ST.

JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED

LEARNING

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

This Simplified Course Pack (SCP) is a draft version only and may not
be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of
the Academic Council of SJPIICD. Contents of this SCP is only intended
for the consumption of the students who are officially enrolled in the
course/subject. Revision and modification process of this SCP are
expected.

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

By 2023, a recognized professional institution providing quality,

Vision
economically accessible, and transformative education grounded on
the teachings of St. John Paul II.

Serve the nation by providing competent JPCean graduates through

quality teaching and learning, transparent governance, holistic
Mission
student services, and meaningful community-oriented researches,
guided by the ideals of St. John Paul II.

Respect
Hard Work
Perseverance
Core Values
Self-Sacrifice
Compassion
Family Attachment
Inquisitive
Ingenious
Graduate Attributes
Innovative
Inspiring
Course Code/Title SJPAT2 / Practical Research 2
This course develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills
Course Description
through quantitative research.
Course Requirement Research Paper
Time Frame 80 Hours (40 Hours for 1st Quarter and 40 Hours for 2nd Quarter)
Grading System DepEd Grading System (Applied Subjects)
Contact Details
Instructor Albert M. Fuentes (09954141726)
SHS Principal Roxan Rubic-Remorosa, PhD (09463328135)

Course Map
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Practical Research 2- Simplified Course Pack (SCP)

SCP-Topics: 1st Quarter SCP- Topics: 2nd Quarter

Week 1-2 Nature of Inquiry and Research Understanding data and ways to
Week 10-11
systematically collect data
Identifying the inquiry and stating
Week 3-4
the problem Finding answers through data
Week 12-14
Learning from others and reviewing collection
Week 5-6
the literature Reporting and sharing findings
Week 15-16
(Final Defense)
Week 7-8 Proposal Defense
Week 17-18 Final Defense

Week 9 1st Quarter Examination Week19 2nd Quarter Examination

Welcome Aboard! Practical Research 2 is an applied subject in the twelfth

grade of the Senior High School program of the Department of Education. It is
a course taught in the first semester over a period of 80 hours after its
prerequisite subject, Statistics and Probability. This course generally aims to
develop your critical thinking and problem-solving skills through quantitative
research.

SCP-TOPICS: 1st Quarter

Week 1-2 Nature of Inquiry and Research
1. Importance of quantitative research.
Lesson Title
2. kinds of variables
1. Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across
Learning Competency fields.
2. Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses.
Time Frame 8:30-10:00am-MT/9:00-10:00am-W

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

I
LEARNING NTENT!
Terms to Ponder

This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are
significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified
course pack of Practical Research 2. As we go through the labyrinth of learning, in
case we will be confronted with difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms for
us to have a clear picture of the learning concepts.
Quantitative Research is “explaining phenomena by collecting
numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based (in particular
statistics).” (Aliaga & Gunderson, 2005; SkillsYouNeed.com, 2017)
Quantitative research is “the process of collecting, analyzing,
interpreting, and writing the results of a study, while qualitative research is the
approach to data collection, analysis, and report writing differing from the
traditional, quantitative approaches” (Creswell, 2003).

Essential Content
Studying Research. It is common for us to gather evidence in explaining the
world around us that is why we keep on asking questions on varied topics. Like for
example, an inquiry on why an exposure to the sun turned human into bad smell
but washed clothes should be exposed under the sun in order to attain good
smelling fabric. Such characteristics equipped everyone with the art and skill of
formulating scientific inquiries that are necessarily involved in the conduct of
research.

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Importance of Quantitative research Across Fields

1. EDUCATION
Quantitative research can be used in measuring the level of performance
of students as well as the teachers. It can also be used to assess the
effectiveness of the methods used, the different programs conducted, and the
satisfaction of all stakeholders in the educational sector including students,
faculty, parents, administrators, the community, the government, and non-
government organizations. Through this research methods, the interest of
these groups can be advanced by implementing quantifiable best practices.

