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Erathquake Report
Erathquake Report
on
Damage Survey at Sreemangal
due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Tripura M=5.5 Earthquake
1
Contents
2. Method: ............................................................................................................................................. 4
4. Result: ............................................................................................................................................. 10
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Report on Damage Survey at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Tripura M=5.5 Earthquake
Purpose: To confirm building damage and seismic intensity at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Earthquake
1. Earthquake information:
Earthquake: 2017 Jan. 03 09:09:02 UTC, M=5.5 N24.02, E92.01 (Tripura, India) (by USGS)
Damage: (source: PWD Maulvibazar District Office, ADPC, and etc.)
- First investigation in Jan. by Mr. Kazi Sharif Uddin Ahmed, former EE of Maulvibazar, PWD and Mr.
Shakhawat Hossain, DPD of BSPP, and Mr. S.K. Toufiqur Rahman of PWD HQ
- One RC residential building in Sreemangal was affected with shear cracks on beam and column.
- A number of brick masonry members were cracked but not so collapsed in Kamalganj
- Maulvibazar also felt severely, but no building damage was found
- Several liquefaction were reported in Kamalganj by local authority and newspapers
- Uncertain information
Two fire stations were affected in Kamalganj and Sreemangal
a bridge by LGED in Kamalganj affected
a resort in Sreemangal was a little bit affected
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Survey Members and support:
Members: Mr. S.K. Toufiqur Rahman (PWD-HQ), Mr. S.M. Ahsanul Amin and Mr. Fumio Kaneko (BSPP-
JET) with Mr. Borun Kumar Biswas, Executive Engineer of Maulvibazar District, PWD, A.K.M. Tanvir
Ahmed, SDE of Maulvibazar District PWD and Md. Abdul Malik, SAE of Maulvibazar District PWD and
escorted by Kamalganj Thana 6 Policemen team
Supported by Mr. KM Mostafa Hasan, Superintending Engineer and Mr. Shakhawat Hossain, Executive
Engineer of PWD Headquarter, Mr. Kazi Sharif Uddin Ahmed, previous Executive Engineer of
Maulvibazar District PWD
Sponsored by: JICA Bangladesh Office
2. Method:
Survey was conducted by the Visual Survey of buildings and seismic intensity interview by surveyors. The
checklist and relating criteria on damage grade and seismic intensity are shown below.
Building Damage Assessment Sheet Date:
Name of surveyor: Sheet No.:
Building address:
Longitude: Latitude:
No. of story: Construction Year: 1. Visual 2. Listen
1. Adobe (mud, clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint
Structure type: 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint 4. Confined masonry
5. RC frame w. brick infill wall 6. Others (wooden, steel) 1. Visual 2. Listen
Floor type: 1. Concrete 2. Wooden 1. Visual 2. Listen
1. Residence 2. Residence w shop 3. Office 4. Shop 5. School 6. Hospital
Usage:
7. Public buildings 8. Historical 9. Others No. of household: Rent: 1 Yes, 2. No
Damage degree: 0. No damage 1. Slight 2. Moderate 3. Substantial 4. Heavy 5. Destruction
Ground failure: 0. Not found 1. Liquefaction 2. Landslide 3. Settlement
Intensity (MMI): II III IV V VI VII
No. of death: No. of injured:
Photos:
Remarks: Irregularity, overhang, etc.
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Criteria of damage grade (by ERS)
5
Explanation of MMI intensity (by NSET)
For actual use in the survey, among MMI intensities of I to XII, I to VI are translated into Bengali this
time.
6
Original information of MMI explanation by NSET.
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3. Surveyed Sites and location maps:
1A-1E : affected building in Sreemangal (Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare)
2 - 5 : surrounding buildings of affected one in Sreemangal
6 : Fire Station at Sreemangal
7 : Labor Welfare Division building at Sreemangal (Kolkarkhana)
8 : Kamalganj Thana bldg. at Kamalganj
9 : Fire Station at Kamalganj
Map 1
Saghot Digi
1A-1E
Map 2
1
1
4
2
3
7
8
Map 3
playground
Map 4
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4. Result:
Visited sites are summarized as a list below.
1. List of Visited Building
lD. Name of Building Story Location Construction Affected Seismic Comments
No Year Status intensity
1 Sarkari Shishu Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,
Paribar Social Maulvibazar.
Welfare
1.A Child Residence 5 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, 2001 Moderate IV Lots of cracks & heavy
Maulvibazar. damage were found in
structural elements.
1.B Class Room 2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, 1961 No Damage IV Lots of deficiencies were
Maulvibazar. found, but maybe before
earthquake
1.C Office Building 2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, 2001 No Damage IV
Maulvibazar.
1.D Officer Residence 1 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, 2001 No Damage IV
Maulvibazar.
1.E Office Cum 2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, 2001 Slight IV Cracks were found in
school building Maulvibazar. structural elements
(beam & column)
2 Sreemongal 2 Puran Bazar Road, 20+ years old No Damage IV
Upzilla Post Office Sreemongal,Maulvibazar. Post
Code‐3210
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Conclusion:
1) Seismic intensity
Seismic intensity at Sarkari Shishu Paribar building of Social Welfare in Sreemangal would be MMI
Intensity IV, and surrounding area, where affected were very less, would be IV or III to IV. This might be
maximum 40-50gals in PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration). One specific issue would be a “seiche” (tidal
wave) in the Saghot Digi (pond) behind the Shishu Paribar building.
