Answers

15_New_Cent_Maths_9_SB_ANS1 Page 573 Thursday, July 17, 2003 4:14 PM
Answers
Chapter 1 3 a 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64
b The sum of the first n odd numbers is n2.
Start up c i 100 ii 225 iii 1600 iv 10 000
1 a 56 b 27 c 4 d8 4 a 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610
e 8 f 16 g 7 h 54 b The pattern begins with 1. Each number that
i 1 j 0 k 15 l 42 follows is the sum of the two preceding
m7 n9 o 30 p 30 numbers.
q8 r 27 s 55 t 24 c i Every 4th number
u 10 v 7 w 15 x 9 ii Every 5th number
2 a −3 b5 c 0 d2 iii Every 6th number
e 10 f −9 g 1 h0 5 a The next three rows of Pascal’s triangle are:
3 a 0 b −8 c −4 d −50 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
e −10 f −17 g −7 h −1 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
4 a b c d 1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
e f g h b Each row begins with one and the numbers in
5 a −12, −7, −5, 0, 3, 8 b −6, −3, −1, 2, 8, 15 each row are obtained from the sum of two
6 a 14, 8, 3, −2, −10, −20 b 4, 3, 0, −2, −4, −5 diagonal numbers in the previous row.
7 a 3 b −5 c 0 1
1 1
Exercise 1-01 1 2 1
1 a i 10, 12, 14
1 3 3 1
ii Beginning with 2, add 2 to find the next term
nu ers
c
rs
each time.
be
lar mb
m
b i 50, 25, 12.5

u
an ral n
ii Beginning with 800, halve the terms to find

tu
gu
the next term each time. 1

na
1 1
tri
c i 81, 243, 729

1 2 1
ii Beginning with 1, multiply the term by 3 to 1 3 3 1
find the next term each time. 1 4 6 4 1
d i 32, 64, 128 1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
ii Beginning with 1, double the term to find the 1 7 21 1 35 35 21 7
next term each time. 1 8 28
70 56 28 8 56
1
e i 65, 55, 44 1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1
ii Beginning with 100 and a difference of 5, 1 11 55 165 330 462 462 330 165 55 11 1
increase the difference between each
d i 8 ii 16 iii 32
successive term by 1.
f i 36, 49, 64 iv 210 = 1024 v 2100
ii Beginning with 1, square each successive 6 a 1 234 321, 123 454 321
number. b i 12 345 654 321 ii 1 234 567 654 321
g i 36, 42, 48 7 a 12, 123, 1234
ii Beginning with 6, add 6 to find the next term b i 12 345 ii 1 234 567
each time. 8 a 99, 198, 297, 396, 495, 594, 693, 792, 891, 990
1 1 1 b 1089, 2178, 3267, 4356, 5445, 6534, 7623,
h i --- , ------ , ------
8 16 32 8712, 9801
ii Beginning with 4, halve the term to find the c 10 989, 21 978, 32 967, 43 956, 54 945,
next term each time. 65 934, 76 923, 87 912, 98 901
2 a 6, 12, 20, 30, 42 d 9, 1089, 110 889, 11 108 889, 1 111 088 889,
b The sum of the first two even numbers is 2 × 3, 111 110 888 889
the sum of the first three even numbers is 9 a 15 b The sum of each row is 15.
3 × 4, the sum of the first four is 4 × 5, … c 15 d 15
c i 110 ii 342 e The sum of each row, each column and each
diagonal is the same.
ANSWERS 573
e (20 − 12) ÷ 4 + 6 = 8
10 a 12 7 8 b 7 6 11 f (12 − 4) ÷ (2 + 6) = 1
5 9 13 12 8 4 Skillbank 1A
2 a 360 b 5700 c 9420 d 86 200
10 11 6 5 10 9 e 320 f 3200 g 18 000 h 16 000
i 3000 j 9600 k 4500 l 400
m 4400 n 6000 o 1500 p 20 000
c 17 12 16 5 q 120 000 r 3500 s 140 000 t 45 000
7 14 10 19 Exercise 1-03
1 a A fall of 5°C b A fall of 13°C
6 15 11 18 c A fall of 1°C d A rise of 7°C
e A gain of 3 f A gain of 3
20 9 13 8 g A loss of 8 h Down 8 floors
i 2 to the left j 13 to the left
The sum of each row, each column and each
2 a B b C, D c A dB e A, C
diagonal is: (5 + 6 + … + 20) ÷ 4 = 50
3 a B b B, C c A, B d B, C e A, B, D
11 a i 1001 ii 1 000 001
b i 999 ii 999 999 4 a 4 b5 c 4 d −9 e −19
c 2002 f −2 g −1 h −2 i −16 j 0
k −11 l 1
12 a 99 b 848 c 44 044
5 a 3 b −2 c −5 d −5 e −7
13 a
f 4 g −5 h −17 i −20 j −19
k −12 l −17 m −19 n −10 o −2
6 a 5 b 12 c 7 d 24 e 18
1 3 6 10 15 21 f 17 g 0 h −4 i −2 j −1
k5 l 2 m4 n3 o −5
b p0 q −6 r −16
7 a −3 b −13 c −2 d0 e −5
f 3 g −3 h −21 i 3 j 3
1 4 9 16 25 k2 l 3 m −3 n −7 o −22
c 35, 51 p −17 q 0 r −2
d 1, 6, 15, 28, 45 8 −27 + 50 + (−35)
9 −6°C
Exercise 1-02 10 a 80° b 76°
1 a 11 b1 c 29 d 21 e 10 11 −8°C
f 2 g 1 h 30 i 10 12 53°C
2 a 2 b 23 c 14 d1 e 1 13 No, subtract 7 from 10 means 10 − 7, which is 3.
f 32 g 10 h 11 i 7
3 a 11 b 30 c 10 d 45 e 13 Exercise 1-04
f 4 g 9 h 17 i 23 j 14 1 a positive b negative c positive d negative
k 1 l 0 m6 n2 o 5 2 a When multiplying two negative integers, the
4 a 28 b 76 c 14 d 53 e 10 answer will be a positive integer. When
f 8 g 17 h 15 i 154 j 120 multiplying two integers of opposite signs, the
k 7 l 0 answer will be a negative integer.
5 a 2 b2 c 3 d3 e 1 b When dividing two negative integers, the
f 2 g 20 h2 i 125 j 7 answer will be a positive integer. When
k 1 l 1 m4 n0 o 1 dividing two integers of opposite signs, the
6 a 4 b9 c 5 d 45 e 1 answer will be a negative integer.
f 2 g 4995 h 0 i 100 j 60 3 a −32 b 84 c −55 d −99 e 81
7 a B bA c C dB e A f 120 g −155 h 72 i 169 j −198
f D 4 a 4 b −3 c 5 d −6
8 a (2 + 7) × 3 = 27 b 15 ÷ (2 + 3) − 3 = 0 e 48 f −9 g −8 h 20
c 6 × 3 − (5 − 2) × 2 = 12 i 13 j −11
d (2 + 3) × 4 − (6 + 12) ÷ 3 = 14
574 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

5 a −18 b 18 c −55 d 108 6 a 1--8- , 5--8- , 7

--- b 2
--- , 4--5- , 5
---
e 49 f −8 g 8 h −12 8 3 6
i 6 j −8 k −3 l −9 c --57- , --34- , 4
--- d --13- , --12- , --47- , 3
---
5 5
m 18 n 1 o −5 p −25
8 5 2
q −4 r 90 s 16 t −40 7 a ------ , ------ , ------
10 10 10
b 3--4- , 2--3- , 3
---
5
u −24 v −2 w 18 x −3
c 5--7- , 2--3- , 5
---
8
d 4--5- , 2--3- , 1--2- , -----
11
5
-
Exercise 1-05 8 b
1 a 3--2- b 19
------ c 8
--- d 47
------ e 31
------ f 19
------ 0 1– 1– 3– 1 1 2
5 3 8 4 8
3 2 4 1 –4
g 19
------
10
h 25
------
2
i 47
------
6
j 32
------
9
k 38
------
7
l 74
------
10
m 100 --------- n 42
------ o 35
------ p 67
------ q 200
--------- r 25
------
3 5 2 7 3 4 Exercise 1-07
25 38 11 17 37 69
s ----- - t ------ u ------ v ------ w ------ x ------ 3 2 1 5 6
6 5 4 3 8 11 1 a ---
5
b ---
3
c ---
3
d ---
6
e ---
7
2 a 3 1--2- b 1 4--5- c 1 5--8- d 2 1--4- e 1 3--7- f 2 1--5- f 1
--- g 5
--- h 9
------ i 3
--- j 3
---
2 9 10 5 4
g 1 6--7- h 15 --12- i 7 1--3- j 8 3--4- k 11
3
6 ----- - l 7 5--6- k 3
--- l 9
------
5 10
m 6 7--9- 1
n 5-----
- o 8 3--7- p 3
2 ----- - q 12 3--5- r 2 -----2
-
10 20 15 2 a 1 1--4- b 1 2--5- c 1 3--5- 12
5
d 1 -----
-
1
e 1 -----
14
-
s 8 2--9- t 9 5--8- u 2 4--5- v 2 4--9- 10

3
w 3 -----
- x 1 11
------
13 f 7
1 ----- - g 1 13
------ h 1 1--2- 3
i 1 -----
- j 1 11
------
15 24 40 40
3 a 14 b 4 c 12 d 36 e 33 f 6 k 1
1 --6- 3
l 1 -----
- m 49
------ n 1 1--6- 1
o 1 -----
-
g 55 h 18 i 15 j 63 k 72 l 48 20 60 18
m 20 n 44 o 15 p 63 q 12 r 32 3 a 2
---
5
b 1
---
4
c − 1--8- d 11
------
30
e − -----
15
2
-
s 63 t 24
f 1
--- g 3
------ h − -----
1
- i 11
------ j 13
------
4 a 3 b 18 c 4 d9 e 4 f 7 3 10 15 20 40
g 6 h 6 i 10 j 9 k6 l 8 1 3 1 51 33
k ---
3
l ------
20
m -----
21
- n ---------
100
o ------
56
m3 n 3 o 11 p 17 q4 r 16
s 12 t 10 4 a 4 2--5- 10
1
b 8 -----
- c 5 11
------
15
d 4 1--4- 15
7
e 4 -----
-
5 a 3
---
4
b − 3--5- c 9
------
11
d 1
---
3
e − -----
11
9
- f − 4--5- f 10 17
------
20 20
7
g 5 -----
-
16
1
h 4 -----
-
25
8
i 9 -----
- j 6 3--4-
g 36
------ h 3
--- i 4
--- j 3
--- k − 2--3- l 1 1--2- 5 a 2 1--5- b 5 1--3- c 3 1--5- 1
d 11 -----
20
2
- e 2 ---
5
49 4 9 8
m 2 4--5- n −5 o 5 p − 3--5- q 3
--- r 1 1--5- 20
7
f 4 -----
- g 6 1--6- h 7
------
10
i 10 5--7- j 1 3--4-
4
1 1
6 Teacher to check. 6 a ---
6
b 3 -----
12
- c 2 1--8- m d 1
------
12
e 4
------
15
7 a 31, 32, 33 or 34 b 10, 11
c 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 or 23
d 25, 26, 27, 28 or 29 Exercise 1-08
e 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 or 55
6 1 1 3 7
f 33, 34 or 35 1 a ------
25
b ---
4
c ------
10
d ---
7
e ------
16
8 a B, D b A, C, D c C dC f 3
------ g 12
------ h 1
--- i 3
--- j 15
------
50 55 2 8 56
e B f A, D
9 a 5 b 8, 9, 10 or 11 c 10, 11 or 12 2 a 2 b 4 4--5- c 4 1--2- d 4 2--3- e 9
d 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 or 62 f 15 g 3 3--4- h5 i 5 3--5- j 20
Exercise 1-06 j 42 l 29 2--5-

1 a F bT c F dF 3 a 48 b 3 3--4- m c $9.50 d 12 kg
2 2 3 3
2 a ---
5
b ---
3
c ---
4
d ---
4 e $59.50 f 12.5 km g $180 h 52.5 kg
1
3 a 3
--- b 7
------ c 9
------ d 5
--- 4 a 1-----
15
- b 9 1--2- c 4 1--4- d 911
------
12 16
1
e 3-----
-
8 12 11 7
5 a b c d = f 28 4--7- g 8 5--6- h 3
--- i 8 1--7- j 3
=
7
e f g h
i j k l = k 713
------
20
l 9-----
10
9
-
m n o = p
5 a 9 b 4 1--8- h = 4 h 7 1--2- min
q r = s t
c $312.50
ANSWERS 575
Exercise 1-09 Exercise 1-12

