes installing blind rivets easier than using the hand riveter but is still manually done.
It does come at a higher price point than the standard hand riveter but also comes with
the ability to use a wider and larger range of rivets.

3. Cordless Battery Riveting Tool

Battery Powered POP Rivet Guns come in many varieties. The two main types
function basically the same way, except for the last step. One type of battery powered
rivet gun spits the mandrel out from the front of the gun and the other pulls the mandrel
into a mandrel holder, so you do not need to worry about them until emptying the catch.
Battery powered riveters are great for the job site. They offer the versatility of not
having a cord and the ease of simply pushing a button to install the rivet. Choosing the
version with the mandrel catch is typically more expensive than the other battery
powered option. The catch version makes installations faster by collecting the mandrels
for you but be careful not to over-fill the catch or the gun may jam.

4. Pneumatic Rivet Gun

Pneumatic Rivet Guns are powered by compressed air to very quickly and easily
install blind rivets. With a built-in catch, the pneumatic riveting tool is easily the fastest
way to install rivets.
The downside to pneumatic riveters is that they require a hosed connection to
compressed air. This limits their versatility and portability more than any of the other
tools available, but if the project requires installing a large number of rivets, this is
undoubtedly the best tool to use to get it done.
What is a Pop Rivet and how do they work?

Pop rivets, also known as blind rivets, are a type of rivet. They are used in
applications where there is limited - or no - access to the rear side (blind side) of the
parts to be joined.

Pop rivets consist of two parts. The first part is called the rivet body (also known
as the shell or hat) and the second part is called the mandrel (also known as the stem).

In situations where access to both sides of a component is limited, a hole is first

drilled through the parts to be joined. A pop rivet is then inserted through the drilled hole
and the rivet body is brought into contact with the parts. A pop rivet gun is placed on the
rivet, pulling the mandrel into the rivet body, causing it to expand and grip the parts to
be joined. Once gripped, the mandrel snaps, permanently holding the rivet in place. This
results in a localized joint.

They are used to make high strength joints in a range of materials, including
metals, plastics, wood and leather. Typically, the processes is used for joining plastic or
sheet metal.

To enable pop rivets to meet the requirements of a wide variety of applications, they
are available in many materials, including:

 Steel
 Stainless steel
 Monel
 Copper
 Aluminium

Blind Rivets are Useful for:

 General steelmetal operation.
 Assembling of electrical appliances.
 Laying of ducts.
 Advertising signboards and steel furniture.
 Assembling of cars.
 Prefabricated houses.
 Interior finish work of ships.
 Architectural sheetmetal operation.
What are the parts of a riveter?

1. Riveter handle

The handle provides users with a comfortable grip while squeezing to install rivets.

2. Riveter handle lock

The lock secures both handles together, making the riveter easier to store.

3. Riveter long arm handles

Riveters are available with long arm handles so that users can install rivets using
two hands.
The arms provide extra reach and the ability to apply more pressure when
squeezing the handles.

4. Riveter pistol handle

This handle is similar to a pistol’s. The ergonomically styled handle has finger
grooves which provide a comfortable and secure grip while installing rivets.

5. Riveter one handed handle

This type of handle – fitted to riveters with extending bodies (see below) – allows
one hand to be used to install rivets. It has finger grooves for a comfortable grip.

6. Riveter mandrel collector

The mandrel breaks away when the rivet is installed. On some types of riveter,
mandrels are stored in a container between the handles, known as the mandrel
collector, which saves them being scattered around the work area.
 7. Riveter head

The heads of many riveters can turn 360 degrees, enabling the nozzle to be
positioned at any angle while the handles remain in a comfortable position for the user
to squeeze.

8. Riveter nose

The nose holds the nozzle which is used to hold the rivet while it is being installed.

9. Riveter long nose

On some models, a longer nose provides extra reach for accessing recessed areas.

10. Riveter nozzle

The nozzle is the part of the riveter that grips and pulls the mandrel while the rivet is
being installed. The nozzles are interchangeable so they can be used with different
sized rivets.

11. Riveter adjustable nozzle

Adjustable nozzles can handle four sizes. Turning the nozzle changes the size.

12. Riveter spanner

The spanner is usually attached to the body of the riveter. It can be detached and
used to loosen or tighten the different sized nozzles which are attached to the nose of
some types of riveter.
13. Riveter extending body

An extending body is used on certain types of riveter. The body is extended then
pushed back on itself to install rivets.
8 Safety Tips for Using a Pop Rivet Gun

1 – Read the Instruction Manual Before Use

To safely operate the pop rivet gun, you must be familiar with its working. Read

the instruction manual thoroughly before you use the tool. This will also save you time
and enable you to work better.

