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Notes Chapter 4
Notes Chapter 4
Introduction
The utilization of technology to create and maintain relationships among people has become
commonplace.
Technology is often introduced into a social system with the stated intention of making life
easier for people. As technology becomes more pervasive in everyday life, the assessment of
technology’s presence in relationships and its impact on how humans interact with one another
is an emerging area of study. There are many perspectives on the relationship between
technology and human interactions and relationships. It is purported that the integration of
technologies in everyday life can have profound effects on human relationships, in both positive
and negative ways. More notably, technologies impact on or interfere with how individuals
engage in interpersonal relationships, behave within relationships, and project feelings and
meanings including displays of emotions and love. Essentially, the new technological landscape
now connects to what it means to be human.
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Technology Education has become a significant part of everyone’s life. In this generation, we are
living in a dynamic world surrounded by an endless amount of information. The role of
technology education is of great importance due to its use in communication and information.
The successful use of technology in education has changed the process of learning. The
combination of education and technology education is great together if used with a right vision
and the right reason. The use of technology has created numerous learning opportunities for
both students and teachers. There are numerous reasons to say technology as a key aspect of
learning. Some reasons for the importance of technology in education is discussed below.
The world of education is changing as the modern world continues to grow. With so much
progress happening, it’s important that education be able to reach students in new ways so that
their students are prepared for the future. The students of today are the leaders, inventors,
teachers, and businessmen (and women) of tomorrow. Without the proper skills, these students
will not have the preparation needed to survive.
Need of IT in Education
Education is an ongoing process therefore it becomes the need of people which they will to fulfill
anytime anywhere in any part of the world. The boom of information technology in
education is a long lasting phenomenon due to which its access is all the time needed.
Education, in a certain way, is bound to get bonded with the needs of various learners and
information technology is highly important for meeting the desired need.
Importance of Information Technology in Education
Technology EducationUpdates
There are various educational applications which give updates about the syllabus, exam dates,
and information about various competitive entrance exams like JEE, NEET, NDA, CAT, GRE,
GMAT, etc. With the help of these features, students can be updated with their exam details like
date, syllabus, marking scheme, and various other information all the time.
These were some of the reasons why technology education is important in the field of
education.
We are surrounded by technology every day. I think the use of technology is very much needed
for us, because it facilitates the work but there are also some disadvantages that make it less
preferred by the teachers. There are a number of benefits to using technology for receive or
distribute information in school premises.
To begin with, using technology in the classroom is the ability to customize student learning to
meet the needs of all students. As you may know, every student learns differently, and using
technology gives teachers the ability to adapt heir lesson plans to suit each individual students
needs.
To sum up, I believe that to benefit from technology we should use it in the right manner and time.
It infrastructure
1. 1. What is Infrastructure? In information technology and on the Internet, infrastructure is the
physical hardware used to interconnect computers and users. Infrastructure includes the
transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, satellites antennas,
routers, and other devices that control transmission paths. Infrastructure also includes the
software used to send, receive, and manage the signals that are transmitted. Information
technology infrastructure is the integrated framework upon which digital networks operate.
This infrastructure includes data centers,computers, computer networks, Database
Management devices, and a regulatory system.
2. 2. INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS THERE ARE SEVEN MAJOR COMPONENTS
THAT MUST BE COORDINATED TO PROVIDE THE FIRM WITH A COHERENT IT
INFRASTRUCTURE.
3. 3. 1. COMPUTER HARDWARE PLATFORMS COMPUTER HARDWARE PLATFORMS
INCLUDE CLIENT MACHINES AND SERVER MACHINES, AS WELL AS MODERN
MAINFRAMES PRODUCED BY IBM. US FIRMS SPENT ABOUT $145 BILLION ON
COMPUTER HARDWARE. 2. OPERATING SYSTEM PLATFORMS OPERATING SYSTEM
PLATFORMS INCLUDE PLATFORMS FOR CLIENT COMPUTERS, DOMINATED BY
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEMS, AND SERVERS, DOMINATED BY THE VARIOUS
FORMS OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM OR LINUX. OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE
SOFTWARE THAT MANAGE THE RESOURCES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPUTER
AND ACT AS AN INTERFACE FOR THE USER. 3. ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
APPLICATIONS ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS INCLUDE SAP, ORACLE,
AND PEOPLESOFT, AND MIDDLEWARE SOFTWARE THAT ARE USED TO LINK A
FIRM'S EXISTING APPLICATION SYSTEMS.
