CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

OLONGAPO CITY

“DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2”

By:

JANN ERICKA URSUA JAO

A Case Study Paper

Submitted to:

Ms. Rina Nina Salvador Dimapilis, RN, LPT

October 2019

Final

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE …………………………………...………………………………..….. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………...... 2

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus common known as diabetes is a disease that prevents your body from
properly using the energy from the food you eat. Diabetes occurs in one of the following
situations:

The pancreas (an organ behind your stomach) produces little insulin or no insulin at all.
Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, which helps
the body use sugar for energy.

-Or-

The pancreas makes insulin, but the insulin made does not work as it should. This
condition is called insulin resistance.

Your body is made up of millions of cells. To make energy, the cells need food in a very
simple form. When you eat or drink, much of your food is broken down into a simple sugar
called glucose. Glucose provides the energy your body needs for daily activities.

The blood vessels and blood are the highways that transport sugar from where it is either
taken in (the stomach) or manufactured (in the liver) to the cells where it is used (muscles) or
where it is stored (fat). Sugar cannot go into the cells by itself. The pancreas releases insulin into
the blood, which serves as the helper, or the "key," that let’s sugar into the cells for use as
energy.

When sugar leaves the bloodstream and enters the cells, the blood sugar level is lowered.
Without insulin, or the "key," sugar cannot get into the body's cells for use as energy. This causes
sugar to rise. Too much sugar in the blood is called "hyperglycemia" (high blood sugar).

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

What are the types of diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes occurs because the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas (beta cells) are
damaged. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas makes little or no insulin, so sugar cannot get into the
body's cells for use as energy. People with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control
their blood glucose. Type 1 is the most common form of diabetes in people who are under age
30, but it can occur at any age. Ten percent of people with diabetes are diagnosed with type 1.

In Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes), the pancreas makes insulin, but it either doesn't
produce enough, or the insulin does not work properly. Nine out of 10 people with diabetes have
type 2. This type occurs most often in people who are over 40 years old but can occur even in
childhood if there are risk factors present. Type 2 diabetes may sometimes be controlled with a
combinati

Gestational diabetes occurs when there is a high blood glucose level during pregnancy.
As pregnancy progresses, the developing baby has a greater need for glucose. Hormone changes
during pregnancy also affect the action of insulin, which brings about high blood glucose
levels.on of diet, weight management and exercise.

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease. It is characterized by high levels of sugar in the
blood. Type 2 diabetes is also called type 2 diabetes mellitus and adult-onset diabetes. That's
because it used to start almost always in middle- and late-adulthood. However, more and more
children and teens are developing this condition. Type 2 diabetes is much more common than
type 1 diabetes, and is really a different disease. But it shares with type 1 diabetes high blood
sugar levels, and the complications of high blood sugar.

During digestion, food is broken down into basic components. Carbohydrates are broken
down into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Glucose is a critically important source of energy for
the body's cells. To provide energy to the cells, glucose needs to leave the blood and get inside
the cells.

Insulin traveling in the blood signals the cells to take up glucose. Insulin is a hormone
produced by the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen. When levels of glucose in
the blood rise (for example, after a meal), the pancreas produces more insulin.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body's cells resist the normal effect of insulin, which is to
drive glucose in the blood into the inside of the cells. This condition is called insulin resistance.
As a result, glucose starts to build up in the blood.

Type 2 diabetes runs in families. Obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes.

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

What causes diabetes?

• Family history of diabetes

• Being overweight

• High blood pressure

• Age (risk increases with age)

• Smoking

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

The symptoms of diabetes include:

• Increased thirst

• Increased hunger (especially after eating)

• Dry mouth

• Frequent urination

• Unexplained weight loss (even though you are eating and feel hungry)

• Weak, tired feeling

• Blurred vision

• Slow-healing sores or cuts

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 CENTRAL LUZON COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OLONGAPO CITY

Nursing care plan

Name: Ricky Manalo Jao

Age: 51

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTIO EVALUATION

N
Subjective:
“hindi
gumagaling ang
sugat ko: (my
wounds are not
healing) as
verbalized said
by the patient.

Objective:

Red appearance
of the wound

V|S taken as
follows

T: 37.3

PR: 87

RR: 19

BP: 120/90