1 a 4
--- b 5
------ c 1--5- d 1
--- e 3
---
1 a 0.4 b 5.1 c 0.23 d 10.08
3 11 4 2 e 5.2 f 4.4 g 8.76 h 7.04
f − 9--5- g − 2--5- h − 1--8- i − 1--2- j 7
---
3
i 8.126 j 0.014 k − 0.6 l −2.3
m 9.5 n 2.75
k 2
---
3
l 4
------
15
m 3--7- n 5
---
8
o − 2--5-
2 a 4
---
5
b 1 1--5- c 2
---
3
d 1 1--6- e 3
---
5
Skillbank 1B
2 a 117 b 740 c 138 d 140
f 1 2--9- g 1
--- h 5
------ i 1
--- j 10 2--3-
5 16 2 e 174 f 100 g 436 h 109
3 a 8 1--4- b 3 1--3- c 1 11
------ d 48 e 2 13
------ i 200 j 312 k 160 l 700
25 21
m 90 n 2200 o 72 p 1600
f 2 g 4 12
------
25
h 1 34
------
35
i 93
---------
100
j 1 29
------
31 q 2100 r 480 s 132 t 3600
4 a 25 b $1200 c 70
d 84 kg e 16 Exercise 1-13
1 a 11.07 b 38.97 c 26.45
Exercise 1-10 d 42.932 e 28.73 f 11.066
7 7 7 7 g 562.06 h 0.0795 i 31.07
1 a --------- b --------- c ------------ d --------------------
100 100 1000 100 000 2 a 2.8 b 23.3 c 7.75
7 7 7 7 d 6.557 e 263.461 f 8.28
e ------
10
f ------------------------
1 000 000
g ------------
1000
h -----------------
10 000
g 5.624 h 11.7 i 43.092
2 a 2 b3 c 3 d2
3 a 22.481 b 5.8 c 9.49
e 2 f 3 g 6 h1
d 15.427 e 26.211 f −7.829
i 4 j 1 k3 l 4
4 a 19.18 b 24.06 c 5.16
3 a 0.17 b 0.9 c 0.007
d 8.89 e 20.029 f 1.4
d 0.185 e 0.748 f 0.5
g 12.546 h 6.65 i 1.77
g 0.33 h 0.0081 i 0.575
j 23.33
j 0.000 32 k 0.000 605 l 0.048
5 a $24.04 b $26.15 c 2.06 m
m 0.81 n 0.0143 o 0.000 12
d 3.79 s e 67.94 s f 55.75 s
77 9 3 11
4 a ---------
100
b ------
10
c ------------
1000
d -----------------
10 000
g 3.915 L h 0.5 s
13 701 379 3
e ---------
100
f ------------
1000
g --------------------
100 000
h ------
10 Exercise 1-14
i 6
--------- j 7
--------- k 7
------------------------ l 3503
----------------- 1 a 63.5 b 2345.7 c 537.6
100 100 1 000 000 10 000
d 4200 e 53 700 f 7.6
707 3 13
m ----------------
10 000
- n ---------
100
o ---------------------------
10 000 000 g 247 000 000 h 800 i 101.01
5 a 0.7 b 0.08 c 0.023 d 0.561 j 0.72 k 1200 l 35
e 0.625 f 0.8 g 2.75 h 0.28 m 5600 n 37.62 o 90
i 3.5 j 0.425 k 0.55 l 8.75 2 a 1.576 b 4.3786 c 5.6327
m 0.195 n 0.54 o 0.925 p 2.375 d 0.0287 e 0.000 312 f 0.000 007 85
g 0.0007 h 0.000 314 2 i 0.143 65
Exercise 1-11 j 0.0035 k 64.5 l 0.0005
1 a T bF c F dT m 0.6005 n 0.0007 o 0.756
e T f T g T hT
i F j T kT l F Exercise 1-15
3 a 0.7, 0.707, 0.77 b 3.0677, 3.6, 3.601, 3.6 1 a 21.5 b 3.12 c 0.1365
4 a 3.003, 0.33, 0.303, 0.0333 d 46.8 e 0.45 f 0.0022
b 0.76, 6.1, 6.3, 6.31 g 1.738 h 2.175 i 0.16
c 0.077 2 a 8.1 b 7.53 c 0.953
5 a Dat b i 60.61 s ii 59.95 s d 0.96 e 1.25 f 169.25
c 6.0 and 8.5 g 3672 h 0.73 i 333.4
d i 9.98 s ii 10.32 s 3 a 0.011 52 b 0.572 c 310
iii Between 10.07 s and 10.13 s d 510.5 e 0.125 f 0.85
6 Thuy g −1.5 h 21.3 i 42
7 a Rodrigo b Anand c Yes d No 4 a $18.19 b 0.83 s, 11.54 s
e i Anand, Alex, Jamie, Byron, Rodrigo c $7.455 d 10.5 e 10 years
ii Rodrigo, Alex, Anand, Jamie, Byron f 0.0434 mm

5 a $63.60 b $75.15 c $8.70 h 10 + 5 × 10 = 60

d 32 hours e D i 100 × 9 + 100 × 7 = 1600
6 a C bB c A dD j 30 + 60
------------------
25 – 10
=6
Exercise 1-16 k 82 = 64 l 52 ÷ 25 = 1
1 a 67.7 b 5.1 c 13.8 d 8.2 3 a B bC c A dB e D
e 0.4 f 1.0 g 164.1 h 84.9 4 a A bC c D dB
i 34.0 j 1.0 k 8.2 l 30.0
2 a 15.67 b 31.16 c 0.94 d 18.18 Exercise 1-19
. . . .
e 200.00 f 31.00 g 0.99 h 1.00 1 a 0.625 b 0.428 571 c 0.7 d 0.83
. .
3 a 84 b 17 c 1 d 0 e 1.2 f 6.8 g 0.416 h 4.3
. ..
e 1 f 2 g 19 h 13 i 0.03 j 0.26 k 0.45 l 0.35
5 a 39.06 b 100.5 c 7.378 d 0.0 1 7 1 9
2 a --- b ------ c --- d ------
e 0.05 f 15 g 246 h 2.2 5 10 4 20
i 43.000 12 1 1 61
e ------
25
f ---------
200
g ------
40
h ---------
200
6 a 13.2 b 1.2322 c 33.02 33
i ------ j 2 4--5- k 9
1 ----- - l 1
3 ----- -
d 0.066 e 3.9210 f 35.7 40 20 20
13 21
g 1.304 h 1.22 i 3.0 m 2 --------
200
- n -------------------
100 000
o 4 5--8- 1
p 10 --------
100
-
j 11 k 13.7571 l 4.6
11 5 9
m 1322.222 n 1.23 3 a ------
20
b ---
8
c 0.69 d 0.2 e ------
25
f 0.8
7 6 7
4 a ------ , --- , 0.678, 0.68, ------
Exercise 1-17 11 9 10
1 a 38 b 9000 c 68.4 b 0.34, --13- , 13 8

------ , ------ ,
40 25
0.305
d 3 e 16.0 f 64 000
g 1 800 000 h 389 800 i 200 000 Exercise 1-20
2 a 0.06 b 0.70 c 0.85 2 2 7 7
1 a --- b --- c ------ d ------
d 0.000 02 e 0.0876 f 0.039 9 3 45 18
g 0.800 h 0.000 040 00 i 1 e 163
--------- f 65
------ g 31
------ h 103
---------
225 99 99 165
3 a 3 b2 c 2 d5
17 832 1 25
e 1 f 1 g 3 h5 i --------- j --------- k ------ l ------
111 999 30 33
i 3 j 2 k3 l 6
4 4 7
4 a 7.5 b 5710 c 400 d 0.007 660 m -----
45
- n ------
33
o ---------
900
e 0.507 f 11 000 g 1860 h 0.0008 1 2
2 a --- b ---
i 60 000 000 3 3
5 a $28 000 000, two significant figures.
b $30 000 000, one significant figure. Power plus
6 a 5 b 14 400 c 4 100 000 1 a 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987,
7 a 180 b −5 c 6.16 d −4.176 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765
e 3.8627 f 0.179 g 0.74 092 h 0.7435 b i Every 7th number ii Every 8th number
i 660 j 0.06 iii Every 9th number iv Every 10th number
8 a 5000 b 5000 c 5000 d 5002 c i 0 ii 0 iii 0
d i A square number.
Exercise 1-18 ii A cubic number.
2 3 and 5; 5 and 7; 11 and 13; 17 and 19; 29 and
1 a 20 + 30 = 50 b 200 + 100 = 300
31; 41 and 43; 59 and 61; 71 and 73.
c 50 − 20 = 30 d 760 − 20 = 740
e 930 − 130 = 800 f 6 × 20 = 120 3 a 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7
g 50 × 8 = 400 h 80 × 10 = 800 4 a −4 b −3 c 12
i 90 ÷ 9 = 10 j 750 ÷ 5 = 150 d −7 e 15 f −8
k 20 ÷ 10 = 2 l 900 ÷ 90 = 10 g −3 h8 i −5
6 × 10 5 a
2 a ---------------
2
= 30 b 700 000 ÷ 2 = 350 000
c 40 ÷ 20 = 2 d 800 ÷ 40 × 4 = 80 0 1– 1– 3– 1
3 2 4
( 300 – 100 )
e 100 = 10 f -----------------------------
50
=4
b 1--2- , 2--3- , 3
--- c 2--3- , 3--5- , 4
---
g (100 + 150) ÷ 50 = 5 4 7
ANSWERS 577
d
−1 -2
–– 0 1
–
1
– 1
5 4 2
6 a 5
------ b 19
------ c 31
------
19 a 16.8 b 10.2 c 0.14
12 30 40 d 5.01 e 1.868 f 63.04
7 A = 3--8- , B = 12
5
------ , C = 11
------
24
20 a 6.8 b 6.45 c 1.03 s
8 a $161.65, $161.65, $161.70 d 2.76 m e $8.57
b i 1.333 L 21 C
ii Three decimal places or more, because 22 a 45.9 b 3.693 c 2.00
measuring cups do not have a 1 mL scale. 23 a 3.43 b 58.3 c 2.821 d 32.2653
c $8.80 or $8.85 24 a i 1 640 000 ii 0.092 iii 5
d $122.40, however most councils will set b i No ii 39 700
three instalments of $122 and one at $123.59. 25 a 25 + 12 = 37 b 80 × 10 = 800
9 a 4
---
9
b 89
---------
100
c − -----
72
1
- d 7
------
24
e − 5--9- 1
f 3 -----
12
- c 200 ÷ 20 = 10 d 60 + 40
------------------ = 20
5
10 a 1
------ b 1 --13- 25
c 1 -----
- e = 16
42 f 40 + 5 × 8 = 80
45 99 . ..
26 a i 0.6 ii 0.63. iii 0.15
iv 0.125 v 0.26
Chapter 1 review 3 1
1 a 23 b1 c 10 d5 e 14 f 27 b ------
20
and ---
8
are terminating
g 3 h 60 i 1 1
27 a 3 -----
- b 27
------ c 7
--- d 9
------
40 50 8 40
2 B, D
3
3 B e ---------
200
f 1 73 ------
80
g 79
---------
100
h 2 17 ------
20
4 a 4 b −13 c −19 d2 e 13 f 0 28 a 8
--- b 3
------ c 1
--- d 35
---------
5 − 6°C 9 11 6 111
6 a −6 b 16 c 27 d9 e 16 f −6
7 a 5
------ = 15
------ = 1
--- b 29, 30 or 31
10 30
c 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 or 32
2
Chapter 2
d 6, 7 or 8
8 8
------
Start up
11 1 A, B
d 3x + 2x2
5 3 4 3 2
9 a ---
8
b ---
5
c --- , --- , ---
7 5 3
2 a 5a b 5k c 3ab
d i T ii F iii T 3 a 28d b 40y c 6ah d 20x2
10 a 3 3--4- b 2 1--6- c 3 11
------ d 1 5--6- 4 a 3a b9 c 3b d 2y
24
5 a 6 b7 c 4 d 20
1 1 1 2
11 a ---
2
b 1 -----
11
- c ------
12
d 1 -----
15
- e 6 f 5 13
------
20 6 a 1, 2, 3, 6 b 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
g 2 1--4- 1
h 3 -----
- i 4 11 ------ c 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
15 20
3 9 7 a 8 b 54
12 a ------
16
b ------
16
c 4 1--5- d2 10
9
e $60 f 24 -----
-
g $82 h 15
------
7
i 1 -----
-
1
j 1 -----
-
9
k 4 -----
- l 4 1--6- 4 2 6 9
32 20 12 10
13 a 2 2--5- b9 c 5
------
12
d 1 1--4- e 7
------
12
2 2 2 3 2 3 3
2 5 8=2×2×2 54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
f 2 -----
- g 1 -----
- h 3 1--5- i 31
------
15 16 56 8 a 4 b9 c 3
14 a i 0.17 ii 0.003 iii 0.093 11 1 3
iv 0.71 v 0.609 9 a ------
15
b ------
12
c ------
16
d 1 --15-
51 1 1 1 161 1 3 16 7
b i ---------
100
ii ------
20
iii ---
8
iv ------
25
v ---------
200
e --- f --- g ------ h 1 -----
-
2 8 35 40
15 3.001, 0.31, 0.299, 0.0301
16 a 7.8 b 3.44 Exercise 2-01
17 a 11.4 b 12.2 c 18.98 1 a i
d 11.56 e 42.35 f 42.71
18 a 7000 b 2.53 c 9
d 50.6 e 4.76 f 0.000 71 ii Add 4 to find the next term.
g 2460 h 0.093 i 0.63

