Laplace Transform – Inverse Laplace Transform

general form
𝑎𝑦 ′′ + 𝑏𝑦 ′ + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥

Homogenous Non-Homogenous
𝑓 𝑥 =0 𝑓 𝑥 ≠0
1. Undetermined coefficient method
2. Variation parameters method
3. Laplace transform
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics
3. Inverse
4. Application
 Laplace Transform of Derivatives
ℒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑌 𝑠
ℒ 𝑦 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑦 0
ℒ 𝑦 ′′ (𝑡) = 𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦 ′ (0)

 Steps of solving:
 Take Laplace transform of both sides of the equation
 Obtain algebraic equation for 𝑌 𝑠
 Solve for 𝑌 𝑠
 Take the inverse Laplace transform to get
𝑦 𝑥 = ℒ −1 𝑌(𝑠)
𝑑𝑦  Take the inverse Laplace transform
− 2𝑦 = 4 given 𝑦 0 = 1 4+𝑠
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 = ℒ −1 𝑌(𝑠) = ℒ −1
𝑠(𝑠 − 2)
𝑑𝑦
ℒ − 2𝑦 = ℒ 4 Using partial fraction
𝑑𝑥 4+𝑠 𝐴 𝐵
= +
4 𝑠(𝑠 − 2) 𝑆 𝑠 − 2
𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑦 0 − 2𝑌 𝑠 =
𝑠 4+𝑠 =𝐴 𝑠−2 +𝐵

4 If 𝑠 = 2
𝑠−2 𝑌 𝑠 −1= 6 = 2𝐵
𝑠
𝐵=3
4 4+𝑠 𝐴 = −2
𝑠−2 𝑌 𝑠 = +1= 4+𝑠 −2 3
𝑠 𝑠
= +
𝑠(𝑠 − 2) 𝑆 𝑠−2
4+𝑠 −2 3
𝑌 𝑠 = 𝑦 𝑥 =ℒ −1 + = −2 + 3𝑒 2𝑡
𝑠(𝑠 − 2) 𝑆 𝑠−2
𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑡 given 𝑦 0 = 5 𝑦 ′ 0 = 7
ℒ 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = ℒ 2𝑒 3𝑡

2
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦 ′ 0 − 3 𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑦 0 + 2𝑌 𝑠 =
𝑠−3
Substitute 𝑦 0 = 5 and 𝑦 ′ 0 = 7. Obtain Y(s)
Try it yourself!
5𝑠 2 − 23𝑠 + 26
𝑌 𝑠 =
(𝑠 − 3)(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)
Inverse the Laplace transform
Try it yourself! By using partial fraction
′
1 4
ℒ + = 𝑒 3𝑡 + 4𝑒 𝑡
𝑠−3 𝑠−1
 
L { f (t )}   f (t )e  st dt  F ( s)
0

f (t ) F (s) f (t ) F (s)

a
H (t  a ) e  as
a
s s
n!
t n , n  1, 2, 3,  n 1
f (t  a ) H (t  a ) e  as F (s)
s
1
eat  (t  a) e  as
sa
a
sin at f (t ) (t  a) e  as f (a)
s a
2 2

s t
cos at
s2  a2
 0
f (u )g (t  u )du F ( s ).G ( s )

a
sinh at y (t ) Y (s )
s2  a2
s
cosh at y (t ) sY ( s )  y (0)
s a
2 2

e at f (t ) F ( s  a) y(t ) s 2Y ( s)  sy (0)  y (0)

d n F (s)
t f (t ) , n  1, 2, 3, 
n
(1) n
ds n
Solve these equation by using Laplace transform
𝑦 ′′ + 5𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0
𝑦 0 =1
𝑦′ 0 = 0