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  • A A 1 5 7 B 8 5 2 C 8 B 4 3 e 2 B 7 6 8 6 0 F 4 D 4 3 e A 9 A F PDF

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    41 views10 pages

    A A 1 5 7 B 8 5 2 C 8 B 4 3 e 2 B 7 6 8 6 0 F 4 D 4 3 e A 9 A F PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abrar Zarif

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 10
    14.(a) Explain what is meant by the primary structure of a protein molecule. 2) (b) Explain the role of hydrogen bonding in maintaining the structure of a globular protein such as insulin, 3) (0) Describe how the structure of a fibrous protein, such as collagen, differs from the structure of a globular protein. 2. The diagram below shows the structure of a triglyceride molecule. (a)(i) Name the part of the molecule labelled A. (li) Name the type of bond formed between part A and a fatty aci. (b) Stearic acid and oleic acid are both examples of fatty acids. Each has a hydrocarbon chain containing 17 carbon atoms. Stearic acid is @ saturated fatty acid but oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid Give two ways in which the structure of a stearic acid molecule differs from the structure of an oleic acid molecule. 1. (2) (Describe two functions of lipids in animals. 1. (4) (total marks=8) 3° Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in developed countries, and accounts for over 1160 000 deaths each year in the United Kingdom. One of the main causes of CHD is atherosclerosis, a condition in which lipids and connective tissue build up on the inside wall of blood vessels. (2) _ State two consequences of atherosclerosis which may lead to the development of CHD in an individual. L sesnnnenaseeee snes 2. . ese . (2) (b) The table shows deaths from coronary heart disease as a percentage of all deaths in the United Kingdom in 1983. Percentage of all deaths ‘Age / years Males: Females, 0-14 4 3 15-24 7 10 25-34 15 14 35-44 En 18 45-54 53 26 55-64 53 37 65-74 53. 50 75 and over 51 56 (Which two risk factors associated with the development of CHD are indicated in the table? os 1) (li)With reference to the data in the table, compare the percentage of deaths from CHD in males and females. 3) (total marks=6) 4.(a) (i) Explain what is meant by the term facilitated diffusion. . . (2) (ii)State two ways in which active transport differs from facilitated diffusion. (2) (b)In an investigation into the effects of osmosis on red blood cells, seven samples of red blood cells were placed in potassium chloride solutions of different concentrations. After two hours, each sample was examined to find the percentage of cells that had swollen and burst (Iysed). The results are shown in the graph below 100 90 80 Percentage of 7° ‘cells that o ae \ “ 40 30 20 0 ° os 00s 0.06 oor 0.08 Concentration of potassium chloride /mol dm” (i) Calculate the difference between the percentage of red blood cells that burst in 0.05 mol dm=1 and 0.07 mol dm=1 potassium chloride solutions. Show your working. Answer. 2) (li) With reference to water potential, explain why most of the cells burst when placed in 0.05 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution. (3) (il) Suggest what would happen if red blood cells were placed in a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of potassium chloride. of) (©) Explain why plant cells do not burst when placed in disiled water. (2) (total marks=12) 5 The addition of sugars to food is one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). (2) Two sources of sugar used in foods are sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup. (i) Describe how sucrose is formed from monosaccharides. ° (ii) High-fructose corn syrup is manufactured from starch. Describe the structure of starch, (b) There may be a relationship between added sugar in the diet and the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood. ‘A study of young people was carried out to investigate this relationship. ‘The graph below shows the results of this study. 20. 19. aoe Ratio of LDL-cholesterol a to HDL-cholesterol es Oto

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