b i m i 16, −32, 64, −128

ii Beginning with 1, multiply each term by −2
to find the next term.
ii Add 4 to find the next term. n i 8, 4, 2, 1
c i ii Beginning with 64, halve each term to find
the next term.
ii Add 3 to find the next term. o i 50, 98, 194, 386
d i ii Beginning with 5 and a difference of 3,
double the difference between each
successive term.
3 a T 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 2T + 1
ii Add 6 to find the next term.
e i N 3 5 7 9 11
4 a P 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 6P − 1
N 5 11 17 23 29
ii Add 4 to find the next term. 5 a S 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 4S + 1
f i
N 5 9 13 17 21
ii Add 2 to find the next term. 6 a T 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 2T + 2

2 a i 7, 9, 11, 13 N 4 6 8 10 12
ii Beginning with 1, add 2 to find the next
7 a T 1 2 3 4 5 b N=T+2
term.
b i 14, 18, 22, 26 N 3 4 5 6 7
ii Beginning with 2, add 4 to find the next
8 a T 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 4T + 2
term.
c i 54, 52, 50, 48 N 6 10 14 18 22
ii Beginning with 60, subtract 2 to find the next
9 a C 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 5C + 4
term.
d i 20, 25, 30, 35 N 9 14 19 24 29
ii Beginning with 5, add 5 to find the next 10 a S 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 6S − 2
term.
e i 85, 80, 75, 70 N 4 10 16 22 28
ii Beginning with 100, subtract 5 to find the 11 a S 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 3S + 5
next term.
f i 8, 4, 0, −4 N 8 11 14 17 20
ii Beginning with 20, subtract 4 to find the next 12 a i 8, 10, 12 ii p = 2n
term. b i 12, 11, 10 ii p = 16 − n
g i 24, 31, 38, 45 c i 13, 16, 19 ii p = 3n + 1
ii Beginning with 3, add 7 to find the next d i 9, 11, 13 ii p = 2n + 1
term. e i 16, 20, 24 ii p = 4n
h i 16, 32, 64, 128 f i 14, 15, 16 ii p = n + 10
ii Beginning with 1, double each term to find g i 19, 24, 29 ii p = 5n − 1
the next term. h i 14, 17, 20 ii p = 3n + 2
i i 256, 1024, 4096, 16 384 i i −2, −1, 0 ii p=n−6
ii Beginning with 4, multiply each term by 4 to j i 16, 25, 36 ii p = n2
find the next term. k i 20, 25, 30 ii p = 5n
j i 25, 36, 49, 64 l i 256, 1024, 4096 ii p = 4n
ii Beginning with 1, square each successive m i 44, 42, 40 ii p = 52 − 2n
number. n i 7, 9, 11 ii p = 2n − 1
k i −2, −1, 0, 1 o i 15, 24, 35 ii p = n2 − 1
ii Beginning with −5, add 1 to find the next p i 17, 20, 23 ii p = 3n + 5
term. 13 a i 49 ii 36 iii 25 iv 16
l i 5, 8, 7, 10 v 9 vi 4 vii 1
ii Alternately add 3, subtract 1. b 204
c 285
ANSWERS 579
14 a i 1 ii 3 iii 6 iv 10 b i n + 2, n + 4, n + 6 ii n + 2 × 10 = n + 20
v 66 vi 435 iii n + 2m
b N × (N − 1) ÷ 2 19 a 7, 8, 9, 10 b 101, 102, 103, 104
c −9, −8, −7, −6 d g, g + 1, g + 2, g + 3
Exercise 2-02 e p, p + 1, p + 2, p + 3, p + 4
1 a + b − c + d × e ÷ f − f 2k + 3, 2k + 4, 2k + 5, 2k + 6
g × h − i + j ÷ k× l ÷ 20 a 10, 12, 14, 16 b −12, −10, −8, −6
m− n × o − p − c x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6
2 a xii b xiii c ii d xvi e viii f ix d w + 1, w + 3, w + 5, w + 7
g iv h vi i xiv j vii kv l xvii 21 a 7, 9, 11, 13 b −1, 1, 3, 5
m xv n i o x p xi q iii c y + 3, y + 5, y + 7, y + 9
3 a n+2 b n+7 c n + 15 22 (a + x + m + p + v + w) ÷ 6 or a+x+m+p+v+w
-------------------------------------------------------
6
d n+3 e 8+n f n − 10
g 8−n h n − 10 i n−8 Exercise 2-03
j n − 20 k 10n l 6n
n 1 a 8y b 4m c 10k d 7t
m 9n n 2n o ---
5 e −2g f 5p 2 g −4a h0
p 20.
-------
n
q n2 r 10 − n i 4n j 8e k 11ab l 5xy
4 a 7 × 3 = 21 b 7 × a = 7a m0 n 11c2d o 2abc p 6uv
c 10D d Ka 2 a 11g b 12k c 9d + 3 d 9y + 3m
5 a x+5 b m−3 c 4k e 2g + 8t f 2p − 3 g 6p + 3 h −2w − 4p
i −2a + 3m j −10x + 4p k −8 + 4m l 5c − 8
d 24 ÷ w or 24
------ e 7+d f hk
w 3 a 6m + 10 b y + 3g c p + 7h
g 9g − 4y h 5l ÷ 4 or 5l
-----
4
i 3d − 2w d 15 + k e −10p + 2 f 15y − 9k
j k2 k -rt l 2q − 7p g 6t − 7y h 11 − 7n i −2a − f
j 11 + 11w k 8e − 5t l −ab − 4q
m −a − 24 n 1
--- d + 5 or d
--- +5 o 17g
---------
2 2 3 m 9c2 − 6c n 2x2 − 5x3 o −2m + ab
p 3n − 7 q 2n + 4 r −b + 13 or 13 − b
5 a 2a b 7m2 + 2m c −6k
6 a 2a + 2b b s × s = s2 d 2u e −5d2 + 3d f 3m + 3t
7 a 3t + 5 b 7w − 4 c k
--- +8 d 4n
------ + 10 g 13k + 2y h 13 − 3r i −14b − 3u
5 3
j 5e + 12 k 8w l 9t − 4g
8 a 5 more than m b The product of 5 and k
c w less than 7 d One-third of g m 7y2 − 20 n 8mn o 4−f
e 3 more than twice p p 4 − 11f q 4ab − 2b + 5a r −1 − 12l
f The product of 3 and x less than 4 s 6 t −4n + 2 u 8p3 + 8p
g One-quarter of y more than 5 6 a 4m + 6p b 16d c 4x + 5y
h 7 less than negative t d 6p + 3 e 90h f 18c + 12a
9 P = x − 450 7 a 2m b 8n c 6m + 16n
8 a u + 4t b 2u + 3t c 10u + 14t
10 a i T = 4t + 15 ii T = 4t + 15
------------------
60
b i T = Wt + 15 ii T = Wt + 15
--------------------
60 Skillbank 2A
11 h° = 180° − (a° + b°) 2 a 783 b 4455 c 1045 d 5555
12 a 16 + 5 = 21 b 16 + w e 684 f 1592 g 204 h 1372
13 a 17 − 8 = 9 b 17 − k i 264 j 224 k 693 l 4590
14 a a(b − 5) b 3(5 + y) m 781 n 288 o 3939
c m–n
d (d − 2)2
-------------
5 Exercise 2-04
e (3 − x)(3 + x) f a+b
------------
m
1 a 15p b 18x c 24m d 8hy
y q e 6yq f 10y2 g −12w h −8dn
15 a 60H b --------- c 1000W d ------
100 60 i −24p2 j 24ab k −60kxy l 30r2
e T
------
24
f 1000R g g
------------
1000
m 24c2f n −36t2 o 12hk2 p 8c2e2
16 a 14, 16, 18 b 17, 15, 13 q 6a2d2 r −15m3n2
17 a m + 3; odd b m + 4, m + 6 2 a 3y b 15 c 4 d 3k
18 a i n + 1, n + 3 ii n + 2 × 7 − 1 = n + 13 e 3y f 6n g −4a h 5a
iii n + 2 × m − 1 = n + 2m − 1 i a j 2x k 5m l 7c

