on V S

tomen t
ahens

Metal
Extrrachion e metals
Metals cuhi ch ne mo rte
rteaeti ve than Ca rt
ho
are extrtact ed 6y
by usi
ng electno ly Sic
*
Na
Me hich are ess rteacti ve 4han nht.n
han Cctbt.n
Ca ane
ane exttacte d by
by S i ns Cart bon reduction
Mg MetolS chich e e ss reaci ve han hy cr tr
a r e extroac ed b y usi ng hy drogen reduttitn
Z xrcoc hon cIton
Fe a atetjals
Pb
1. aemati te Iron erte, Fe

C . Coke CCarbs n)
9Cime stene CCaCog)
A 4
AinHotain
To oXid-
Gyih g en make Can brn di
Canben rteacts
CEx ermjc
C oCo Cg teachen)
Ces) +
Canb on o
realtS ovh e x c e S s
e Conben- diox ide
make Cartbon - mono-oX ice
2 CRedor)
+Ces) 2 co, g)
Co, Cg neaefs itt
CInon one, fey C
Hoe ma h te make
and
to
Canb en -monoi d e
Co )

Ca bon dioxi de
Fe +2 Co 2 Fe +3 Co DCRe doyx
CL) reaehon
CS) C
Coxidsing ge CRecduoing gs)
 ontajns aoidic im p urity Kemoving imPurtiies 7oM Co 7 irton
MIron CHae matite ) c

urtites in CaS iron, i+ is inst

9ilico n Cv) eride /Si ton dioxide/Si lica /Sond To rtemo ve imp in to a Turnance
ned
melte d and pou
To reme ve acidic impuri +7 5 limestone is uged at hig Press unre
hen b lo wn

*o fure oxygen
Ahigh fempenature limestone is de compesed mo l t e n
Cas irron
thrto ug h he
maka coleium o*ide line) and Carrbon dioxide . dise e inpunih to Oxide
i
Calci um ox i de is
The oXge t h ee
basic oxice These oxi des a r L e e h e rnblown
Silicon dioxide is an aCidic Ox it alcium
de 4urr he re
turnn ance o

Clci um x i d e2 rLeaS i h Silicon di oxide oXi de2 make Slag

to make caleium Silicate Cs lag) Pourte t
The S lag s
behi nd is Pure Tor
E Caleium sicat e Cslag flo ads on he Sunfa ce he m olten meta l lett
ht in,
mo I+en non in he Llast tunna Ce Pune iron is Ca lied
oxYge n
CThermsl de Compos*)
|Reation" CaCo C) ea GS

CAid- bo Ca OCs) SiCCs ) a SiogCt) JaSeS

teacion
Cyoc Csla
Ccelcium silicat

4 l a s t funnane
mlten ion

Mo en ito
COxygen turnan ce)
Cose itoni ron ContainS 4 /% Can 6on
or Pig Expeertime0t |
Canbon and Saltur Impuri hes a n e oxidise
ke oxides
to ma

C+2 Co o,
&heor
S+O2 ame *id ise
hoiled disfi lled
and Slic6 mpun e s
Phosphonus Clean n a

to maka ho5 an d S; O2 Cate

toas i t bos)e on ide CaO No nuShn
Oxygon
CaS O
2 t Cao Ca CPou) 2)
Rusing o
Con dition oxqenCAir) Cotton wal
CJate r
Anly hy dtev ( , C Can ohSonb nte v
fur
Renotin
4 fe. O)t9 o, Ca) +2 xHgo Ct) 2 FOsX P2o Clean nai

ote
Chydnaved No tustn
ionCu) oxide)
Oxygen
4 Fe cs)+ 3o Cy) +9 Hgo 2 Fe, O .H o

Irtens ox io? Sed

dist lled a v e r Cate r V
Fe fe3*+3e Rusting
Oygen is nedu ced possib le
Clean noi

.heretorte usina selt s e nedeX e a d

 E Vs Alles
S+oin iess Seel Ca
D'slocCen r
Merre r e c veme
f e Co

Co Ilce oisp fe te ner<

Eyanle-

i n

21e Slin tu rns ur le

Pnk Solid isforued
elerg
E.le
r fe C

t fe S
 Mat HNO C 2
metls aten
lenttions AL HN
Metal + Gwater. Cold uater) Mat! byd rr ide +Hydr :
2n HNO
koH+H2
No+ o NaOH t H2 Ph +Hri

CaHo CaCoH), +H2 CuH N° e

Ma H20-
Car n eo i celd toter
+HoO C n csstroted C
Zn
Re+s i t team to moke C
metol exide on 4 hy dregen g-s C) HND CL
Ph 40 Con not reat ena detenpoSim
ui ld
4 a r d steom het Ne
C
Mgcs)+,o ca M O Cs) + H G) erre Na, C Ne t

decneses Co Co
ALC+ Ho AlO2 Cs)+ H G
Less Ma C
2n C) t20 2no Cs) +H, he+ s -Co
nec ded + CCo
Fe cs +
4o) feo Cs) +4g detenppie Zn Co Zn Cz

