1.

Climate Change

Climate change has been called ‘‘the defining challenge of our age’’ (Ban Ki-moon, 2007) and

“the greatest environmental challenge facing our planet” (President Obama, BBC News 2011).

Until the mid-1980s, there were relatively less discussions of global warming on international

media. The late 1980s saw a sudden rise in coverage of environmental related issues in the

British and US media. (Boykoff 2004; Carvalho and Burgess 2005; Wilkins 1993).

International Rules for climate change ?? add two lines

While some decades ago, Climate change was attributed as a future risk of rising levels of

oceans, Implication of Co2 , rapid melting of polar glaciers but now highly politicized debates on

climate change focusses on intergovernmental collaboration to introduce concrete policy

measures to mitigate threats on global level. (Kasim, 2018)

2. Climate Change in Pakistan

When Pakistan become active for climate change issue??? Add something on

it/three lines

The influences of world bodies like United Nations, WTO and the World Bank, have made

Pakistan to adopt measure to mitigate effects of Climate change by signing the Kyoto Protocol in

2005. Back in 2016, The Government of Pakistan has also ratified landmark Paris agreement to

keep global warming below 2˚ centigrade. Pakistan with technical support of UNDP has been
successful in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal for protecting the environment before

the deadline of 2030.

Pakistan, due to resource scarcity and mainly arid geographical location is highly vulnerable to

climate change (Schilling et al., 2013). Secondly, the economic and development activity under

CPEC in Pakistan, is likely to be effected by climate vulnerability (Janjua & Asif, 2017).

The climatic changes in Pakistan are the result of human factors, including rapid

industrialization, population explosion, deforestation and exploitation of natural resources

(Salman 2010). The government of Pakistan has established Ministry of Climate Change in

April 2012 and launched National Climate change policy in February 2013, to deal with

challenges of Climate change (A. A. Khan 2011).

3. Media and Climate Change

Media is dominant public sphere which make us aware of environmental issues and the way they

are addressed, questioned and resolved (Hansen, 2011).

The mass media are a major platform where the politics of climate change play an important

role. Media persons, politicians and climate experts engage in public debate through news

coverage of climate change and make claims about the consequences, causes, and solutions to

climate change (Stoddart, Tuomas and David, 2017).

The public perception about climate change is shaped by media attention to this issue. The role

of mass media is crucial in framing climate change issues and build public pressure on

governments to adopt appropriate measures to tackle this issue (Burgess 1990). Beck (2010, p.
261) is of the view that mass media ‘undoubtedly helped to establish [climate change’s] status as

a widely recognized global risk’ (Beck 2009, p. 69).

4. Climate Change and Pakistani Media:

Pakistani media considers climate change as a low-priority issue and rather considers it part of

foreign agenda (Afzal, 2012) and issues like politics, terrorism, and economy have been in

spotlight, so general public has little or no knowledge about horrible impacts of climate change

(Rathor 2014).

RESEARCHES IN WORLD BUT NOT IN PAKISTAN AS MEDIA IS ONLY??? Add some

data on it
A critical analysis of climate change research suggests that Pakistan’s contribution to climate

change scholarship is almost non-existent as compared to other South Asians countries such as

India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal etc. in particular and global media in general [Kim, 2011].

Ali (2010) observed in his study that Urdu Press in Pakistan hardly reports on issues pertaining

to Climate change as compared to English Press in the country. Boykoff (2010) has also found

that climate change coverage in Pakistani media is limited and inadequate.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between media policy and public

policy towards climate change. The Climate change and media nexus will serve towards healthy

environmental media development efforts.

5.

What will be contribution of this research? ???

Why Imp to Do this research.???

A Comparative framing analysis of media frames and government frames related to Climate

change in Pakistan is both timely and urgent as various stake holders and claim-makers are

trying to impose their frames on media. After 2010, Pakistan has adopted various measures to

tackle the alarming issue of Climate change, so a critical analysis of media and government

frames on climate change will also reflect seriousness in attitudes of both government and media

to sensitize general public regarding growing threats of climate change.

References

Afzal, T. (2012, May 12). Role of media in Pakistan. Ilm Ki Duniya. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.ilmkidunya.com/articles/role-of-media-in-pakistan-1069.aspx.
Ali, Z. (2010). ‘Domesticating Global Content Pakistan’. In: Global Climate local Journalisms:
A transnational study of how media make sense of climate summits. Ed. by E. Eide, R. Kunelius
and V. Kumpu. Bochum, Germany: ProjektVerlag.
Beck, U. (2009). World at risk. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Boykoff, M. T. and Boykoff, J. M. (2004). ‘Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige
press’. Global Environmental Change 14 (2), pp. 125–136
Boykoff, Maxwell T. 2008. ‘Lost in Translation? United States Television News Coverage of
Anthropogenic Climate Change, 1995–2004.’ Climate Change 86: 1–11.
Burgess, J. (1990). The production and consumption of environmental meanings in the mass
media: A research agenda for the 1990s. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,
15(2), 139–161.
Carvalho, Anabela and Jacquelin Burgess 2005. ‘Cultural Circuits of Climate Change in the UK
Broadsheet Newspapers, 1985–2003.’ Risk Analysis 25: 1457–70.
Khan, A. A. (2011, May 4). The devolution disaster. The News. Retrieved from
http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-9-46956-The-devolutiondisaster.
Kim, S. Y. (2011). ‘Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Support for Climate Policies in
Asia: Evidence from Recent Polls’. The Journal of Asian Studies 70 (02), pp. 319–331
Rathor, A. (2014, August 31). Climate change and Pakistan [Weblog post]. Retrieved from
Revolution Flame website: http://revolutionflame. com/2014/08/climate-change-pakistan/.
Wilkins, Lee 1993. ‘Between the Facts and Values: Print Media Coverage of the Greenhouse
Effect 1987–1990.’ Public Understanding of Science 2: 71–84