m 4w n a
--- o x
--- p b
---
4 a −4 − 3m b −5x − 2 c −3f − 5
3 2 3 d −8 − y e −1 − p f −6n + 1
x b
q ------
2y
r ---
5
g −1 + 2a h −1 + e i −10 + 5q
j −3 + 4p k −3 − 2d l 1 + 2a
4 a −12ut b 5d c 8xy d 15h
1
5 a 14m + 15 b 13y + 4 c 7 − 8d
e 4p f 8e2 g k h ---
4 d 10k + 15 e 3 − 9y f 4m + 14n
i −3h j −12mr k 6e2f 2 l 30gh2 g −6 − 3x h 43 − 10d i 24p − 4
m 2
------- n 5k o pq2r2t p 5wp j −w − 8 k 8t + 26 l 11v + 37
3w
x 4a
m 11k − 8 n 2 + 13a o 5−m
q 12c3w r ---
2
s ------
c
t 9g p 18 − 16h q 6m + 12 r 26 − 7d
u 2g
------ v 5bc w 3x2 x − --2f- s 16 + e t 14c + 23 u −1 − 10w
3
v 14f − 22 w 2 + 16k x 6 − 43t
5 a 10a b bcd
---------
2a
c 5n
------
6
d −2h 6 a 7p2 + 23p b 7x2 − 9x c 11y2 + 7y
e −7w f 14 g 13t h 11s d 8m + 13m e 3w
2 2 f 3r2 − 6r
i −2x2 j 5 k −23d l 9c g 2q + 13q h 4v + 23v i 2a2 + 13a
2 2
m 9h
------ n 4g2 o −17r p 6ab j 18t − 3t2 k −m2 − 7m l −11e2
4
q 2n m 26d − 18 n 1 + 9h o 4r − 14r2 + 4
6 a 6ad b 25m2 c 5hk p 2k − 6k − 5 q 7f + 10f
2 2 r 19b − 12b2 − 8
d 12py e 3a2 f 10ck 7 a 5w + 5 b 6k − 8 c −3r + 4
7 a 8m3 b 60dty c 12kw2 d 3 − 6m e 5h − 6 f −x + 3x2
g 5 − 4s h −1 + 7e i 9q − 1
Exercise 2-05 j −5e + 24 k 9 − 6b l 10d − 10e
1 a 5 b8 c 13 d 23 m −2 + 2y n 14g + 2 o t 2 + 2ht + h2
2 a 9 b 49 c 100 d 400 p 13y − 7 q 4 + 8m r 2xy − 2y2
3 a 13 b7 c 0 d 33 8 a 2k − 1 b 2n − 8 c D = 11d + 7
d i P = 7.05n − 0.7 ii $1409.30
4 a 17 b 11 c 5 d2
e i 70N − 500 ii $200
5 a 8 b 10 c 14 d 22
6 a 8 b 23 c 13 d 30
7 a 3 b5 c 11 d 13
Skillbank 2B
2 a 5600 b 11 700 c 390 d 7700
8 a 7 b 13 c 31 d 151
e 6400 f 35 200 g 1300 h 9300
10 a 8 b 26 c 24 d 26 e 9 f 30 i 7930 j 87 000 k 630 l 82 000
11 a 4 b5 c −15 d −5 4 a 630 b 3900 c 16 000 d 3800
e −17 f −1 g 0 h2 e 1570 f 2700 g 68 000 h 840
i 1 j 20 k 21 l −1 i 37 800 j 73 000 k 56 000 l 9370
12 a −9 b 28 c 26 d 3 e 30 f 1
13 a 15 b − 64 c −3 d −11 Exercise 2-07
e 128 f − 40 g 15 h −15
1 a 6y b 6a c 5 d 3
i 121 j −1 1--5- k −20 l 2 e m f 24c g 3pr h 8w
14 a 14.4 b 91 c 90 d 31.5 e 20.16 i 9mn3 j 4e k 15ab l 4
2 a 3 b 6x + y c 10 d h, 8
Exercise 2-06 e p − 2q f c − 2y + 3a g 3m
1 a 5t − 15 b 4 − 12b c 12k + 20 h 5a − 4 i 2xy, 3y − 4 j 2d (2d + 3)
d 2d + 2e e mn + mp f 5 − 10x 3 a 3(3m + 4) b 3(t + 2) c 4(w − 3)
g 2c2 + cd h 32 − 28f i 3k2 − 6kw d 6(k − 4) e 5(4c + 3) f 9(k − 3)
j a2 − 3a k 14p − 21m l 12n2 + 20ny g 8(2 − 3w) h 6(2e + 3) i 5(3 + 4p)
m 4t − 16 n 2as + s o 24 − 18b j 2(5 + 6t) k 6(4y − 5) l 2(q − 11)
m 9(2g + 3) n 8(2w − 1) o 3(3v + 11)
p 2x − 6x2 q 10h2 − 15h r 3w2 − 8w
p 9(4 − 3m)
3 a −3s − 6 b −25f − 15 c −4m − 2c
5 a h(k − 1) b y(w + 1) c m(n − 3)
d −12d − 20e e −2w2 + 5w f −35 + 7a d p(6 + r) e a(b + c) f 4(a + 3b)
g −21b + 14q h −2d2 − 3d i −4r2 + 20ry g x(x + 1) h 5(1 − q) i 6(2y + 3x)
j −9 + 15m k −2p2 − p3 l −6v + 14nv − 6rv j y(2 + y) k d(d + 8) l 3e(e + 2)
m −4h + 12h2 n −2t + 9t2 o 35 + 5c m 2m(6m − 5) n a(a + c) o 5n(n − 4)
p −3a2 − 7a q −8x2 + 4x r −2y2 + y − 3my
ANSWERS 581
p g(7 + 9g) q 2k(2k − 3) r a(b2 − c) i 15

------ = 7 1--2- j h2
----2- k 12 l −11
--------- = −1 3--8-
s 4c (2c − 3) t 5m(4 − 5m)
2 2 k 8
m 5u------ n6 o x
6 a 4x(4x − 3y) b 2pr(4p + 3) c 4m(mh2 − 1) 9
d 7k(2h + 3y) e 7v(4w − 3v) f 6ab(3c + 4) 3 a p6
--- b 12
------ c 3
--------- d 2s
------
35 20 y 35
g 2mn(2n − 3) h 2r(4t − 9r) i 3y(3a2 + 5y)
e 5-----zx- f c
------ g 25b
--------- h 4t
------
j 2wy(10 + 9y) k 15(1 − 2b2) l 4xh(2w + x) 3b 3 27
50 p 2 t
m 3(3e + 4 + 2e2) n 3h(5k − h + 3) --- =
2 5
i ----- - j -------------- k 1 1--4- l 1
---------
3n 7 4 6h 2
o 3(3ef − 4 + 2f 2) 2
t 2 yh 3a f 2 9km
7 a −9 br c +3 d −7, 3z m ----
-
2
n ---------
9
o -------------
25
p -----------
4
k
e g−4 f l + 2m g ac, 3a h −4d
8 a −4(p + 2) b −9(k − 3) c −3(g − 2) Power plus
d −6(3w − 2) e −2(3x − 2) f −4(3m + 4) 1 a i 15, 21, 28, 36
g −5(4e + 3) h −3(6n + 7) i −x(x + 7) ii Beginning with 1 and a difference of 1, the
j −8(w2 + 3h) k −a(p − q) l −8x(3y − 2) difference between successive terms
m −3a(a + 2b) n −2t(3t − 5) o −2e(10e + 11) increases by 1
p −3m(3 − m) b i 55, 91, 140, 204
9 a d(d + h) b 2p(p − 10) c −4(y + 4) ii Beginning with 1, the differences are the
d t(r − 1) e −4kt(4kt − 1) f −10a(b − 2) square numbers, 4, 9 …
g −3(3 + w) h --12- (p + q) i 1
--- x(x
4
− y) 2 3r
j 1
--- k(3
4
− t) k −3xy(3y − 4) l −6m(4m − 1) 3 a 40m + 50n b 40m + 50n
---------------------------
100
= 4m + 5n
---------------------
10
10 a 4(2a + 3y + 1) b 5(4xy − 2x2 + 5y) 15r – 2
4 ------------------
c tm(t + m + 1) d (a + 6)(5 + h) 6
e (m + 2)(7y − p) f (a + b)(c − d) 5 w + 5y
g −10p(p + q) 6 8m − 3n
h −(d + 3)(w − 4) or (d + 3)(4 − w) 7 5a − 5b
i −5g(u + 3)(1 + 2g) j 5a(x − y)(1 + 2y) 8 a k + 5, k − 5 b 4k + 10, 4k − 10
k −y(3a + y − 4y2) l −(k + 2)(1 + 7m) 9 5t km/h
10 7p
Exercise 2-08 11 a 2b
3w 11k m −x 9 b Possible answers include 4a, 5b; 20a, b;
1 a -------
4
b ---------
8
c ----
2
d ------
3
e ---
q
1 3r 10ab, 2; 5, 4ab
f --- g ------ h 3--c- i 4t +s
-------------- j y
---
d
1
w
10 p+3 u
3 h
1
12 a 26 b 225 c 45 d −3 3--4-
k ---
a
l ------------
e+1
m ------------
z
- n ----- 4g
- o ------
3f
e 5a 2 4 −2 e − 1--3- f 34 g 16 h 13
p ---
2
q ------
3
r --d- s --k- t ------
a
10 7 15 – 3r
7x 4s −2h −5m 13 a ------------ b ------ c ------------------ d 20y
3 a ------
12
b ----- 21
- c ----------
15
d ------------
14
e+1 6v 20
9m
9w 33t 11 p 5r e ------- f 18w
e -------
20
f --------
20
g ----------
15
h ------
6
4
13c 3d – 2r 9h + 10a 25 + 24w

i --------- j ------------------- k ----------------------- l -----------------------
10 6 15 30 Chapter 2 review
m 21 + 8a
-------------------
28
n 3a + 2b
--------------------
6
o 5e
------
24
p 6k – 10m
-----------------------
15
1 a i
Exercise 2-09 ii Add 4 to the previous term.

w st 5 12
b i
1 a ----
6
b ------
20
c ---------
2hk
d -------
mn
5l 2 6 ac
e ------ f -------- g ----2- h ------ ii Add 4 to the previous term.
3f 3v 2 x bd
i 2--3- j d2
------ k d
--- l 12
--------
2 a i 38, 34, 30, 26
36 g 5k 2 ii Beginning with 50, subtract 4 to find each
3u 2
m -----5
- n1 o ------
3d
new term.
b i 17, 33, 65, 129
2 a 5--2- = 2 1--2- b m
------ c 4 d q
---
2n 3 ii Beginning with 2 and a difference of 1, the
e 3d
------
10
f 20
------
27
g 3
---
5
h 9
---
b
difference is then doubled between
successive terms.

3 a i 17, 16, 15 ii p = 21 − n 2 a $39.48 b $4.95 c $5.25 d $151.84

b i 24, 30, 36 ii p = 6n 3 7 4 2
3 a --- b ------ c --- d ---
c i 50, 72, 98 ii p = 2n2 4 20 5 5
4 a h+k b m−8 c 6w d 5
--- e 1 --14- f 4
---
5
g 1 --15- h 3
---
4
x
e t−k f n − 5y g ab + 6 h p2 − qr 4 a 15.08 b 36 c 0.6
d 27.4 e 0.380 f 61.75
i ---w5- − 8 j 24k
5 a 50% b 30% c 33% d 40% e 60%
T f 137% g 7% h 76% i 125% j 35.5%
5 a 100m b ------------
1000
c 24P d 100K
3
6 a 4x b −3km c 11ky 6 a ---
5
b 1 1--5- c 9
------
10
d 1
------
50
e 1
---
4
d 2p + 2d e 6w − 5 f 3x2 − 13x f 7
------ g 99
--------- h 17
--------- i 2 2--5- j 4
g 7m + 10 h 3w + 4f i 5d + 9 20 100 200
7 a 0.7. b 0.06 c 0.18 d 1.3 e 1.5
j −2y2 + 3 − y k 10 + 3p l 2xy − 7
f 0.3 g 0.55 h 0.8 i 0.025 j 3.1
m 10y2 − 6y n −a2b + 5ab − 2b
8 a 7.5 b6 c 16 d 40 e 35 f 28
o −2t 2 − 8k
7 a 18y b 30k c 3ad d −6r
e 15xw f 8xy2 g 6a h3
Exercise 3-01
1 a 60c b 83c c 76c d 70c
2y 3a
i 4p j ------
3
k 2d l ------
4d e 68c f $6.48 g $10.25 h $24.25
m 3b2 n 2t − 15tr o − 5k
------ p 6y i $17.65 j $32.19 k $24.00 l $48.51
m m $54.09 n $8.84 o $0.75 p $10.24
8 a 5 b6 c 19 d 11 e 12 2 a $2.35 b 85c c $10.30 d 50c
f 9 g 5 h 11 i 18 j 3 e $1.00 f $1.75 g $34.80 h $5.80
9 a 7 b −17 c 200 d 14 i 45c j $7.40 k $46.15 l $36.10
e 96 f 3 g −20 h −9 m $23.05 n 20c o 55c p $1.35
10 a 96 b 4x + 7 3 a $29.25 b $0.75
c AB = 32, BC = 29, AC = 35 c $260.66, $260.67, $260.67
11 a 7 b 27 c 12 d 63 d $2.67 e $2.39
12 a 15t − 20 b 7 + 21x c −8 − 10k f $62.92, $62.93, $62.93
d −3 + 6y e 12p2 − 4p f −8m + 6m2 g $7.19 h $5.10
g −4 + 9w h −3 − 2n i −5a2 + 15at i i $46.02 ii $49.87 iii $3.85
13 a 11y + 4 b 12 − 12p c 3g + 3 4 a $3.15 b $7.85 c $43.65
d 30m − 14 e 35 − 12v f 20q + 19 d $15.85
g 7 + 10y h 13r2 + 5r i 12d − 23 e i $5.90 ii $14.10
j −m + 7m
2 k 2a2 + 2ab − 4b2 l 17e − 18e2 f $26.30 g $11.60 h $10.45
m 17h − 13 n 2kx i i $8.35 ii $11.65
14 a 2(m − 4) b x(y − w) c −3(g + 9) 5 a $46.82 b $53.20
d 4(3x + 2 − 4a) e 4w(w − 3) f k(5 + hk) 6 a $26.95 b $13.05
7 a $59.75 b $10.25
15 a 5h
------
6
b k
---
2
c 2
----
m
d − 3w
-------
20
−3
e 5k
------
6
f ------
2d
g dk – 15
------------------
5k
h 5
--------------
m+1
Exercise 3-02
16 a 20
------ b 3h
-----2- c 21
------ d 1 1--4- 1 a $50 − $40 = $10 b $70 + $10 = $80
mt k d c $85 − $75 = $10 d $20 + $40 + $30 = $90
e 2 1--2- f 1 g 2d
------ h p
--- e $100 − $45 = $55 f $50 − $15 − $5 = $30
5 3
10a g $50 − ($15 × 2) = $20
i --------- j 1 7--9- k c
--------
- j y
------
3 a2 b 3a h $20 − ($2 + $8 + $1) = $9
i $400 + $40 × 3 = $520
j $100 − $40 − $20 = $40
2 a $4.50 b $400 c $36
Chapter 3 d $9 e $15 f $640
3 a $20 b $0.50 c $100 d $4
Start up e $3 f $10
1 a $0.15 b $70 c $1.50 d $9.17 4 a $1 × 3 × 50 = $150 b $2.50 × 4 × 52 = $520
e $84.63 f $0.08 g $0.83 h $150.84 c $30 × 15 + $10 × 15 + $4 × 15 = $660
d $44 (Actual answer: $43.69)
ANSWERS 583

