Procedure No.

: AITECH/NDT/MT/001
MAGNETIC PARTICLE Rev No. : 01
EXAMINATION Issued date : 19-Dec-2017
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MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE

Name: Name:
Position: Position:

Signed: Signed:

Date: Date:

01 19-Dec-2017 Issued for NGUYEN HONG THANG MAI ANH TAI

Approval NDE Level II NDE Level III
Prepared by Approved by

Rev. Date Description AITECH JSC

 Procedure No. : AITECH/NDT/MT/001
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RECORD OF REVISIONS
Rev. Date Change of Item

00 30-August-2017 Issued for Review and Approval

Update Code:
- ASME Section I, Section V, Section VIII Div.1, 2017
01 19-Dec-2017
Edition.
ASME B31.1, 2016 Edition
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CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 4
2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 4
3. ABBREVIATION AND TERMINOLOGY ............................................................................. 4
4. ESSENTIAL OF PROCEDURE ............................................................................................. 4
5. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 6
6. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL ..................................................................................... 6
7. EXAMINATION MEDIUM.................................................................................................... 6
8. METHOD OF EXAMINATION AND MAGNETIZATION TECHNIQUE .............................. 7
9. SURFACE CONDITION ........................................................................................................ 7
10. CALIBRATION ..................................................................................................................... 8
11. EXAMINATION .................................................................................................................... 8
11.1. Direction of magnetization ..................................................................................................... 8
11.2. Examination coverage ............................................................................................................ 9
11.3. Magnetizing Field Adequacy And Direction ......................................................................... 9
12. INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................................ 10
13. DEMAGNETIZATION ........................................................................................................ 11
14. POST INSPECTION CLEANING ........................................................................................ 11
15. EVALUATION .................................................................................................................... 11
16. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ................................................................................................. 12
16.1. According to ASME Section I, 2017 Edition:...................................................................... 12
16.2. According to ASME SECTION VIII, Div.1, 2017 Edition: ................................................ 12
16.3. According to ASME B31.1, 2016 Edition ........................................................................... 12
17. EXAMINATION RECORDS ................................................................................................ 13
18. PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION................................................................................ 13
19. APPENDIX ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
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1. INTRODUCTION

This procedure is to govern the continuous method of color contrast magnetic particle
examination using the AC Yoke for the steel structure, weldments, fittings, boilers, pressure
vessels and power piping and carried out by AITECH JSC.

When required by the applicable specifications, follow this procedure shall be further
detailed on the actual conditions and demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customer.

(01) 2. SCOPE

This procedure defines the conditions of performing the Magnetic Particle examination in
accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

The procedure is applied for demonstration to comply with the requirements of ASME
Section I Code refer A 260.4, Section V, Section VIII Div.1 Code refer Appendix 6, 2017
Edition and ASME B31.1 Code refer Paragraph 136.4.3, 2016 Edition

3. ABBREVIATION AND TERMINOLOGY

- ASNT : American Society for Non-destructive Testing

- ASME : American Society of Mechanical Engineers

- ASTM : American Society for Testing and Material

4. ESSENTIAL OF PROCEDURE

4.1 Requirements. Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a

written procedure which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirements listed in Table T-
721. The written procedure shall establish a single value, or range of values, for each
requirement.

4.2 Procedure Qualification: When procedure qualification is specified by the referencing

ASME Code Section V, Article 7, a change of a requirement in Table T-721 identified as an
essential variable shall require requalification of the written procedure by demonstration to
satisfaction of the Authorized Inspector. A change of a requirement identified as a
nonessential variable does not require requalification of the written procedure. All changes
of essential or nonessential variables from those specified within the written procedure shall
require revision of, or an addendum to, the written procedure.
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Table T – 721
REQUIREMENT OF A MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Requirement Essential Nonessential Procedure
Variable Variable Paragraph No.
Magnetizing Technique X Section 8
Magnetizing current type or amperage outside range specified X Section 4
by this article or as previously qualified
Surface preparation X Section 9
Magnetic particles (fluorescent/visible, color, particle size, X Section 7
wet/dry)
Method of particle application X Section 8
Method of excess particle removal X Section 8
Minimum light intensity X Section 12
Existing coating, greater than the thickness demonstrated X Section 9
Nonmagnetic surface contrast enhancement, when utilized X Section 9
Performance demonstration, when required X Section 18
Examination part surface temperature out side of the X Section 7
temperature range recommended by the manufacturer of the
particles or as previously qualified
Shape or size of the examination object X None
Equipment of the same type X None
Temperature (within those specified by the manufacturer or as X None
previously qualified)
Demagnetizing technique X Section 13
Post-examination cleaning technique X Section 14
Personnel qualification requirements x Section 6

This Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure, Document No.: AITECH/NDT/MT/001, Rev. 01 has
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authorized Inspector to comply with the requirements of
ASME Code Section V, Article I, Paragraph T-150.