4. 4. 4. DATA MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE DATA MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE IS
HANDLED BY DATABASE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE AND STORAGE DEVICES
INCLUDE TRADITIONAL STORAGE METHODS, SUCH AS DISK ARRAYS AND TAPE
LIBRARIES, AND NEWER NETWORK-BASED STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS
STORAGE AREA NETWORKS (SANS). SANS CONNECT MULTIPLE STORAGE DEVICES
ON DEDICATED HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS. 5. NETWORKING AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLATFORMS NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PLATFORMS INCLUDE WINDOWS SERVER OPERATING SYSTEMS, NOVELL, LINUX,
AND UNIX. NEARLY ALL LAN AND MANY WIDE AREA NETWORKS (WANS) USE THE
TCP/IP STANDARDS FOR NETWORKING.
5. 5. 6. INTERNET PLATFORMS INTERNET PLATFORMS OVERLAP WITH, AND MUST
RELATE TO, THE FIRM'S GENERAL NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PLATFORMS. INTERNET-RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE
INCLUDES THE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND SERVICES TO MAINTAIN CORPORATE
WEB SITES, INTRANETS, AND EXTRANETS, INCLUDING WEB HOSTING SERVICES
AND WEB SOFTWARE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TOOLS. 7. CONSULTING AND
SYSTEM INTEGRATION SERVICES CONSULTING AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION
SERVICES ARE RELIED ON FOR INTEGRATING A FIRM'S LEGACY SYSTEMS WITH
NEW TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROVIDING EXPERTISE IN
IMPLEMENTING NEW INFRASTRUCTURE ALONG WITH RELEVANT CHANGES IN
BUSINESS PROCESSES, TRAINING, AND SOFTWARE INTEGRATION.
6. 6. MAKING WISE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT IT Infrastructure is a major capital
investment for the firm. If too much is spent on infrastructure, it lies idle and constitutes a
drag on firm financial performance. If too little is spent, important business services cannot
be delivered and firms competitors will outperform in the under investing firm.
7. 7. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS A DATABASE IS A COLLECTION OF
RECORDS. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ARE DESIGNED AS THE MEANS OF
MANAGING ALL THE RECORDS. DATABASE MANAGEMENT IS A SOFTWARE SYSTEM
THAT USES A STANDARD METHOD AND RUNNING QUERIES WITH SOME OF THEM
DESIGNED FOR THE OVERSIGHT AND PROPER CONTROL OF DATABASES. Types of
Database Management Systems: There are four structural types of database management
systems: Hierarchical databases. Network databases. Relational databases. Object-
oriented databases
8. 8. USING DATABASES TO IMPROVE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND DECISION-
MAKING Businesses use their databases to: Keep track of basic transactions Provide
information that will help the company run the business more efficiently Help managers and
employees make better decisions In a large company, special capabilities and tools are
required for analyzing vast quantities of data and for accessing data from multiple systems,
such as: Data warehouse: a database that stores current and historical data from core
operational transactional systems for use in management analysis, but this data cannot be
altered.
9. 9. Data mart: A subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion
of the organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users.
Business intelligence (BI) tools: Data analysis tools used for consolidating, analyzing, and
accessing vast stores of data to help in decision making, such as software for database
query and reporting, tools for multidimensional data analysis (online analytical processing),
and data mining.
10. 10. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling
users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions Data mining finds
hidden patterns and relationships and infers rules from these to predict future behavior. The
types of information obtainable from data mining include •Associations •Sequences
•Classifications •Clustering •Forecasting Predictive analysis uses data mining techniques,
historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such
as the probability a customer will respond to an offer or purchase a specific product.