1 a $48 b $65.60 c $14.25 d $31.75 1 a 9
--------- b 7
------ c 18
------ d 19
------ e 2
------
e $76.86 f $74.40 g $52.50 h $5.67 100 20 25 20 25
2 3 4 1 9
2 a $6.55 b $27.35 c $45.15 d $41.35 f ---
5
g ---
4
h ---
5
i ---
2
j ------
50
e $9.25 f $10.65 g $141.05 h $10.80 k 1 1--5- l 3 1--4- 1
m 1 -----
20
- n 1 2--5- o 4
3 a $162 p 12
------ q 1 11 ------ r 6 3--4- s 1 1--2- t 2
b i 12 252 ii 10 210 25 20
1 1 1 17 21
c 825 d $506 e $64.50 2 a ---
8
b ------
40
c -----
12
- d ---------
400
e ---------
200
3 11 1 11 1 3
f i --- ii $111 f ------
80
g ---
3
h --------
200
- i ---
6
j ---
8
5
g $20.90 h $9.78 i $92 j $87.50 2 1 1 3 5
k ---
3
l ---------
200
m -----
15
- n ---------
200
o ------
12
4 a 4.8 m 3 a 0.55 b 1.33 c 0.46 d 0.05
9
b i $37.60 ii ------
40
iii $169.20 e 0.024 f 2 g 0.095 h 0.0525
i 0.12 . j 0.003 k 0.125 l 0.2525
c 18 d $312.50 e $825 f $56.65
m 0.083 n 0.109 o 3.5
g 16 h 45 i 165

1 a 7% b 37.5% c 40% d 45%
1 3 2 3 2
1 a ---
3
b ------
10
c ---
5
d ---
4
e ---
5 e 150% f 75% g 250% h 85%
..
2 1 1 1 3 i 63.63% j 32% k 20% l 30%
f --- g ------ h --- i --- j ------
3 15 5 4 20 m 34% n 55%. o 125%
. p 260%
3 1
k ------
20
l ---
5
m 2--5- n 1
---
2
o 3
---
5
q 400% r 233.3% s 66.6% t 62.5%
11
u 190%
. v 48% w 95% x 25%
p ------
12 y 55.5%
1 1 1 1 1 3 a 50% b 186% c 35%
2 a --- b --- c --- d --- e ---
8 5 4 5 8 d 170% e 0.8% f 239%
1 4 1 3 g 20% h 25% i 62.5%
f ------
16
g ------
25
h ---
5
i ---
8
1 1 1 3 1
j 31.55% k 1.6% l 5%
3 a ---
4
b ------
12
c ------
10
d ------
10
e ---
8 m 100.7% n 395% o 70%
f 3
------ g 1
--- h 1--5- i 1
--- j 1
--- 4 a 31% b 80% c 65% d 87.5%
10 3 5 4
e 56%. f 17.5% g 72% h 61%.
1 1 3 3 2
k ---
9
l ------
20
m -----20
- n ------
80
o ---
3 i 83.3% j 130% k 260% l 566.6%
7 7 3 5 3 m 487.5% n 160% o 352%
4 a ------
10
b ------
16
c ---
7
d ---
8
e ---
7 3
5 a 0.57 b ---
5
c 18%
8 11
5 a ------
19
b ------
19 3
d 0.72 e 85% f ------
10
6 1 3 13 11
6 --- 7 --- 8 --- 9 ------ 10 ------ 12
7 5 4 20 18 6 a ------
25
b 40% c 130%
d 0.93 e 1.05 f 60%
Exercise 3-05 1 4
1 a 108 b 110 c 64 d 130 e 256 7 a --- , 55%, --- , 0.59
2 7
17 3
f 120 g 98 h 98 i 100 j 50 b ------ , 0.79, --- , 72%
20 4
k 22 --12- l 136 --12- m 66 --23- n 38 --25- o 42 --23- c 77%, 0.764, 19 11
------ , ------ , 7.95%
25 40
2 $8000 3 $2250 4 $640 5 40
8 Fraction Decimal Percentage
6 a $908 b $600 c $30
3
d $680 e $1.60 f $392 ---
4
0.75 75%
.
7 $32 000 1
--- 0.3 33 1--3- %
3
4
8 a ---
9
b 243 c 108 2 2 200%
13
------ 0.65 65%
Skillbank 3A 20
2 a 24 b 51 c 32 d 110 e 9 f 31 1 3--4- 1.75 175%

g 32 h 72 i 45 j 9 k 118 l 40 7
.
---
9
0.7 77 7--9- %
4 a 28 b 28 c 9 d 27 e 9 f 40
g 150 h 35 i 216 j 24 k 588 l 36 4 1--5- 4.2 420%

Exercise 3-08 i 14.4% j 81.25% k 12.5%

l 2.5%
1 a 14 b$1144 c $3.75
d 19.8 kg e2.4 m f 24 L 3 a 77% b 65%
g 156 g h190 km i $787.50 4 History (history 70%, science 68%)
j 19.5 kg k30 L l $12.20 5 a $350 b 70%
m 4.8 t n$78 o 18 kg 6 a $800 b 11.4%
2 a $2.25 b0.84 m c $29.18 7 21.43% 8 1.11%
d 4L e81 kg f $78.10 9 a $52 b 11.3%
g $40 h0.9 km i 16 t 10 a $150 b 42.9%
j $2428 k2 kg l $32.10 11 a $2370 b $830 c 35%
m $871.25 n$315 o 1.35 kg 12 39% 13 14.4% 14 2.3% 15 60%
3 a 28% b 66 240 16 6.2% 17 64.2% 18 84%
4 24 5 189 6 $35 200 .
19 a $102 b $78 c 43.3%
7 65 kg 8 105 g 20 a $150 b 16.7%
9 a 11 250 b 86 250 21 a $165 b 120%
10 $12 825 22 a $4800 b 75%
11 a $21.26 b $336.26 23 a $340 b 26.1%
12 4.62 g
Exercise 3-11
Skillbank 3B 1 a 60 kg b 57 kg
2 a 11 b 40 c 14 d 32 e 23 2 a $625 b $93.75
f 7.5 g 11.25 h 58 i 57 j 18 3 a 409 b 660 c 3200 mm d 800
k 15 l 42.9 m 40 n 135 o 11 e $36 f 384 g 518 kg h 72
p 14 q 9 r 135 s 54 t 123 i 132 j 50 m k 20 l 58 km
u 56
4 200 5 $41 690.63 6 $485
7 $3667 8 1200 g
Exercise 3-09
1 a $275 b $47.25 c $650 Power plus
d 72 kg e 44.8 km f 82.8
1 D 2 $108 3 $265.25
g $2460 h 85.6 kg i 63.84 L
j $784.70 k $171 l $1365 4 a 4 1--4- b 2
---
3
c 7
---------
400
2 a $264 b 76.5 kg c 114 m 13
5 B, C 6 D 7 ------
d 82.8 L e $568.75 f $110 20
g 2.6 km h 96 g i $106.50 8 a 120% b 1 1--5-
j $7.56 k 39 L l $866.88
9 a $456 b 20%
3 a $2068 b $585.75 c $453.75
4 $835.76 10 28 4--7- %
5 a $73 b $438 11 a $2100 b 1470 ÷ 70 × 100
6 $102 7 $15 895 8 $259.60 12 a Bill calculated the percentage increase on $135.
9 $3.44 10 $59 020.80 11 $108 800 Ben calculated the percentage increase on $120.
12 a $1020 b $714 c $114 b 12.5%
13 a $408 b $391.68 13 b
14 $84.15 40 9
0 0.25 55% 70% –– –– 1
50 10
.
Exercise 3-10 14 a Between 33.3% and 50%
1 a 92% b 80% c 95% b Greater than .75% c Less than 6%
d 70% e 87.5% f 80% d Between 66.6% and 80%
.
g 1.5% h 66.6% or 66 2--3- % e More than 130%
.
i 12.5% j 6.6% or 6 --23- % 15 11.09 seconds
.
k 6% l 33.3% or 33 1--3- %
2 a 43.75%
.
b 33.3% or 33 --13- %
Chapter 3 review
1 a $14.69 b $14.70
c 60% d 14.375% e 30%
. 2 $8.15
f 37.5% g 20.83% h 7.5% 3 a $40 + $20 = $60 b $90 ÷ 3 = $30
ANSWERS 585
c $2.50 × 6 = $15 d $100 − $40 = $60 6 a 12

------ b 5
------ c 3 3--4- d 5 3--5-
e $150 ÷ 6 = $25 f $50 + $40 = $90 35 24
g $12 × 10 = $120 h $190 − $90 = $100 7 C

47 13
i $3 × 20 = $60 8 a ------
60
b ------
60
4 a $68.57 b $68.55 9 a 23.56 b 19.86
1 c 27.04 d 3.6
5 a ---
5
b 1004
10 5.85, 5.095, 0.59, 0.5867
11 1 3 1 3
6 a ---------
100
b ------
36
c ---------
200
d ------
10
e ------
16
11 a 67.85 b 352.2
1 1 7 1 c 3.008 d 81.0
f ------
12
g ------
24
h ------
30
i ------
12 12 a 36.8 b 4.02 c 113 d 2.25
3
.
7 ------
10
8 140 9 28 10 $19 375 13 a $75 b 21 kg c $32 d 6.6
7 9 3 19
14 a 17 b6 c 26 d4
11 a ------
25
b 1-----
20
- c ---
8
d ---------
300 17 1
15 a ------
20
b ------
30
c 3 3--4- d 2 1--6-
6
e ------ f 2 3--5- g 21
--------- h 5
---
25 400 6 16 a 2 b5 c 13 d2
12 a 0.19 b 0.003 c 1.95 d 0.123 17 D
e 0.72 f 0.0325 g 2.5 h 6 18 a 470 b 0.8 c 0.000 039
13 a 68% b 69.5% c 53.3% d 201% 19 B
e 120% f 300% g 77.5%
.. h 4% 20 a 64 = 8 b 52 + 10 × 20 = 225
i 62%. j 1.5% k 45.45% l 0.9% 1 × 100
m 41.6% n 135% o 56.25% p 65% c ------------------
20
=5 d 5 × 20 = 100
14 1
--- , 0.48, 43%, 3 19
--- , ------
21 a 60 b 28 c 5
2 7 50 d 10 e 6
15 Any percentage between 40% and 45% 22 a 0.6 b 7.63
expressed as a fraction, such as 41% = --------
41
100
-
3 5 2
23 --- , --- , ---
16 a $23.45 b $18.70 c $4.48 5 8 3
d $1.01 e $4.73 f $29.75 24 59.88 seconds
g $30.06 h $2333.33 i $32.30 25 a −15 b 60 c −5 d 25
17 a 84.39 ≈ 84 students b 886 26 a 7
--- = 1 3--4- b 8
------ c − 1--8- d 4
---
4 15 5
18 $17.06 19 $434.25 20 $236.73
21 a 6.25% b 14.3% c 1.9% e − -----
13
5
-
22 93% 27 a $36.25 bD
.
23 a 50.6% b 49.4% 28 a 15
------ b 28 c 4
------d 10 --12-
16 15
24 a $81 b 17.8% . .
29 a 0.8,
. terminating b 0.384615, recurring
25 a $75 b 1500 L c 840 kg d 1250 m c 0.4. , recurring d 4.75 terminating
26 259 e 1.6 recurring
. 30 A, B, C
27 a $36 b $573.75 c 22.2%
d i $111 ii $1883.33 31 a 54 b 12
e Loss of 1.44% because 12% of the increased 32 a 12.5 b 68.75 c 8.47
amount is greater than 12% of the original 33 a 100 b 2.44 c 0.13
amount. 34 a T + 7 b T − 15 c 4T d 10
------
T
e T − 12 f T − 3
35 a 4k b −2 + 5m or 5m − 2
Mixed revision 1 c −4p − 7m d 3n2 − 10n
1 a 8 b 12 c 12 36 a 10km b 8a3 c 80p2d d 27b3d2
2 a 2 11
------ b 2 1--4- 2
c 1 -----
- d 8 1--6- 37 a 3d − 15 b 40 − 8x c 6h − 21h2
12 11
d 18cd − 27c2
3 a 0.8 b 0.8 c 4.25 d 0.35
7m 6d 13t n
e 0.017 f 0.36 g 1.06 38 a -------
3
b ------
11
c --------
20
d ------
30
4 a 82 − 92 = 8 + 9 = 17 39 a i 68, 64, 60 ii p = 84 − n
b 5 × 10-2 = 0.05 b i 17, 22, 27 ii p = 5n − 3
c (5 1--2- )2 = 5 × 6 + 1
--- = 30 1--4- c i 17, 19, 21 ii p = 2n + 9
4
d i 19, 28, 39 ii p = n2 + 3
5 a 934.5 b 0.178 c 9300 d 0.2347
40 a 7 b 34 c 30

