Injibara University

Math3091
Number Theory

Instructor’s Information

Name: Miliyon T.
Email: miliyon@ymail.com
Office No: 201 (Block 202)
Office Hours: TBD

Course Description: This course covers algebraic structure of integers, basic notions of divisi-
bility theory, Diophantine equations, theory of congruence and equations over finite rings, deci-
mal representations of rational numbers, continued fractions, and quadratic extension of rational
numbers.
Prerequisite(s): Math1012.
Credit Hours: 3 hrs

Course Objectives:
At the completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. explain basic properties of integers,

2. use prime factorization of integers to find the LCM and GCF of two or more integers,
3. compute the LCM and GCF of two or more integers with the help of Euclidean Algorithm,
4. apply different techniques to solve Diophantine Equations,
5. understand the basic notions of congruence,
6. construct the rings of integers modulo n,
7. apply Euler-Fermat Theorem,
8. express a rational number as a decimal expansion,
9. differentiate the different types of continued fractions.
Course Outline:

Chapter Content
Basic properties
of integers
Chapter 1

þ Definition and examples of ODEs

þ Order of a differential equation
å linear and nonlinear ODE
þ Nature of Solutions of ODEs:
å particular and general solutions

1
Diophantine equations
þ Initial value problem
Chapter 2

þ Existence of a unique solution (Picard’s Theorem)

þ Method of separable of variables
þ Homogeneous equations
þ Exact equations
þ Linear equations
þ Orthogonal trajectories
Theory of congruence

þ Preliminary theory
Chapter 3

å IVPs and BVPs

å Linear dependence and the Wronskian
å Homogeneous linear equations
å Superposition principle
å Linearly independent solutions and existence of fundamental set of solutions for
homogeneous equations
å Particular and general solutions of nonhomogeneous equations
þ Solution methods of certain class of linear equations
å Reduction of order
å Constructing a second solution from a known solution
å The method of undetermined coefficients
å Variation of parameters
þ Applications of second ODEs to simple harmonic and damped motions
The Euler-Fermat theorem

þ Review of power series, power series solutions

þ Ordinary points and singular points of a linear second order ODEs
Chapter 4

þ Series solutions of linear second order ODEs about ordinary points

þ Series solutions of linear second order ODEs about singular points
þ Regular and irregular singular points of a second order ODEs
þ The Method of Frobenius linear
þ The Gamma function and its properties
þ Solutions of Bessel’s equation
þ Legender’s equation
of rational numbers
Decimal expansion

þ Definition of Laplace transform

Chapter 5

þ Inverse Laplace transform

þ Translation Theorem and derivative
þ Application to IVP

2
 in number theory
Other topics
Chapter 6

þ Definition of nth-order system of linear ODE and examples

þ Matrix form of a system and solution vector
þ Initial value problem of a system and existence of a unique solution
þ Fundamental solutions of a homogeneous system
þ Non-homogeneous system and general solution

Text(s): Introduction to Number Theory, Prentice-Hall, 1976.

Author(s): Adams, W.W Goldstein

References:
1. David M. Burston, Elementary Number theory, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2. Yismaw Alemu, Introduction to Elementary Theory of Numbers, Department of Mathematics, AAU.

Assessment:
Assignments 20%
Quizzes 10%
Tests 20%
Final Exam 50%