11. 11. TYPES OF NETWORK Common examples of area network types are: LAN - Local
Area Network WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network WAN - Wide Area Network MAN -
Metropolitan Area Network SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server
Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller
Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network PAN - Personal Area Network DAN -
Desk Area Network
12. 12. WHAT IS TRANSMISSION MEDIA ? TRANSMISSION MEDIA IS A PATHWAY THAT
CARRIES THE INFORMATION FROM SENDER TO RECEIVER.WE USE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF CABLES OR WAVES TO TRANSMIT DATA. DATA IS TRANSMITTED
NORMALLY THROUGH ELECTRICAL OR ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS. Types of
transmission media: Transmission media is broadly classified into two groups. 1. Wired or
Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media 2. Wireless or Unguided Media or Unbound
Transmission Media
13. 13. Wireless or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Media: Unbound transmission
media are the ways of transmitting data without using any cables. These media are not
bounded by physical geography. This type of transmission is called Wireless communication.
Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media: Bound transmission media are the
cables that are tangible or have physical existence and are limited by the physical
geography. Popular bound transmission media in use are twisted pair cable, co-axial cable
and fiber optical cable.
14. 14. WHAT IS INTERNET? The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad
array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.
15. 15. INTERNET BASED COMMUNICATION TOOLS There are many different kinds of
Internet communications tool, such as email, VoIP, forums, online chat and social networking
among others. Using the latest tools and methods of communicating over the Internet is
essential for bringing your business into the modern age of communication and marketing.
16. 16. WIRELESS REVOLUTION The revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we
communicate and use computer technology. Wireless will change the significance of
location. Time-zone and cost now matter more than mere distance. Indeed, in some ways,
the mobile telephone dispenses with physical geography even more effectively than does the
Internet. To tap into their e-mail, most folk still have to plug in somewhere in the world
(although that too will change as new mobile gadgets
17. 17. Thank you very much for being with us & support us….
Our world is a wonderful place to live-in. Its nature speaks the true beauty of wonders. Places
are like a masterpiece that has been carved and painted for a long time.
The importance of technology in travelling makes far away places come closer. The swiftness of
time has increased its norm, now a day, travelling is fast and comfortable. The things that can
be done in an hour can now be done in a minute or even in a second, acknowledgment to
technology itself. Places that often people cannot be reach; can now be touch in a moment.
Technology provides us with machines that can make an unforgettable journey. Individual can
travel places anytime at short period of time.
Businesses can utilize information technology through the use of computers and
different software to run their operations in a smoother fashion. They use it in different
departments, including finance, manufacturing, human resources, and security.
Network Equipment such as routers, servers, web server, file server, directory servers,
switching, firewalls etc.
Computing hardware such as servers and basic software such as operating ystems.
Power like solar battery systems, backup power generators and uninterruptible power supply.
Content Platforms content management systems and similar software such as document
management tools.
Communication Services communication tools such as voice over IP(VoIP) services and
devices.
Today, nobody doubts that technology and travel are the perfect combination .
This joint force also plays a crucial role in the way we travel: from the vacation
destination we choose.
Millennials have also played a significant role in this paradigm shift. They love to travel
and are also passionate about new technology. This combined interested has given way
to a new context where social media, apps, blogs, and so more have an important part
to play when it’s time to play a trip. By that same token, the industry,
Technology has made it easier for people to plan the trip because it saves time and helps in
efficient planning. Here are a few ways technology has changed travelling and made it more
fun and convenient. Quick planning: Technology has made planning the trips easier.
• The importance of technology in travelling makes far away places come closer.
• The things that can be done in an hour can now be done in a minute or even in a
second, acknowledgment to technology itself.
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an umbrella term that includes any
communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones,
computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems, and so on, as well as the
various services and applications.
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information
technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of
telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary
enterprise software, middleware, storage and so on.
Cloud services
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data
storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user. The term is
generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet.
Network security
consists of the policies and practices adopted to prevent and monitor unauthorized access,
misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources.
Help desk support specialists are the go-to people for providing technical assistance
and support related to computer systems, hardware, and software. They are responsible for
answering queries and addressing system and user issues in a timely and professional manner.