Laplace Transform

general form
𝑎𝑦 ′′ + 𝑏𝑦 ′ + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥

Homogenous Non-Homogenous
𝑓 𝑥 =0 𝑓 𝑥 ≠0
1. Undetermined coefficient method
2. Variation parameters method
3. Laplace transform
 Has been introduced by a French mathematician, Pierre Simon de Laplace (1749 –
1827 M).
 Neat method – change the initial value problem to the algebraic problems.

𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1
𝑦 0 =1 𝑓 𝑡 =ቊ
2 − 𝑡, 𝑡 ≥ 1
 The use of Laplace table simplifies the steps of solving in getting the particular
solution.
 Let 𝑓(𝑡) be a defined function 0, ∞ . Integration
∞
න 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
 Laplace transform is symbol as ℒ 𝑓(𝑡) , with ℒ translated as the operator
Find the laplace transform of each function.

1. 𝑓 𝑡 =2

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑡 −𝑠𝑡 −𝑠𝑡
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠∞ 𝑒 −𝑠0
ℒ 𝑓(𝑡) = න 𝑒 𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = න 𝑒 2𝑑𝑡 = 2 න 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 2 =2 −
0 0 0 −𝑠 0
−𝑠 −𝑠

1 2
= 2 0, =
𝑠 𝑠
Ysin
an
cosh
sF
sY
H t(s
(t (1Y
ayfnat2n(t
cos
sinh ((s ast)at )
f(t!stf((sa)at
as 1
s(F
).)}
atat
,s))G )(a
da(s
a(a ),)
2at)n( sF
H
y3sy t))  a) y(st0)
)(,(a0(s
s02n1)1aa 2 tn0()0uf))(tdu
{te( f f(t
t n(f(t u ) 
g ( )e dt  F ( s )

s ds
L { f (t )}   f (t )e  st dt  F ( s)
0

f (t ) F (s) f (t ) F (s)

a
H (t  a ) e  as
a
s s
n!
t n , n  1, 2, 3,  n 1
f (t  a ) H (t  a ) e  as F (s)
s
1
eat  (t  a) e  as
sa
a
sin at f (t ) (t  a) e  as f (a)
s a
2 2

s t
cos at
s2  a2
 0
f (u )g (t  u )du F ( s ).G ( s )

a
sinh at y (t ) Y (s )
s2  a2
s
cosh at y (t ) sY ( s )  y (0)
s a
2 2

e at f (t ) F ( s  a) y(t ) s 2Y ( s)  sy (0)  y (0)

d n F (s)
t f (t ) , n  1, 2, 3, 
n
(1) n
ds n
Find the laplace transform of each function.
1. 𝑓 𝑡 =𝑡
2. 𝑓 𝑡 = cos 4𝑡

Techniques of Integration
1. Substitution
2. Tabular method
3. By parts
4. Using partial fraction