CE 226 : Fluid Mechanics Lab

Md. Nabil Zawad

Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Presidency University (PU)
Experiment 7: Flow over V-notch
 Objective of this experiment
- To find Cd for flow over v-notch

- To plot Qa against Qt in plain graph paper

- To plot Qa against H in log-log paper and find the

exponents.
 Weir/ Notch
• A weir is a barrier across the width of a river or stream that alters the
characteristics of the flow and usually results in a change in the height of the
water level. Weir is sometimes referred to ‘Notch’ when the size is relatively
small. Also, notches are made of metal plates whereas a weir is made of
mortar or concrete.

• Weir can be classified based on different parameter.

• The most common types of sharp-crested weir are

the rectangular weir and the triangular weir. The
triangular weir or V-notch is preferable to the
rectangular weir for the measurement of wide
range of flow.
 Why triangle weirs are preferred over rectangular weirs?

- When small quantity of flow needs to be measured the V-notch

weir is preferable because the triangular cross-section of the
notch leads to a relatively greater variation in head.

- Also, V- notch weir has the advantage that it can function for a
very small flow and also measures reasonably larger flows as
well.
 Applications of Weirs
• Weirs are commonly used to measure or regulate flow in rivers, streams,
irrigation canals, etc.

• Installing a weir in an open channel system causes critical depth to form over
the weir. Since there is a unique relationship between the critical depth and
discharge, a weir can be designed as a flow-measuring device.

• Weirs are also built to raise the water level in a channel to divert the flow to
irrigation systems that are located at higher elevations.
 Objective: Find Cd for the V-notch

Determination of Qt
Qt = Theoretical Discharge.

Follow these steps to get Qt :

1. Consider a strip and calculate its area
2. Flow rate passing through this strip will be
Area * Velocity (Vt)
3. Now, integrate the equation of this flow rate
dh
to get Qt for the given V-notch.
 Determination of Cd

The coefficient of discharge depends on relative head (H/P), relative height (P/B), and
angle of the notch (θ). For the most common angle of notch 90 degree, the discharge
coefficient Cd is about 0.6
Apparatus
h1

h0
Demo

https://youtu.be/cNuI0SCWN0M
https://youtu.be/HGQM913rI10
 Experiment No. 7
FLOW OVER A V-NOTCH
Observation and Calculation Sheet

Angle of the notch, q =

K=
Cross-sectional area of the measuring tank =
Initial point gauge reading =
Final point gauge reading =

No. of Vol. Collection Actual Effective Theoretical Co-eff.

Obs. of time discharge head discharge of
water T Qa H Qt discharge

No of
observation
Actual
discharge Qa
Effective
head H
Theoretical
discharge

_____________________

Signature of the Teacher

THANK YOU