41 a C bB c A 5 a b
42 a 10 b −50 c 1
d 24 e 1
43 a 3 + 11d b 10x + 2 c 5 − 7y d 22w − 2
e 1 − 16k f 26t − 23
wt 20 5a
44 a ------
6
b -------
mp
c -------
6m
c d
4 2
d ---
7
e ---
3
3x wv 2
45 a 4k b 3n c ------
y
d ---------
2
46 a 560 b 90.72
47 a i $49.36 ii 90c iii $18.10 e f
iv $10.24
b i 35c ii $3.70 iii $0.55
iv $2.10
1 3 5 4
48 a ---
5
b ------
10
c ------
12
d -----
-
. .15
49 a 60% b 27% c 227.27% g h
d 66.66% e 281%
50 a 78.6% b 66.7% c 60%
51 a 24 b 96 c 210
52 3 × $40 + 2 × $30 + $65 = $245
53 a $102 b $37 c $23.45
54 $1875 i
55 a $12.80 b $0.70 c $333.35
56 a i $78.75 ii 110.5 kg iii 47.52 L
b i 82.8 kg ii $5.31 iii $1170
3 41 7 29
57 a i 4 -----
20
- ii ------
50
iii ------
12
iv ---------
400
b i 2.12 ii 0.063 iii 0.002 iv 1.5 6 b, c, d, e, i, j, l
58 a $41.23 b $562.23 7 a rectangular prism b triangular pyramid
59 a $53.30 c cylinder d square pyramid
60 a $402 b $3735 e triangular prism f pentagonal prism
61 a $240 b 126.3% g cube h cone i hexagonal pyramid
Exercise 4-01
1 a ∠DFC or ∠CFD b ∠PKQ or ∠QKP
Chapter 4 c ∠LMN or ∠NML
2 a There are three angles which have P as vertex.
Start up b M c ∠MPR, ∠MPT and
1 a acute b right c reflex d revolution ∠RPT
e reflex f obtuse g reflex h straight
2 a T bF c F dT P R
e T f T g F hT
3 a D b B, D c B d A, D T
4 a trapezium b equilateral triangle 3 a ∠XWY, ∠XWZ, ∠YWZ
c parallelogram d square b ∠A, ∠B, ∠C, ∠D
e isosceles triangle f obtuse-angled triangle c ∠F, ∠G, ∠FHG, ∠KHG
g rhombus h rectangle
4 a 49° b 132° c 126° d 328°
i regular hexagon j scalene triangle
e 36° f 22° g 267° h 104°
k right-angled triangle l kite
i 127° j 220°
m isosceles triangle n pentagon
6 a 360° b 720° c 3600°
o trapezium p regular octagon
d 270° e 540° f 810°
g 120° h 282° i 336°
ANSWERS 587
7 a 30° b 60° c 150° i e = 115 (co-interior angles)

d 75° e 97.5° or 97°30′ j h = 88 (alternate angles)
f 7.5° or 7°30′ g 12.5° or 12°30′ k m = 106 (corresponding angles)
h 20° i 35° l a = 108 (vertically opposite angles then
8 a 90° b 150° c 60° co-interior)
d 15° e 165° f 157 1--2- ° 2 a a = 47 (vertically opposite angles)
b = a = 47 (alternate angles)
c = b = 47 (vertically opposite angles)
Exercise 4-02 b k = 135 (angles on a straight line)
1 a N bC c C dS h = k = 135 (corresponding angles)
e C f N g C hN c n = 115 (alternate angles)
i S j C kS l N m = 115 (corresponding angles)
2 a 53° b 50° c 1° d 18° d b = 104 (angles on a straight line)
e 30° f 80° g (90 − a)° h a° c = 104 (corresponding angles)
i (60 − k)° j (70 + m)° d = 104 (vertically opposite angles)
3 a 105° b 165° c 50° d 80° e 53° e a = 125 (corresponding angles)
f 135° g (180 − x)° h (135 + y)° b = 125 (alternate angles)
i (90 + a)° j (80 + d)° k = 125 (vertically opposite angles)
4 a b f x = m = 58 (corresponding angles)
y = x = 58 (vertically opposite angles)
n = 122 (angles on a straight line)
g u = 115 (co-interior angles)
w = 110 (alternate angles)
t = 70 (co-interior angles)
5 Complementary angles add to 90° and
h = 76 (alternate angles)
105° 90°.
h a = 14 (angle sum of a right angle)
6 a 53°, 143° b (90 − a)°, (180 − a)° i m = 25 (angle sum of triangle)
c (20 + k)°, (110 + k)° d (55 − h)°, (145 − h)° f = 115 (angles on a straight line)
e (60 − y)°, (150 − y)° g = 65 (alternate angles)
j c = 80 (alternate angles)
Exercise 4-03 d = 40 (angles on a straight line)
2 a x = 110 b m = 27 c k = 90 e = 140 (co-interior angles)
d h = 135 e w = 45 f a = 113 k x = 145 (co-interior angles)
3 a c = 53 b d = 27 c m = 55 y = 125 (angles at a point)
d y = 50 e h = 18 f e = 18 u = 55 (co-interior angles)
4 a d = 67 b x = 109 c m = 100 l k = 60 (co-interior angles)
d h = 41 e v = 112 f g = 105 l = 60 (alternate angles)
g y = 25 h e = 43 i a = 50 3 a A; AB is not parallel to CD, since alternate
5 a h = 300 b f = 250 c m = 55 angles are not equal.
d b = 78 e c = 115 f w = 42 b I; EF is not parallel to GF since co-interior
6 a p = 55, v = 125 b m = 108, f = 72 angles are not supplementary.
c a = 35, c = 75 d x = 75 c C; IJ is not parallel to KL since corresponding
e h = 45, b = 90, q = 115 angles are not equal.
f n = 45 g r = 135 h w = 55 d C; MN  PQ since corresponding angles are
i c = 30, y = 150 equal.
j k = 26 k t = 35 l a = 140° e A; ST  UV since alternate angles are equal.
f C; WX is not parallel to RT since corresponding
Exercise 4-04 angles are not equal.
1 a y = 125 (alternate angles) 4 a 3k + 66 = 180 (co-interior angles)
b m = 56 (corresponding angles) 3k = 114
c k = 57 (co-interior angles) k = 38
d a = 85 (alternate angles) b 5m = 80 (alternate angles)
e g = 48 (corresponding angles) m = 16
f w = 70 (vertically opposite angles, then c 4w = 120 (corresponding angles)
co-interior angles) w = 30
g p = 57 (corresponding angles) d 3c = 75 (alternate angles)
h t = 68 (co-interior angles) c = 25

e 5m + 30 + 70 = 180 (co-interior angles) h i 0.1 ii 0.09 iii 0.092

5m + 100 = 180 i i 274.8 ii 274.81 iii 274.813
5m = 80
m = 16 Exercise 4-05
f 4k + 60 = 180 (vertically opposite angles then 1 a m = 70 b w = 33 c h = 50
co-interior angles) d k = 100 e x = 46 f a = 65
4k = 120 2 a d = 70 b k = 70 c y = 34
k = 30 d m = 60 e h = 150 f r = 45
g 2d + 10 = 100 (alternate angles)
3 a 115 b 112 c 85
2d = 90
d 68 e 67.5 f 130
d = 45
4 a 125° b 110° c 67°
h 3f = 60 (co-interior angles then vertically
d 50° e 60° f 56°
opposite angles)
f = 20 5 a A, D b C, D c B
i 5y + 150 = 180 (vertically opposite angles then 6 a
6 cm 100° 6 cm
co-interior angles)
40° 40°
5y = 30 40° 40°
y=6 6 cm 6 cm
100°
Skillbank 4A 70° 70° 40° 40° 70° 70°
6 cm 6 cm
2 a i 10 000 000 ii 9 710 000 iii 9 709 900
b a = 65; b = 65; c = 50
b i 6 000 000 ii 6 452 000 iii 6 452 400
c
c i 8 000 000 ii 7 516 000 iii 7 516 300
d i 9 000 000 ii 8 613 000 iii 8 613 500
e i 2 000 000 ii 2 180 000 iii 2 179 900
f i 8 000 000 ii 8 361 000 iii 8 361 000
g i 8 000 000 ii 8 407 000 iii 8 407 300
h i 6 000 000 ii 6 499 000 iii 6 499 300
i i 1 000 000 ii 1 310 000 iii 1 309 500 d
4 a i 7.5 ii 7.52 iii 7.517
b i 18.4 ii 18.40 iii 18.396 7 a t = 35 b m = 26 c h = 30
c i 14.0 ii 14.00 iii 14.003 d g = 40 e m = 31 f a = 20
d i 127.0 ii 127.02 iii 127.021
e i 10.9 ii 10.93 iii 10.928 Exercise 4-06
f i 87.6 ii 87.61 iii 87.610 1 a 74 b 96 c 30 d 30 e 221 f 75
g i 4.3 ii 4.31 iii 4.313 2 See the table below.
Properties Trapezium Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Kite

