Late Modern Architecture

Trends

Theory of Architecture
Fourth Stage
Assis. Lecturer Raghad Ahmed Fadhil
Architecture Engineering Department
College of Engineering/ Mustansiriyah University
  The movement name came from critics in 1977 to
Identify it from other trends in the same time,
especially Post-Modernism.
 The Main Factors in Late Modern Architecture
Appearance:
 1. The Decline of Modern architecture (International
Late Style).
Modernism  2. The Second Industrial Revolution (Space Craft,
Electronics, Computers).
 3. The Boredom of typical repetition of buildings with
modules, mass production, and standardization.
 4. Architecture lost its communication with people
and ignored their needs.
 Late Modernism Principles
 1. Loyalty to Modern Architecture principles (Rationality,
The Museum of Modern Art, Japan, 1974 Function , and Modern Technology)
 2. Communication with User (extreme emphasis on
building structure and Hi- technology to express the
aesthetic values). Single coded architecture, as described
by Charles Jenks because it represents the concepts and
forms of modern movement extremely to building
technology as a try to add aesthetic values, and delight to
Sainsbury Centre, UK, 1977 the user.
 3. Flexibility (buildings are designed to meet user’s
needs).
 4. The Benefit of Past experiences (Revivalism of
twentieth architecture, the production of distinct
architecture which is different from the existing
Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1977 buildings).
 1. Sculptural Form and Hyperbole
Late 2. Extreme Articulation
Modernism 3. Second Machine Aesthetic
Trends 4. Slick Tech
5. Twenties Revivalism
1. Sculptural Form
and Hyperbole
 1.Using reinforced concrete in
geometric expression.
 2.Metaphor from nature (waves,
birds, etc.).
 3.Emphasis on skeletal structure
with uniform curves.
Notre Dame du
 4.Using contradiction in forms Ronchamp
and shapes. Le Corbusier
 5.It is known as “Form as Form” 1950
Sculptural
Form and
Hyperbole
TWA Terminal, Eero Saarrinen, 1962

Opera Sydney
John Otzon 1972
 2. Extreme Articulation Kimbell
 1.Reaction on flat surfaces
museum
 2.Using simple geometry Louis Kahn
 3.Using multiple materials (steel, wood,
concrete)
 4.Rhythmic repetition of elements
(stylish exaggeration)
 5.Emphasis on skeletal system (skin and
bone).
 6. Structure’s details (joints) as
ornament
 7. Influenced by x-team and brutalism
 Luis Kahn ideal "structure is space"
 Extreme Yale University, Art Gallery
Louis Kahn 1953
Articulation

Phillips Exeter academy, Library Amestrdam Housing

Louis Kahn 1972 Aldo Van Eyck 1952
 X-team
▪ Members of CIAM organized
the 10th meeting in 1956
▪ Alison and peter smithson
led the team
▪ Paying attention to human
psychological needs
▪ Interest in new age needs
▪ Applying order in design
▪ Interest in regionalism
▪ Encouraging participatory
design
▪ New brutalism according to
place's identity
Eastwood Housing Project
Jose Louis Sert 1975
Thank You