2. BUSINESS

Quantitative research is a very valuable tool in business when it is used

intelligently. It can improve the overall marketing strategy; help the company
make informed decisions on how to move forward with a particular product
or service; and even solicit consumers’ opinions for productivity. This type of
research is largely utilized in product development and to create favourable
marketing campaigns. Data that are often used in this type of research are
market size, demographics, and user-preferences.

3. MEDICAL AND HEALTH ALLIED SERVICES

Since health practitioners are concerned with human life, the discharge
of their duties is very critical. Thus, healthcare procedures, routines, and
other systems must be based on the result of scientific investigation. The
statistics on the rate of recovery, the number of patients with illness and
sickness, the efficacy of medicines and drugs, among others, when analysed,
can become rich sources of information and a basis of good practices in
medical treatment and intervention. Experimental research on effective

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medicines, vaccines and other drugs to cure specific sickness or illness, is

conducted through quantitative research.
4. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The noted observation for a phenomenon, the rate of processing of
certain devices, and the time consumed for any procedure are factors to be
considered. The data collected will lead to a more responsible and
accountable operation of the different components of technology. During
experiments on new devices, inventions, discoveries, and innovations, the
recorded data are very vital for any test of efficiency.

Why do these Fields/Disciplines Use Quantitative Research?

1. It is more reliable and objective;
2. It can use statistics to generalize a finding;
3. It often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number
of variables;
4. It looks at relationships between variables and establishes cause and
effect relationships in highly controlled circumstances;
5. It test theories or hypothesis;
6. It assumes that the sample is representative of the population;
7. The subjectivity of researcher in methodology is recognized less;.
8. It is less detailed than qualitative data.

The Nature of Variables

One of the first terms that you encounter in doing research is the word
variable. Failure to understand the meaning and the usefulness of variables in
your study will prevent you from doing good research. What then are variables
and how do you use variables in your study? (Regoniel, 2012)

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
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Variable is any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls,

and/or manipulates. A variable is a measurable characteristics that varies. It
may change from group to group, person to person, or even within one person
over time (Research Methods: Planning: Variables, 2017)

Classification of Variables

1. Numeric Variables

These are variables with values that describe a measurable

numerical quantity and answer the questions “how many” or “how much”.
These values are considered as quantitative data.

a. Continuous Variables. These variables can assume any value between a

certain set of real numbers. The values depend on the scale used.
Continuous variables are also called interval variables.

Ex. Time, age, temperature, height, and weight.

b. Discrete Variables. These variables can only assume any whole value
within the limits of the given variables.

Ex. Number of students in a class, number of children in a family, and etc.

2. Categorical Variables.
These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic
of a data unit like “what type” or “which category”

a. Ordinal Variables. These variables can take a value which can be

logically ordered or ranked. Ex. Clothing size such as X, L,M,S; and
measures of attitudes like strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree.

b. Nominal Variable. These are variables whose values cannot be organized

in a logical sequence. Ex. Business types, eye colors, kind of religion, etc.

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c. Dichotomous Variables. These variables represent only two categories.

Ex. Gender (male and female), answer (yes or no), and veracity (true or false)

d. Polychotomous Variables. These are variables that have many

categories. Ex. Educational attainment (elementary, high school, college,
graduate, and post graduate) level of performance (excellent, very good,
good, satisfactory, or poor).

3. Experimental Variables

a. Independent Variables. These variables are usually manipulated in an

experiment. Thus, it is also called manipulated or explanatory variable.

b. Dependent Variable. These variables are usually affected by the

manipulation of the independent variables. They are also called response
or predicted variable.

c. Extraneous Variables. These variables are also called mediating or

intervening variables. These variables are already existing during the
conduct of an experiment and could influence the result of the study.
They are known as covariate variables.

Examples:

1. Title of research: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and

Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils

Independent Variable: Method of teaching

Dependent Variable: Language achievement

Extraneous Variables: Ventilation facilities; Physical ambiance

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

2. Title of research: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their

effects on the Amount of Harvest.

