correct: pipe firmly supported
• Avoid any contact between compaction tools and
Figure 10-4 Proper haunch backfill
Figure 10-5 Improper haunch
Procedure & requirements
The procedure and the requirements comprise:
• Temporary installation devices must be removed
prior to backfilling.
• The maximum particle size for pipe zone
embedment is related to the pipe diameter and is
described in the backfill material specification (see
Table 9-1).
• Dumping large quantities of backfill material at one
spot on top of the pipe may cause damage; spread
the applied backfill material.
• Backfill material shall be compacted in layers of 150
mm. make sure pipe is not be displaced due to
backfilling.
• When reaching a compactions, height of 0.3 * ID
below the crown of the pipe, compaction may be
continued in layers of 300 mm.
• Each layer of backfill shall have a compaction grade
of at least 85% Standard Proctor Density (SPD).
• Compaction is performed on both sides of the pipe,
never across the pipe. A vibrating plate with an
impact force of 3000 N is used.
• Do not use heavy pneumatic hammers or vibrating
equipment until having reached a backfill level of
500 mm over the crown of the pipe.
RTR products.
• Use hand – camping only method of compacting
within 150 mm envelop around the pipe
circumference there after hand operation vibratory –
plate compactors can be used.
10.6 Burial Depth
When live loads are less than the conventional H20-S16
loading, the burial depth measured from the top of pipe
should be at least 3 feet (0.91 m) for all diameters.
At road crossings where the loading exceeds H20-S16,
use one of the following methods:
• Bury the pipe deeper; AMIPOX will make
recommendation on increased depth of burial upon
request provided complete loading and soil
conditions are submitted for an engineering
analysis.
• Use casing pipe and collars to protect the pipe;
when casings/sleeves are used, take care that the
pipe is properly bedded at the points of entry and
exit of the casing pipe, pad the pipe to prevent
rubbing against the steel casing and spacers to
support the pipe inside the casing (see Fig. 10-6).
Road surface
Shrinking
sleeve Rubber pad
Casing pipe 3m Spport
Figure 10-6 Road crossing pipe protection with
casing pipe
• Relief plates are used if pipes are installed at
shallow depth in well compacted sandy soils or in
case the soil – and traffic load cause an excessive
loading or deformation of the GRE pipe. The plate is
specially designed and dimensioned to minimise the
transfer of wheel load on the pipe.
Top load free space
Polystyrene foam Relief plate
0.5 x OD 45
Spread
OD
Figure 10-7 Relief plate
33