UBAID ULLAH ZIA KHAN 2007-CIVIL-94

PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM/ INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION

SYSTEM:
SEASONS:
 RABBI SEASON OCT TO MAR MAJOR CROP IS WHEAT
 KHARIF SEASON APR TO SEPT MAJOR CROP IS RICE

 Water requirement in KHARIF is more than in RABBI.

RESOURCES OF WATER IN PAKISTAN:

 Rain fall
 Surface water  snow melt, rainfall runoff.
 Ground water 42 million acres is used to extract water from water table.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

irrigation activity was first started in river Nile, they excavated channels from river nile.so, they
constructed uncontrolled canals.

INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM:

It is the largest interconnected irrigation system in the world.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THIS SYSTEM:

 There are three major functioning irrigation reservoirs.

TARBELA
MANGALA
CHASHMA

 There are 16 major barrages in Pakistan and 2 head works.

 12 interlinks canals
 Around 44 main canals.
 Around 105 million acres ft. is average annual water diversion in canals
 About 42 million acre ft. of water is extracted from water table.
 More than 7 lakhs tube wells.
 About 36 million acres is irrigated area in PAKISTAN.
 On average basis around 39 acres ft. of water goes into Arabian sea.
 It was constructed in 19th century under British government.
 Earlier stages involve the construction of inundation canals on Indus river and its tributary.
 These canals later on converted to controlled structures.
 First barrage was constructed in 1887 which is MARALA head works.
 Later on in 1968 it is constructed as gated weir.
 Triple canal project , it was sanctioned in 1905, the main purpose of it is to link JHELUM and
CHENAB. First project is to transfer water from 1 river to other. It involved the diversion of river
from Jhelum through :
UBAID ULLAH ZIA KHAN 2007-CIVIL-94

 Feeder canal from JHELUM CHENAB above Khanki at Mangala the name is Upper Jhelum
canal.
 Canal from BALOKI head worksLOWER BARI DUAB CANAL (LBDC) it is irrigation canal.
 Barrages like Sukkhar barrage in 1932 on Indus River.
I
NDUS BASIN TERIOTARY:

SALIENT FEATURES OF THIS COMPACT (19th sept, 1960):

 Irrigation system is common.

 Water of western rivers allocated to Pakistan which involves:
a. Indus River
b. Jhelum
c. Chenab
 India can construct runoff river projects on these rivers.
 Other three eastern rivers are given to India, which are:
d. Ravi
e. Sutlej
f. Bias

WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD(1991)

SALIENT FEATURES OF THIS COVENENT:

 To settle disputes among provinces.

 After TARBELA problems starts between Punjab and Sindh.
 To protect the existing usage of canal water in provinces.
 This accord is based on historical flows from 1977-82
 To proportionate the balance of river supplies including flood surpluses and future storages
among provinces.
 Structures over the rivers.