Independent Variables: Use of Gardening Tools, Types of Fertilizer

Dependent Variable: Amount of Harvest

Extraneous Variables: Humidity level; Types of seeds/ plants

4. Non-experimental Variables

a. Predictor Variables. These variables changes the other variable/s in a

non-experimental study.

b. Criterion Variables. These variables are usually influenced by the

predictor variables.

Example:

Title of research: Competencies of Teachers and Students’ Behavior in

Selected Private Schools.
Predictor Variable: Competencies of teachers

Criterion Variable: Student’s behaviour

c. Title of research: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and

Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-out Rate Among Grade
8 Classes
Predictor Variable: Conduct of guidance counselling programs

Criterion Variables: Degree of absenteeism and drop-out rate

5. Variables According to the Number Being Studied

a. Univariate Study. Only one variable is being studied.

b. Bivariate Study. Two variables are being studied.

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c. Polyvariate Study. More than two variables are being studied.

SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons.

Search Indicator

Baltimore County Public Schools. (2010). Writing the Methodology – Quantitative

Approach. Retrieved from
http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/researchcourse/develop-writing-method-
quantitative.html

Center Research Quality. An overview of Quantitative Research Methods. Retrieved

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwU8as9ZNlA
Chua, V. C. Practical Research 2. Retrieved from
https://mathbychua.weebly.com/shs-mtot-files.html

Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods

approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Retrieved
from file:///C:/Users/Michelle/Downloads/2532-Article%20Text-10126-
1-10-20110207%20(1).pdf

Klazema, A. (2014), June 9). Types of Quantitative Research for students and
researchers. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/types-of-
quantitative-research/

Regoniel, P. A. (2012, October 22). What are examples of variables in research?

Simplyeducate.me. retrieved from
http://simplyeducate.me/2012/10/22/what-are-example-of-variables-in-
research/

Research Methods: Planning: Variables. (2017). Retrieved from

http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/ResearchMethod/RM_2_1
4.html

SkillsYouNeed.com. (2017). Quantitative and Qualitative research Methods.

Retrieved from https://skillsyouneed.com/learn/quantitative-and
-qualitative.html

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
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Surbhi, S. (2016). Difference between qualitative and quantitative research.

Retrieved from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-qualitative-
and-quantitative-research.html

Further Readings available in SJPIICD e-library:

Aliaga, M., & Gunderson, B. (2006). Interactive statistics. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson Education

Jerusalem, V., Garcia, M., Delos Reyes, A., Palencia, M., & Calilung, R. (2017).
Practical Research 2: Exploring Quantitative Research. Manila. Fastbooks
Educational Supply, Inc.

Prieto, N., Naval, V., & Carey, T. (2017). Practical research for senior high school 2.
Manila. Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

LET’S INITIATE!
Activity 1. Complete the following:

1. Research is important to a teacher because

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Research is important to a doctor because
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Research is important to an engineer because
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Research is important to an entrepreneur because
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

LET’S INQUIRE!
Activity 1. Identify which is the independent and the dependent variables.

____________________________ 1. Do kids prefer sugar or salt? Which is the IV?

____________________________ 2. How does the amount of exercise affect your pulse rate?
Which is the IV?
____________________________ 3. How does the size of a motor affect speed? Which is the

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DV?
____________________________ 4. How many minutes will a glider stay in the air with
different masses? Which is the DV?
____________________________ 5. How do earthworms respond to different amounts of
light? Which is the IV?
____________________________ 6. If the plant is in the dark room, it will stop growing.
Which is the IV?
____________________________ 7. Is the speed of a roller coaster dependent on the shape
of the car? Which is the DV?
____________________________ 8. The effect of the amount of water on the weight of a
mouse. Which is the IV?
____________________________ 9. Which vitamin gives people the most energy? Which is
the DV?
____________________________ 10. Will asking questions in class improve test grades?
Which is the DV?

LET’S INFER!
Activity 1. Present a diagram showing the Classification of Variables.

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