On the contrary, in Kamalganj at Thana building, MMI was V, and at Fire station MMI was IV, therefore
a little bit stronger ground shaking than at Sreemangal. Considering the liquefaction occurrence, PGA there
would be 50-80gals maximum.
2) Damage to buildings
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building in the time of the earthquake, heard a loud sound and felt heavy shake.
Some of the causes of the damage might be considered possible as below, taking into account that the
surrounding buildings were not affected mostly.
- Soft story: In the ground floor, there are mostly columns except only 2 or 3 infill-brick walls. This might
provide the stiffness of ground floor lower compared to other stories of the building. This means top heavy
as well.
- Strong beam and weak column: According to BNBC 2.12.2.6, another cause for beam column joint failure
could be strong beam and weak column. In the affected building floor of ground floor, the beam size is
250mm x 600mm & column size is 250mm x 500mm.
- Beam column joint with insufficient stirrup placing: This is very important issue. However, similar to most
of the construction sites in this country, we observed lack of stirrup at beam column joint in this building.
May be it could be one of the causes of failure.
- Soil effect: Behind the building, there is pond, and the water level would be relatively high. Filled soils
looked sandy, then some soil effect could be considered. However, it was not clear, because we could not
observe the deeper portion of the foundation.
1B: Class Room: This is a two storied very old building, constructed in 1961. During survey, we found
that re-bar were exposed at some portion of slab & beam. However, local people said that these
deficiencies/problems have existed in the prior period of the incidence of the earthquake.
1C: Office Building: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2001.We didn’t find any
damage there.
1D: Officer Residence: This is a one storied building which was constructed in 2001.We didn’t find any
damage there.
1E: Office Cum School Building: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2001. We
found some small cracks at beam & brick wall joint and one crack found at ground floor column.
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We found some cracks at infill brick wall but local representative said that the cracks were before the
earthquake.
6: Sreemangal Fire Station: This is a two storied (B-type) office cum residence building which was
constructed in 1982. We found a few diagonal cracks in infill brick wall, but no damage found in
structural elements
7: Labor Welfare Division for Tea Industry: This is a three storied building which was constructed in
1962. Who were present at that building told that they heard a loud sound and felt heavy shaking in the
time of the earthquake, but no damage found in the building.
8: Kamalganj Thana bldg.: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2009. We found lots
of cracks (horizontal cracks) and heavy damage in infill brick walls & duct walls. Who were present at
that building they heard a loud sound and felt very severe shaking during the time of the earthquake.
9: Kamalganj Fire Station: This is a two storied (B-type) office cum residence building which was
constructed in 2012. We found lots of diagonal cracks in infill brick walls, as well as cracks and heavy
damage in structural elements around the base of the building. We observed the soil settlement occurred
around the building, but any evidence of liquefaction was found by us. And because of the settlement,
water supply was damaged. Who were present at that building they heard a loud sound and felt heavy
shake in the time of earthquake.
3) Liquefaction
Near Kamalganj Thana building, there were liquefaction traces in the playground, which was filled by
sand and with high water level. According to the information by newspapers liquefied places are something
like above, namely, filled by sand with high water level. This is one of the most likely to liquefy. Instead,
in Sreemangol, we could not find liquefaction traces.
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Appendix
1. Building Damage Assessment
Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Lots of Cracks & heavy damage found in structural elements (Beam & column joint).
Ground floor has only columns and a stair, which might provide soft story effect. Basement looked
relatively sound
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Stone chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Deficiencies were before EQ
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks:
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks:
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Date: 20.02.17
Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare, Office Cum School building.
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Same Cracks found in structural elements (Beam & column).
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Investigation on progress
Remarks:
19
Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Upper storied are under construction. Crack found at slab bottom but local person said this is before earthquake.
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: People said the building inclined a bit, but not so clear.
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Only Cracks found in infill brick wall but local person said this is before earthquake.
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
Usage: 1.Residence 2. Residence w. Shop 3.Office cum residence 4.Shop 5.School 6.Hospital
hold: 2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Only Cracks (Diagonal cracks) found in infill brick wall & no damage found in structural elements.
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Date: 20.02.17
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
hold: 2. No
Photos:
Remarks:
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Date: 20.02.17
Address: Kamalganj
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
hold: 2. No
Photos:
Remarks: Lots of Cracks in infill wall (horizontal cracks) & heavy damage found in duct wall.
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Date: 20.02.17
Address: Kamalganj
Longitude: Latitude:
1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint
Structural type: 4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)
Visual Listen
Visual Listen
Usage: 1.Residence 2. Residence w. Shop 3.Office cum residence 4.Shop 5.School 6.Hospital
hold: 2. No
Photos:
Cracks & heavy damage found in infill wall and structural elements
Remarks: Lots of Cracks & heavy damage found in infill wall and structural elements. Settlement occurred & water supply off after
earthquake.
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5. Reference data (historical earthquakes)
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our great gratitude for PWD and JICA who provided us to have a chance to survey,
and many thanks for related people and local residents, especially for Kamalgonj Policemen.
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