Supervised by NDE Level III

Witnessed / Accepted by AI
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(01) 5. REFERENCES

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V, 2017 Edition.

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I, Section VIII Div.1, 2017 Edition.

ASME Power Piping Code B31.1, 2016 Edition

ASTM SE 709-15, Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination.

AITECH’s Written Practice for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel, Doc. No:
AITECH-NDT-WP-01

SNT-TC-1A, 2006 Edition Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and

Certification in Non-Destructive Testing,

6. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL

Personnel performing the Magnetic Particle Examination shall be qualified and certified as
level II or level III in accordance with:

- AITECH JSC’s Written Practice for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
Document No.: AIT-NDT-WP-001, which is based on SNT-TC-1A, 2006 Edition
Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non-Destructive
Testing or

- National or international central certification programs, such as the ASNT Central

Certification Program (ACCP) or ISO 9712:2012 based programs, may be alternatively
used to fulfill the training, experience, and examination requirements of the documents
listed as specified in the AITECH’s Written Practice.

(01) 7. EXAMINATION MEDIUM

Examination medium used in this procedure shall not adversely affect the integrity of the
part examined and shall be either

- Wet Visible Black Magnetic Particles

- Black magnetic ink and background contrast paint and solvent cleaner must meet the
requirements of ASTM E 709-15. They must all be of the same manufacturer.

Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitations set by the manufacture and
the applicable specification.
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Types of consumable materials to be used are as follow:

TYPE
BRAND
White contrast paint Black magnetic particle Remover
Mega Check 1, 3
NABAKEM MP-35 SM-15
Cleaner

Note: consumable materials shall be non-corrosive, non-sulfur and non-halogenated

8. METHOD OF EXAMINATION AND MAGNETIZATION TECHNIQUE

Examination shall be do by the continuous method; that is, the magnetizing current remains
on while the examination medium is being applied and while excess of the examination
medium is being removed.

Alternative current (AC) electromagnetic yokes shall be use as a magnetizing force.

Accumulations of excess particles in examinations shall be removed with a light air steam
from a bulb or syringe or other source of low pressure dry air. The examination current or
power shall be maintained while removing the excess particles.

(01) 9. SURFACE CONDITION

Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surfaces are in the as - welded conditions.

However, where surface irregularities could mask indications due to discontinuities, surface
preparation by grinding or machining maybe necessary and employed.

Prior to the examination, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 25
mm shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux and spatter, oil, or other
extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.

Cleaning maybe accomplished using detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions, paint
removers, vapor degreasing, sand or grit blasting, or ultrasonic cleaning methods.

If coatings are left on the part in the area being examined, it must be removed from the
surface before inspection.
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When coatings are applied temporarily to uncoated surfaces, it is maximum 5 layers in

amounts sufficient to enhance particle contrast, it must be demonstrated that indications can
be detected through the enhancement coating.

Nonmagnetic paint contrast enhancement may be applied by the examiner to uncoated

surface, it is maximum 5 layers in amounts sufficient to enhance particle contrast. When
nonmagnetic surface contrast enhancement is used, it shall be demonstrated that indications
can be detected through the enhancement. Thickness measurement of this nonmagnetic
surface contrast enhancement is not required.

(01) 10. CALIBRATION

The applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to produce satisfactory indications.

The magnetizing power of all yokes shall be checked by their lifting power in accordance
the following requirements:

Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power at least 4.5 kg at
75-150 mm pole spacing that will be used.

Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable manufacturer and stenciled with
the applicable nominal weight prior to first use. A weight need only be verified again if
damaged in a manner that could have caused potential loss of material.

The magnetizing power of yokes shall be verified prior to use each day the yoke is used.
The magnetizing power of yokes shall be verified whenever the yoke has been damaged or
repaired.

The lifting power of all yokes shall be checked whenever the yoke has been damaged or
repaired.

Light meters shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever a meter has been repaired.
If meters have not been in use for one year or more, calibration shall be done before being
used.

11. EXAMINATION

11.1. Direction of magnetization

At least two separate examinations shall be performed on each area.

During second examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately perpendicular
to those used during the first examination.
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See Appendix II for some typical positions of Yoke for examination of welds.

11.2. Examination coverage

All examinations shall be conducted with sufficient field overlap to ensure 100% coverage
at the required sensitivity (as described in section 10).

Whenever possible further directions of magnetization may be employed to further establish

indications of low intensity.