One pair of opposite sides parallel ✓
Opposite sides parallel ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Opposite sides equal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
All sides equal ✓ ✓
Two pairs of adjacent sides equal ✓
Diagonals equal ✓ ✓
Diagonals bisect each other ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Diagonals meet at right angles ✓ ✓ ✓
Diagonals bisect the angles of the
✓ ✓
shape
Opposite angles equal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
One pair of opposite angles equal ✓
All angles 90° ✓ ✓
Axes of symmetry 0 0 2 4 2 1
ANSWERS 589
3 a trapezium, parallelogram Exercise 4-07

b trapezium
1 a 109° b 71° c 84°
c square, rhombus
2 a 34 mm b 84 mm c 68 mm
d rectangle, square
e parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus 3 b VT = 39 mm
f square 4 b ∠H = 93°
g rhombus, square 5 b QR = 35 mm
h kite 6 b ∠N = 77°
i parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus 7 b BC = 43 mm
j rectangle, square 8 b ∠E = 90°
k rectangle, rhombus 10 a quadrilateral b parallelogram
l parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus c trapezium d kite
m parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus e trapezium f rectangle
n rhombus, kite, square 11 b BD = 47 mm
4 a 13 12 b 42 mm
b rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium 13 b 94 mm
c 9 rhombuses, 6 parallelograms, 18 trapeziums
14 b WX = 36 mm
5 A, C, D, E, G, I
15 b CD = 50 mm
6 a parallelogram b rhombus c trapezium
16 b ∠F = 86°
d square e rhombus f kite
18 c 80 mm d 113 mm
g rectangle h square i rhombus
7 a k = 70 (opposite angles of parallelogram are
equal)
Exercise 4-08
b a = 45 (angles of square bisected by diagonals) 1 a 1800° b 2340° c 3240°
c p = 55 (co-interior angles, opposite sides of d 1980° e 900° f 2160°
rhombus parallel) g 1260° h 3060° i 4140°
d w = 112 (opposite angles of parallelogram are 2 a 14 b 11 c 24
equal, then angles on a straight line) d 17 e 8 f 21
e t = 55 (angles of a rectangle equal 90°) g 30 h 13 i 16
f n = 67 (corresponding angles, opposite sides of 3 a 5 b 540° c 36
a rhombus are parallel) d 36°, 72°, 108°, 144°, 180°
g a = 55 (co-interior angles)
h c = 9 (diagonals bisect angles of a square) Exercise 4-09
i r = 110 (angles between unequal sides of a kite 1 a equilateral triangle b square
are equal) 2 a 135° b 144° c 150° d 156°
8 a ∠PQR = 72° (alternate angles, RW  PV) 3 a 162° b 160° c 172°
b ∠TQU= ∠TUQ = 53° (angles in isosceles d 120° e 168° f 140°
triangle) 4 a 22 b 163.6°
∠QUP = 53° (alternate angles, QT PU)
5 a 157.5° b 162° c 161.1°
∠UPQ = ∠PQU = 63.5° (angles in isosceles
d 165 e 150 f 170°
triangle)
6 a 24 b 36
∴ ∠PQR = 63.5° (alternate angles, RQ  PU)
c (30° + ∠QRT) + 110° = 180° (co-interior
angles, QT  PR) Exercise 4-10
∠QRT = 40° 1 a 15 b 10 c 9 d 36 e 20 f 6
∴ ∠PQR = 40° (alternate angles, PQ  RT) 2 a 45° b 36° c 24°
d ∠PRQ = 35° (vertically opposite angles) 3 a 12 b 72 c 20
∴ ∠PQR = 72.5° (angles in isosceles ∆PQR, d9 e 5 f 90
diagonals of rectangle are equal and bisect
each other) Skillbank 4
e ∠QRP = 75° (angle sum of straight line) The following are the exact answers. Check how
∠QPR = 75° (angles in isosceles triangle) close your estimates were.
∴ ∠PQR = 30° (angle sum of triangle) 2 a 331 b 157 c 1587 d 255
f ∠TPQ = 60° (alternate angles, RT  PQ) e 421 f 203 g 413 h 734
∴ ∠PQR = 30° (angle sum of triangle, i 6723 j 15 744 k 276
diagonals of rhombus meet at 90°) l 72.43 (to two decimal places)

4 a 177.4967 b 416.752 c 2.4156

d 5.0237 e 38.36 f 4.4066 ii Triangle iii Right prism
g 5.8065 h 90.9734 i 8.1999
Exercise 4-11
1 A: cube, B: square pyramid, C: sphere, c i Trapezoidal prism
D: triangular prism, E: cone, F: rectangular
prism, G: cylinder, H: triangular pyramid ii Trapezium iii Oblique prism
Exercise 4-12 d i Rectangular prism

1 a Prism b Neither c Pyramid d Neither ii Rectangle iii Oblique prism
e Pyramid f Prism g Prism h Neither
i Prism j Pyramid k Pyramid l Prism
2 a or
e i Rectangular prism
ii Rectangle iii Right prism
f i Hexagonal prism
f g
ii iii Oblique prism
Hexagon
4 a See the table below.

b i 10 ii 11 iii 26 iv 20 v 8 vi 14
c i 10 ii 11 iii 26 iv 20 v 8 vi 14
i l
5 a i F = 6, V = 8, E = 12
ii 6 + 8 = 12 + 2 = 14
b i F = 14, V = 24, E = 36 ii Yes
3 a i Pentagonal prism Exercise 4-13

ii Pentagon iii Right prism 1 A cylinder has circular ends which are not
polygons. A cone has a circular base which is not
a polygon. A sphere has no uniform cross-
section, nor does it have a base or a vertex.
2 a b c
b i Triangular prism
Exercise 4-12, Question 4a
Name Number of faces (F) Number of vertices (V) Number of edges (E)
i Oblique rectangular pyramid 5 5 8
ii Right triangular prism 5 6 9
iii Right octagonal prism 10 16 24
iv L-shaped prism 8 12 18
v Oblique triangular pyramid 4 4 6
vi Right hexagonal pyramid 7 7 12
ANSWERS 591
3 a f
top
top
left side front right side
top
g
front side
top
top

h
top
top

i
e
top
top

4 Solid Top view Left side view Front view Right side view
top view
left right
side side
view view
front view
ANSWERS 593
5 a b Chapter 4 review
1 a ∠Z, ∠ZWY, ∠ZWX, ∠YWX, ∠X, ∠XYW,
∠XYZ, ∠WYZ
b ∠T, ∠TMR, ∠TMN, ∠RMN, ∠MNL, ∠MNR,
∠LNR, ∠NRM, ∠NRT, ∠MRT, ∠RLN, ∠MLR,
c d ∠MLN
2 a 23° b 142°
3 a 55° b (90 − m)°
4 a 140° b 63°
5 a d = 115, k = 65 b y = 53 c w = 185
6 a 123 b 65 c 117
d 101 e 104 f 70
e 7
a°
6 b
8 a k = 47 b e = 75 c x = 24
d m = 18 e t = 107.5 f b = 60
9 54°, 72°; 63°, 63° 10 90°, 45°, 45°
11 a 130 b 70 c 35 d 140 e 48 f 78
12 a parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
b square, rectangle
13 a x = 110 b m = 68, y = 112
c g = 60 d x = 35, y = 55
Power plus e m = 97 f e = 36
1 a 135° b 82.5° c 127.5° 14 Both pairs of opposite sides equal and parallel.
2 a h = 113 (vertically opposite angles) Diagonals bisect each other
m = 67 (co-interior angles) Opposite angles equal
p = 67 (vertically opposite angles) No axes of symmetry
k = 67 (corresponding angles) Rotational symmetry
b w = 73 (exterior angle of triangle is equal to the 15 a θ = 45° b d = 96 c θ = 81°
sum of the interior opposite angles) 16 (10 − 2) × 180 = 1440°
c e = 97 (co-interior angles, then alternate 17 152.3° 18 60 sides
angles) 19 a b
d y = 61 (angle sum of a triangle, then
corresponding angles)
e f = 56 (alternate angles, then angle sum of
isosceles triangle)
f x = 78 (alternate angles, then exterior angle of c d
triangle result)
g t = 34 (alternate angles)
n = 117 (opposite angles of parallelogram)
v = 29 (angle sum of a triangle)
h a = 90 (diagonals of rhombus meet at right 20
angles)
d = 65 (alternate angles, then angle sum of a
triangle)
i c = 153 (angle sum of quadrilateral, then plan
angles at a point)
3 a AC = 5.45 cm b 100 mm
4 a (2 × 7 − 4) × 90 = 900°
b (2 × 16 − 4) × 90 = 2520°
5 a 45 b 36 c 10 left side front right side

Chapter 5 g
j
$1040
$897.90
h $1560 i $564.45
3 a $525.60 b $613.20 c $394.20

Start up d $503.70 e $671.60 f $580.35
1 a $56 b $2 c $140 d $28 g $788.40 h $744.60
e $6 f $98 g $10 h $84 4 a $79 b $118.50 c $94.80
2 a 10 b 2 c 3 d 100 d $110.60 e $110.60 f $221.20
e 20 f 13 g 63 h 32 g $102.70 h $268.60 i $233.05
3 a $9 b $15 c $3 d $12 j $191.58
e $30 f $10.50 g $52.50 h $90
4 a $40 b $30 c $19 d $28.40 Skillbank 5A
e $32.40 f $31.60 g $55 h $42.80 2 a 19 b $7.50 c 87.5 d $20.20
5 a $8 b $27 c $2428 d $52 e $3.76 f 40 g 93 cents h 89.6
e $3127 f $53 g $20 h $109 i $270 j 10 cents k $152.76 l $8.26
6 a $384.62 b $6250 c $3150 m 31.54 n $1.01 o 42.6 p $2431.76
d $1566.89 e $1830 f $14 911.22 4 a 10 b 124 c 490 d $1.72
g $764.09 h $1208.13 i $6848 e 160.4 f 2550 g 79.4 h 0.76
7 a $55 b $88 c $165 d $13.20 i 9c j $1.45 k $768 l 64
e $7.48 f $23.32 g $50.60 h $41.47 6 a 100 b 60 cents c 2.5 d $1.35
e $1.84 f $4.23 g 4 cents h 6.65
Exercise 5-01 i 48 cents j $6.95 k 40 cents l 42.9
1 a $621.04 b $1242.09
c $2700.50 d $17.25 Exercise 5-03
2 a $502.80 b $719.95 c $556 1 a $1440 b $1215 c $423
d $410.40 e $990 d $7537.50 e $1562.63 f $819.68
3 Dana earns $1.26 more each week. g $3474.72 h $1873.13 i $12 397.50
4 Salary of $27 640 p.a. = $529.70 per week. 2 $10 979
Fortnightly pay of $1075 = $537.50 per week. 3 a Perry $700 b Perry $1330
∴ The difference is $7.80 per week. Amy $750 Amy $1800
5 a Zane; extra 55c per hour c Perry $1600 d Perry $2275
b Mitch; extra $1.40 per hour Amy $2250 Amy $3375
c David; extra $1 per hour 4 a $82 000 b $6830
d Tom; extra $2.60 per hour 5 a $165 b $550 c $1287
e Philip; extra 30c per hour d $1430 e $2736.25 f $3201
f Fiona; extra $2.60 per hour g $5486.25 h $9460 i $11 000
g Simon; extra $2.97 per hour 6 $1348
h Robert; extra 90c per hour 7 a $6000 b $8500 c $9590
6 a $331.20 b $15 897.60 c $1324.80 d $12 295 e $14 000 f $17 549
7 a i $42 000 ii $804.91 8 4554
b i $72 000 ii $1379.84 9 a $8300 b $9820 c $11 400
c i $103 680 ii $1986.97
10 a $163.80 b $90 c $172.05
d i $57 600 ii $1103.87
d $188 e $307.80 f $217.60
8 a $187 b $935 c $4065.69 g $298.90 h $97.13 i $162
9 a $108 b $119.70 c $92.30 d $104 j $1568
10 a $3226.67 b $742.05 c $17.67 11 a i $79.90 ii $124.10
11 $19.25 12 $724.20 iii $172.55 iv $362.95
13 $2584.62 (or $2575.70 if using b 540 toys
1 year = 26.09 fortnights) c i 236 ii 424 iii 559 iv 730
12 a $96.88 b $35.56 c $136.36
Exercise 5-02 d $142.10 e $182.35 f $256.20
1 a $384 b $345.60 c $550.40 g $457.10 h $1090.25
d $582.40 e $678.40 f $742.40 13 a $734 b $122.33 c $14.40
g $665.60 h $748.80 i $710.40 14 a i $51.60 ii $86 iii $111.80
2 a $596.40 b $645.75 c $556.80 iv $172 v $223.60 vi $387
d $718.20 e $1165 f $911.40 b 1380 calls
ANSWERS 595
c i 140 ii 419 iii 698 iv 1680 e i Gross income = $1830

