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Aging Characteristics of Warm-Mix Asphalt Binders
Aging Characteristics of Warm-Mix Asphalt Binders
Abstract: Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has gained lot of interest among researchers and highway engineers in recent years because of the
environmental and financial benefits associated with lower production temperatures. However, there are some characteristics of warm-mix
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asphalt that have not been investigated in detail. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the performance of warm asphalt mixtures,
but there is a need to investigate the physical and rheological properties of warm-mix binders. This paper presents results of a study carried out
to investigate the aging characteristics of warm-mix asphalt binders. WMA binders prepared with three different warm-mix additives were
aged in a rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) at lower temperatures to simulate warm-mix asphalt aging while control binders were aged at 163°C
only. Short-term aged binders were then aged in a pressure-aging vessel (PAV) to simulate long-term aging. Several parameters like aging
index, G =sin δ, G sin δ, m-values, and stiffness of the aged binders were evaluated and results of warm-mix binders were compared with
hot-mix asphalt binders. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests were also carried out on these binders to quantify aging of the
binders with and without warm-mix asphalt additives. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002013. © 2017 American Society of Civil
Engineers.
Author keywords: Warm-mix asphalt; Aging index; Stiffness; Bending beam rheometer; Fatigue; Rutting.
1.94 25
2.00 VG 30 binders PMB 40 binders 19.9
1.53 20
1.45
G*/sinδ, KPa
15 12.3
1.09 1.07
8.79 9.2 8.96 8.89
1.00 10 7.17
5
0.50
0
0.00 VP 163 VE 163 VR 163 VS 163 VE 115 VR 115 VS 115
Control Sasobit Evotherm Rediset
Fig. 2. Effect of additives on rutting parameter of VG 30 binder
Fig. 1. Aging indices of binders recovered from mixes
25
21
rotovapor as per ASTM D2172 (ASTM 2011) and ASTM D5404
20 17.4
(ASTM 2012) and were then recovered using the Abson recovery
G*/sinδ, KPa
3000 200
2500 2291
G*sinδ, KPa
300
3500 245
2930 250
3000 218 208
2570 205
Stiffness, Mpa
2090 162
1900 1880
2000 1720 150
1500
100
1000
50
500
0 0
PP 163 PE 163 PR 163 PS 163 PE 135 PR 135 PS 135 PP 163 PS 163 PE 163 PR 163 PS 135 PE 135 PR 135
Fig. 5. Effect of the additives on fatigue parameter of PMB 40 binder Fig. 7. Stiffness of PMB 40 warm-mix binders
0.192
0.2
0.15
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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0.1
0.05 The values of aging indices of various warm-mix and control
0 binders reported in this study indicated that warm-mix asphalt ex-
VP 163 VS 163 VE 163 VR 163 VS 115 VE 115 VR 115 periences less aging from exposure to lower temperatures in com-
parison to hot-mix asphalt. FTIR spectroscopy was used to quantify
Fig. 8. m-values for VG 30 warm-mix binders the aging in the binders with and without warm-mix additives.
FTIR for asphalt binders is used as an indicator of oxidation
0.35 (i.e., aging), as it allows identification of the formation of two
0.315
0.293 chemical entities resulting from oxidation: the carbonyl (C═O) and
0.3 0.271 0.267
0.243
0.262 0.258 sulfoxide (S═O) groups. The relative increase of C═O and S═O
0.25 functional groups reflects asphalt aging. Functional characteristics
m-value
0.30 0.24
0.20 0.22 0.22
0.19 0.18 0.10
0.20 0.16
0.10 0.00
VP VE VR VS PP PE PR PS
0.00
VP VE VR VS PP PE PR PS (a)
(a) 1030 cm-1
0.50 0.47
1700 cm-1 0.40 0.40 0.38
0.40 0.34 0.34
Absorbance
0.34 0.33
0.29 0.29 0.30 0.20
0.30 0.22
0.21
0.10
0.20
0.10 0.00
VP VE VR VS PP PE PR PS
0.00
VP VE VR VS PP PE PR PS (b)
(b) 1030 cm-1
1.60 1.37
1700 cm-1 1.40 1.30
1.20 1.13 1.09
Absorbance
0.40 1.01
0.33 1.00 0.89 0.87
0.35 0.30 0.30
0.28 0.29 0.69
Absorbance