Rst metals ih acid, HCL ), FeCos Fe

Acid Metal Salt
Ph CO Pbo Co
+ Hd rogen gas CtCa
kHNO kNog +H2 CuCc
No+14 NO% NaN 0 +H2 den reaction
Co+H NO CoCNO
Mete teaeive mel make mone Stable meta

Cart benate Cpredie4) PbCNO3)2

DMone ime is needed +o decdmp ose CuCNO 2 eo Cu o Ch lach sld) t
o 2
@lcu lote the total velume gas produtod due
Cletulate Hhe velome Co, moduted fer h e
to he decompos i ion
decomposion
Re uted tine to r decompoSn CaCN)2
CaCOg = åSo em z Moles 20.12
no le
Cdoo sec) Mole s NOg 0.24 nolo
2n Cog - 4 cn$
Co sec
Moles O2 0.0G melc
I g CuCe-F?. 1cm* C9o see To tal n D moles a s =0.3 ms'

Difte re nt volume & Ce is Pteduced Volume as0.3 x24

7.2 m
ls have ditte nent attmi masSs

Diterrenne. moles he metal Cart bonateg

are uSed

Ternal deCom posi hion e netal nifrades

LiNO3 heat Li0 + ND2

Cbron 0o loun
as)
Na Nog
NOg he Na NO O
CSe di um nitmite)
kNO heat kNo + O2
Rh No
RbNog RbNo, +0»
he e O t NO, t02
eCNo, )
MqCNo, , hes MotN+0
CaCno)2 het CO N 02
SnCND,) e Sn +NO t0
EX amples oAWeys

7 0 /.
Com poSii en Cu
o /

Specia_proper ties
easily
Does noT ce hMedle
Coloun like
Atracive ellow 9ld

Uses
deco rnarive onpamentS
insin um en¥s
musi cal

S4ain less tee l

ComposiHon fe
Cr 18
N

SPe c propon7ie

o Con
Resistan 1 mosion

yses
Cutleny
ments
medica l ins tnu
O
in chemifo l Indusdriec
Pipe
Sotder Caution
Sn 50 l oten tnom Suckl bo ck into /
o p r e vent
5o/ hot oc , he, he de li vemz tube
Specia_pnpe ntie frtom P 1loh
trom he d e r Letore turn ing
Low . P St e bunsen flo me
h Cabon
Reactin netl oYi de
Uses cirtu
I a n be usecd to join e lectronie ppunts
,
beands.
ren ze meda
Cite qaure

Sn 12 /
e
Silver meda
Aa 99.5 ReocHon
Cu
Cu OC) +C CS) > Ce ) + Cu Cs
GTol me dol
Observoin: Pin k Soid isommecl
995/
me tal Can bonateç
?.5 Csiverr Coot h ahin layer Action hea
metel ih steam
ReaotienJ

ube

TZA

hea
Cuns e n et
uner
 CaCo, Cs) a y C a 0 s) +o, Cg)
hertmic meaCtion
oCg+Colok), Cag ) o , c) 4 Hgscu) Fuse may

n CoCs) best Zn Oet Coz) Mixture

Less ine Alum niuPehder itle
e CoCq+Co
Calo) (ag) GCog Cs) + H2o0 XXX
a nd Irsn Cli) exide

Keueon me tal oxide tuith hy o rlegen

Heat

Keootion
2 AL Cs) fe,O Cs) Al, o cs)+2 Fa Ci)
The teaoton is Callee hertm Tea on as
i+prod uces Lange uan heat

7Pe stee

Carben stee

Mild sHeel igh Cor bor

Mansoree
C Car ber ee
Steel
 Carbon stee 1) Fe 97 o /
M:ld SteeCLew 1o/o
19 /
Cm PoSiion MA
9.75 fe
Pecial prroperrties
o.95 / C S an handness
Inerea Scd Sfrreng h
Spe.ciaprtope re ties
and nall eable Uses
Seft
eSprei JS
CHand an d ma leab le) drcills
Uses Keclin meta ls
aluminium Ore moinl, eCover ed
Can bo dies and
O lead s iton
metal re Cy cli na
mahi0ery by Scrto p
trtem Ca betteries
Hah carbon Steel] lea d is retove ned
Todo and
c led from
is main' recy
Ce mposiion Aluminium
99 lo fe drcink Can
1-l C Co.45 1 . 5 o. C) Advantge J ecyli ng meta's
reSoutceS
SPecial p rope rt ties Cons e v e n a t u n a !
| Reayling helps t ex ¥ra ein=
Saves h e ces t
Streng and brit+lHe Recyel ing R a 9
meta ls trom er o neS
=
envi Proble as rre lat ed
ses Redu ce rto mendal
heîr nes.
eftracH ng metals trto
knives
recy ing meya ls
hammens |UiSadvantae
rans porr ti ^a he Scrtap m
is a cos t
Cuting dools hene
e prro CesSi^ Plon
MolGan ese $tee het mhs 6e Sespa
Com po3iion The dit feren+ ty pes
ean be recy Cled
Fe 38 betorle hey
MA C41 14-/)
C Ci-1 i.4)./. Recy cling is Someime S mote expenSive
pT.
 o m the one
extrta cttng metsls poMution
Soheimes Cau Se
Recing
prro blems
Ca