2 – Wear Required Protection

When you work with a pop rivet gun, you must protect your body from possible

injuries. Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from flying particles or debris. It is

also recommended to wear gloves and a safety jacket. To avoid accidents, people in
the vicinity must also wear required protection.

3 – Never Use in the Presence of Combustible or Explosive Materials

It is very risky to use a pop rivet gun in the presence of flammable materials or

liquids. Always operate the tool a safe distance away from kerosene, petrol or gasoline.

Also keep it away from appliances such as heaters or fireplaces. Also be careful around

explosive materials. If you are working in a warehouse or a similar environment, ensure

that the surrounding area is free of all such materials.

4 – Wear Appropriate Clothing

When you are operating a pop rivet gun, you must minimize the chances of any

clothing or accessories getting stuck in between the moving parts. Avoid wearing loose,
flowing clothing, and carefully restrain ong hair. Do not wear flowing jewelry, either. If
any such articles get trapped in the tool, it can cause serious accidents and injuries.

5 – Perform Regular Maintenance

Keep a regular maintenance schedule for your pop rivet gun. Have the tool

inspected and services by a qualified person at regular intervals. This will ensure proper

operation. With regular maintenance, you can also maintain your tool in prime condition
and avoid costly repairs.

6 – Never Attempt to Perform Repairs Yourself

If you have problems with your tool, avoid trying to make repairs yourself. This

will also void any warranty you may have with your pop rivet gun. Improper repairs can
lead to malfunctioning of the tool.

7 – Keep Gun Pointed Away from Yourself and Other People

Always be careful about the placement of the pop rivet gun. Keep your fingers

and body away from the line of fire. Also ensure that people in the vicinity are not in the
way. Keep young children and pets away from the work area.

8 – Store in a Safe Place

After you finish working with the pop rivet gun, keep it in a safe storage area.

Ensure that young children or inexperienced users do not have access to the tool.
Protect the gun from moisture and heat.
Riveting Process

 Select the correct rivet and correct size of rivet. Drill pilot holes in the material to
be riveted and remove any burrs.

 Check that the rivet tool has the correctly sized nosepiece to match the size rivet
you are using. Change the nose piece if necessary to match the rivet.

 Insert the rivet into the gun and push the rivet through the materials to be riveted.
Squeeze and release the rivet tool handle to compress the rivet. Continue this
process until the rivet stem or shank breaks away from the rivet head.

 Check the rivet joint to ensure the pieces are firmly held together.

How to Remove a Solid Rivet

Step 1 - Determine Point of Drilling

Rivets usually have a dimple on the head and this is the point of drilling. But a

variety of rivets have no such dimples to determine the center of the head. If this is the

case then you would have to grind the head with a dremel to create a flat surface to
work with. Create an indentation in the center of the flat surface using the center punch.

Step 2 - Drilling Process

Carefully drill through the rivet head. You should drill until you reach the shop
head.

Step 3 - Removing the Head

Lightly tap the head of the rivet with a drift punch, making sure that the hole is not

enlarged in the process. If it is you will have to replace the rivet with a larger one to fit
the hole. The head should be easily severed and the stem should fall out on its own. In
other cases, you may have to drill a bit more to the stem before it falls of. But a pair of

pliers could be used to pull the stem in case it fails to fall on its own. Problems like this

usually occur when the drilling process is done improperly. Make sure you drill on the
center of the grounded head.

Step 4 - Replacement

Replace the rivet with a new one. If the process was undertaken properly then

the same sized rivet could be used to fit the hole. If the hole got bigger, then use a
bigger size rivet for replacement.

Removing a solid rivet should not be an exhausting job as the right techniques

employed will enable you to remove the solid rivet without damaging the hole and the

project in the process. Rivets of all sizes could be removed using this technique, but as
the rivet gets smaller a smaller drill bit should be used to drill the head.

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages?

Advantages include:

 Being cost effective

 Allowing for joining of parts when there is limited rear access
 Being durable
 Being lighter than bolts/screws (dependent on rivet material)

Disadvantages include:

 Being difficult to remove once placed

 Protruding from the sheet metal surface, potentially creating a hazard and
reducing aerodynamics
 Potential corrosion issues if the rivet material differs from the metal parts to be
joined
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http://prod.lv2014.gener8cms.net/index.php/20-disc-brakes/section-1/tooleq/2466-
riveting-
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JVxgvSEnngI

http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0cdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---
4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-
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https://www.doityourself.com/stry/8-safety-tips-for-using-a-pop-rivet-gun

https://www.doityourself.com/stry/how-to-remove-a-solid-rivet

https://www.goebelfasteners.com/types-of-rivet-tools-which-applications-to-use-them/

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rivet?fbclid=IwAR1UahQbWn0457RXWRmTrWSnoNoEeq0OBMapwSucqVK4ZC9jf8Pg
E117qEk

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