11.3. Magnetizing Field Adequacy and Direction

Magnetic Field Adequacy

- The applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to produce satisfactory
indications, but shall not be so strong that it causes the masking of relevant indications
by nonrelevant accumulations of magnetic particles. Factors that influence the require
field strength include the size, shape, and material permeability of the part; the technique
of magnetization; coatings; the method of particle application; and the type and location
of discontinuities to be detected. When it is necessary to verify the adequacy of
magnetic field strength, it shall be verified by using of the following methods;

a. Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator

The indicator, shown in Figure 1 shall be positioned on the surface to be examined,

such that the copper-plated side is away from the inspected surface. A suitable field
strength is indicated when a clearly defined line (or lines) of magnetic particles
form(s) across the copper face of the indicator when the magnetic particles are
applied simultaneously with the magnetizing force. When a clearly defined line of
particles is not formed, the magnetizing technique shall be changed as needed.
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Figure 1: Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator

b. Magnetic Field Direction

The direction of magnetization shall be determined by particle indications obtained

using an indicator as shown in Fig. 1. When a clearly defined line of particles is not
formed in the desired direction, the magnetizing technique shall be changed as
needed.

(01) 12. INTERPRETATION

Visible (Color contrast) Magnetic Particles: Surface discontinuities are indicated by

accumulations of magnetic particles which should contrast with the examination surface.
The color of the magnetic particle shall be sufficiently different than the color of the
examination surface. Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination
surface is required for the evaluation of indications. The minimum light intensity shall be
100 fc (1076 lx). The light intensity, natural or supplemental white light source, shall be
measured with a white light meter prior to the evaluation of indications or a verified light
source shall be used. Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated only one
time, documented, and maintained on file.
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13. DEMAGNETIZATION

When residual magnetism in the part could interfere with subsequent processing or usage,
the part shall be demagnetized any time after completion of the examination.

Alternating – Current (AC) yokes shall be used for localized demagnetization by placing the
poles on the surface moving them around the area, and slowly with drawing the AC yokes
while it is still energized.

Care should be exercised to ensure that the part is entirely removed from the influenced of
the AC yokes before the demagnetizing force is discontinued.

After demagnetization, residual fields shall not exceed 3 G unless otherwise agreed upon or
as specified on the engineering drawing or in the contract, purchase order, or specification.

14. POST INSPECTION CLEANING

Post cleaning is necessary where magnetic particle materials could interfere with subsequent
processing or with service requirements. Post cleaning techniques shall be as follows:

- The drying of wet particle and subsequent removal by brushing of use of compressed
air.

- Removal of wet particle by flushing with solvent.

- Any other techniques which may be used if they do not interfere with subsequent
requirements

15. EVALUATION

All indications shall be evaluated in term of the acceptance standard of the referencing Code
Section

Discontinuities on or near the surface are indicated by retention of the examination medium.
However, localized surface irregularities due to machinery marks or other surface conditions
may produce false indications.

Board areas of particle accumulation, which might mask indications from discontinuities,
are prohibited, an such areas shall be cleaned and re-examined.

Only indication, which has any dimension greater than 1.5 mm, shall be considered relevant.

A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
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A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than
three times its width.

Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not

they are relevant.

(01) 16. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

16.1. According to ASME Section I, 2017 Edition:

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified
for specific materials or applications with A-260.4 of ASME Section I, 2017 Edition show
as below:

All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:

(a) relevant linear indications;

(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3⁄16 in. (5 mm);

(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1⁄16 in (1.5 mm) or
less, edge to edge.

16.2. According to ASME SECTION VIII, Div.1, 2017 Edition:

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified
for specific materials or applications with Appendix 6 of ASME Section VIII Div.1, 2017
Edition, show as below:

All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:

(a) Relevant linear indications;

(b) Relevant rounded indications greater than 3⁄16 in. (5 mm);

(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1⁄16 in (1.5 mm) or
less, edge to edge.

16.3. According to ASME B31.1, 2016 Edition

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified
for specific materials or applications with Paragraph 136.4.3 of ASME B31.1, 2016 Edition

(a) any cracks or linear indications;

(b) Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3/16 in.(5.0 mm);
(c) Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in (2.0 mm) or less
edge to edge.
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(d) Ten or more rounded indications in any 6 in2 (3870 mm²) of surface with the major
dimension of this area not to exceed 6 in.(150 mm) with the area taken in the most
unfavorable location relative to the indications being evaluated.

(01) 17. EXAMINATION RECORDS

A magnetic Particle Examination report will be generated and will contain the following
minimum information as applicable:

a) Identification of the weld, part, or component examined including weld number,

serial number, or other identifier

b) examination method, technique, procedure Identification, and revision

c) Magnetic particle equipment and type of current

d) Magnetic particle (Visible and wet)

e) Map or record of indications per T-792, Article 7 of ASME Section V.

f) Material and thickness

g) Lighting equipment

h) Name and/or identity and certification level (if applicable) for personnel performing
the examination

i) Results of the examination

j) Date of examination

Magnetic Particle Examination results shall be recorded on Magnetic Particle

Examination Report please see Form AITECH/MT/F01 attached.

18. PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION

A demonstration shall be performed for commencement of magnetic particle

examination work to procedure acceptable results to client or certifying agency.
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Appendix II: Typical Example of Yoke Pole Locations