15 a i $4.80 ii $9.60 iii $17.60 iv $36.40 ii Total deductions = $1034.20
v $39.20 vi $57.20 vii $60 viii $66.40 iii Net income = $795.80
b $180.60 4 a $2099.66 b $512.32 c $1312.34
16 a i $564 735 ii $10 860.29 5 a $353.01 b $44.48 c $279.33
b i $41 975.80 ii $807.23 6 a $251.70 b 24.5%
c i $409 410.75 ii $7873.28 7 a i $139.47 ii $89.66 iii $393.50
d i $217 426 ii $4181.27 b i $410.53 ii $167.45 iii $772.44
e i $115 833.50 ii $2227.57 c i $94.56 ii $167.63 iii $454.18
f i $470 510.75 ii $9048.28 d i $522.34 ii $336.05 iii $967.98
e i $2119.22 ii $788.71 iii $3950.40
Exercise 5-04 f i $2458.56 ii $685.56 iii $4735.88
1 a $2014 b $3116 c $2704.65
d $1961.18 e $2416.80 f $3847.50 Skillbank 5B
g $3897.66 h $3638.31 i $4018.69 2 a 8 b 0.3 c $12 d 0.8 e $48
2 a $1061.36 b $1317.20 c $1630.24 f 1.2 g 5.6 h $18 i $3 j $7.20
d $1536.56 e $1419.12 k 77 l 26
3 a $1566.93 b $1915.42 c $1878.12 4 a 12.5 b $4.50 c $10.80 d 9.9 e $15
4 a $623.20 b $680.40 c $558 f 4.8 g $30 h $45 i $21 j $7.20
d $700 e $748 f $691.20 k 5.7 l $10.50
g $739.20 h $722.30
5 a $18.50 per hour b $755.20 Exercise 5-06
c $37 762.40 1 a 10.2% b $2600 c $64 d 24 weeks
6 a $3384 b $4531.74 c $5099.50 2 a $420 b i 25% ii 21.9% c $35
d $7050 e $6702.92 f $3456.67
g $6039.38 h $4337.91 3 a Income Expenses
7 a $536 b $375.20 c $2519.20 Earnings $494 Groceries $100
8 a $1993.10 b $697.59 c $4683.79 Household bills $65
9 a $632 b $2970.40 Car $45
Clothes $80
10 $784.70 11 $97 440
Entertainment $90
12 a i $891.60 ii $1046.40
Savings $114
b $3142.89
b She owns her house already.
Exercise 5-05 4 a Income Expenses
1 a $1156.20 b $346.10 c $847.80 Earnings $350 Board $50
d $1685.90 e $365.50 f $445.70 Fares $35
g $1205.10 h $670.80 i $438.60 Clothes $80
j $1151.80 Magazines $25
2 a 53.5% b 63.3% c 61.2% Food $30
d 53.2% e 78.6% f 54.4% Entertainment $40
g 44.0% h 69.0% i 29.3% Savings $90
j 51.3%
b $90 c i 7.1% ii 11.4%
3 a i Gross income = $638.40 d 90 × 52 = $4680 saved in one year.
ii Total deductions = $277.80 ∴ Still requires $120 to pay for trip.
iii Net income = $360.60 e Decrease magazines and entertainment.
b i Gross income = $518.30
5 a $547.50
ii Total deductions = $336.90
b i $252.50 ii $13 130
iii Net income = $181.40
c $90
c i Gross income = $525
ii Total deductions = $396.90
iii Net income = $128.10
Exercise 5-07
d i Gross income = $1071.60 1 a Item B b Item B c Item A
ii Total deductions = $459.60 2 a Item A b Item A c Item A
iii Net income = $612 3 a Brand Z b Brand Y c Brand X
d Brand W

4 D (Chocolate Swirl) 16 $4117.20 17 $821.70 18 $691.42

5 Peta’s battery 19 a 300 mL for $2.70 b 750 g for 94c
6 a ii bi c i d ii e i 20 B
21 a $490.50 b $236.25
Exercise 5-08 c 9.7% (to one decimal place)
1 a $182.16 b $300.80 c $3.36 22 $1800 23 D
d $12.79 e $812.50 f $402 24 a $259 b $233.10 c 37%
2 a B bD c A dB
3 a 30.56% b 40.60% c 22.81%
d 20.83% e 39.20%
4 a $120 b $183.33
Chapter 6
c i $106.15 ii $148.60 d $104.71
5 a $9692.55 b $11 664 Start up
c $7052.83 d $12 915.36 1 a 5m b 2m c 4000 m
6 a $125.80 b $119.51 d 6m e 1.5 m f 12 m
c $118.40 d No, 20% is better. g 6700 m h 1.8 m i 0.85 m
7 $749.52 2 a 49 b 144 c 97
8 Store 2, you save more. d 11 e 100 f 24
g 128 h 26 i 12
j 2 k7 l 30
Power plus 3 a 8.7 b 12.6 c 9.7
1 $92.28 2 $55.56 3 $128 per hour
d 14.1 e 28.1 f 150.0
4 $1368 5 $21.50 per hour
4 a c = 13 b y = 12 c m = 40 d y = 165
6 $855
5 a p=6 b k = 10
7 Difference = 534.04 − 523.23
6 A (1, 3) B (3, 1) C (−2, 2) D (−4, 0)
= $10.81
E (−1, −3) F (1, 0) G (3, −2) H (−3, 4)
8 Brenda: $514 per fortnight
I (0, −2) J (2, −4) K (0, 2 1--2- ) L (−3, −2)
Barry: $454.80 per fortnight
Difference = $59.20
9 a Deductions = $90, Net income = $360
Exercise 6-01
b Dedctions = $34.72, Net income = $90.28 1 a 49 b9 c 225 d 38.44
c Deductions = $127.50, Net income = $212.50 e 1004.89 f 1
--- g 4
------ h 25
------
4 25 16
10 $26 790 i 0.01 j 0.5041 k 34 l 351
11 75 cm × 15 cm @ $7.90 for 2 rolls m 1681 n 349 o 900 p 7.99
12 Option 3 is the cheapest option. q 1.93 r 0.25 s 15 1--4- t 41
---------
400
13 Store 3 is the cheapest offer for 90 drawers.
9
14 Because a 10% discount followed by a 15% 2 a 12 b5 c ---
4
d 1.1
discount is equivalent to a 23.5% discount, not a e 3.87 f 30 g 13.04 h 6.53
25% discount. i 0.2 j 4.90 k 2.79 l 5
m 13.23 n 0.90 o 0.61 p 3.35
Chapter 5 review q2 r 7.42 s 4 t 2.69
1 $23 128.80
2 a $56.40 b $94 c $65.80 Exercise 6-02
3 a $686.09 b $18.05 1 a PN b VT c c d w e p f HN
4 a $958.22 b $1916.44 c $4166.67 g k h TC i RT j MV kd l p
5 B (Brian) 2 a 31 b 49 c 45 d 49 e 49 f 65
6 a $702 b $708.40 c $860 g 54 h 55 i 35 j 38
7 a $440.75 b $344 c $521.38
8 $176.40 Exercise 6-03
9 a $523.25 b $184 1 a k2 = m2 + n2 b d 2 = p2 + c2
10 a $288 b $1134.90 c x2 = w2 + y2 d k2 = h2 + t2
11 a $4200 b $50 400 e 132 = 122 + 52 f q2 = f 2 + d 2
12 a $1260 b $2250 c $11 550 2 a A bD c C dC e A
13 87 bags 14 $11 625 f A g C hA i C j D
15 a $75 b $402.50 c $350 d $997.50 3 a B bD c C d B and D
ANSWERS 597

1 a 10 cm b 13 m c 30 cm 1 a 91 b 10.61 c 13.6
d 37 cm e 26 mm f 34 cm d 34.91 e 10.30 f 12.45
g 20 cm h 5.8 m i 25 cm g 36 h 46.67 i 84.85
j 41 m k 37 mm l 19.5 m 2 a 125 mm b 136 mm c 295 mm
2 a 18.0 cm b 19.4cm c 59.5 mm d 110 mm e 14 cm
d 66.4 mm e 10.8 cm f 64.2 mm 3 a 12.6 cm b 8.4 m c 2.7 m
g 82.9 mm h 2.6 m i 107.4 mm d 40 mm e 130 mm f 11 cm
j 30.6 cm k 6.5 m l 85.4 mm 4 a 38.3 cm b 57.8 cm c 27.5
3 a 50 mm b 50 cm c 50 cm
d 90 mm e 1m f 80 cm Skillbank 6
g 8m h 10 m i 30 mm 2 a 2.8 b 4.2 c 5.3 d 10.5
4 a 16.1 m b 13.5 m c 34.1 m e 8.9 f 5.6 g 3.5 h 8.1
d 21.5 m e 29.7 m f 13.9 cm i 8.7 j 5.4 k 6.3 l 11.2
g 8.7 m h 12.7 cm i 62.4 m
5 a 69.1 cm b 4.4 m c 134 mm Exercise 6-08
d 179.6 mm e 1.4 m f 393 mm
1 a 17 cm b 54 cm c 147 cm
g 3.22 m h 168 cm i 151 mm
2 252 cm
j 4.373 m
3 a 152 m b 59 m
Exercise 6-05 4 a 18 km b 2 km
5 4.7 m
1 a a = 40 b x = 16
c a = 60 d b = 12 6 a 432 m b 1.3 km
e p = 1.5 f x = 8.4 7 84 cm
g a=9 h x = 1.3 8 a 198 cm b 179 cm
i x = 21 j w = 60 9 a 21.8 b 23 m
k x = 80 l p = 16 10 a 4387 mm b 6652 mm
2 a 18.1 cm b 14.4 cm
c 93.7 cm d 24.1 m Exercise 6-09
e 35.0 cm f 48.4 m 1 a i and ii y
g 70.9 cm h 74.3 m
i 36.7 m j 3.2 cm
k 3.7 m l 192.7 m A
3 a 21.0 cm b 4.7 m 2
c 120.0 mm d 11.9 cm
e 27.1 mm f 28.0 m
g 8.5 cm h 1.9 m −3 0 x
5
i 40.1 m j 4.0 m
k 11.7 cm l 13.9 m −2
B
4 a 56 mm b 51.2 cm
c 1.0 m d 202 cm
e 220.0 cm f 481 mm
g 1044.1 mm h 170.4 cm
b i and ii y
Exercise 6-06
1 a Yes, right angle opposite the 20 cm side C
3
b No c No
d Yes, right angle opposite the 75 mm side
e No
−2
f Yes, right angle opposite the 65 cm side
0 x
g No h No i No 1
D −1
j Yes, right angle opposite the 1.13 m side
k Yes, right angle opposite the 265 cm side
l Yes, right angle opposite the 1392.5 cm side

c i and ii y 2 a AB = 8 units,
5 E PQ = 4 units,
AD = 9 units,
MN = 9 units
b FD = 9 units,
PY = 2 units,
ED = 4 units,
WT = 11 units,
0 x KH = 5 units
3
3 a y
−2 F
W
2
d i and ii y
H 0 x
4 −1 2
G 1
X
−4 T
−3 0 x
2
b WX = 6 units, TX = 3 units
4 a y
e i and ii y
4
B x
6
K
−2 0 x
3
b y
−4 K
J
f i and ii y 4
L x
3
L
10
−3
0 x
4
−1
M
ANSWERS 599
c y g y
N
6 R
x x
10
J
d y
h y
2
D
Q
x
7
5
H x
3
A
e y
i y
W
6
M 5
x x
E 4
3
R
f y
Exercise 6-10
7 G
1 a 17 , 4.1 units b 26 , 5.1 units
x c 9 1--4- , 3 units d 34 , 5.8 units
5 e 17 , 4.1 units
2 a AB = 5 units b AB = 6.4 units
c AB = 4.2 units d AB = 6.1 units
Q e AB = 5.8 units f AB = 9.5 units
g AB = 6.4 units h AB = 7.1 units

i AB = 1.4 units j AB = 10 units 3 a i cube ii cylinder

k AB = 7.1 units l AB = 10 units iii rectangular pyramid
iv trapezoidal prism v cone
3 a 26 b 26 c 32
vi triangular prism
d Isosceles because PQ = QR
b i prism ii neither
e 15.9 units
iii pyramid iv prism
4 a i 24 ii 120 b i 45 ii 8
Power plus 5 a 48° b 109° c 164° d (145 − k)°
1 DB, BC, EC, ED, DC
6 b KL = 60 mm
2 17.0 cm
7 a m = 72 (corresponding angles)
3 0.13 m
b w = 97 (co-interior angles)
4 209 cm, first work c k = 128 (alternate angles)
out x then use it in 190
d n = 75 (vertically opposite angles)
the right-angled rod x = 105 (co-interior angles)
triangle having the y = 105 (vertically opposite angles)
rod as hypotenuse to x e a = 114 (corresponding angles)
work out the length 70
t = 114 (vertically opposite angles)
of the rod. 50 f h = 56 (vertically opposite angles)
5 11.3 m (correct to one decimal place) v = 56 (corresponding angles)
6 48 cm 7 734.56 m 8 19.8 cm p = 124 (angles on a straight line)
9 a (175, 600, 625) b (612, 416, 740) g w = 114 (corresponding angles then angles on
c (10, 49.5, 50.5) a straight line)
10 a D (3, 2) E (1, 2) e = 66 (corresponding angles)
b (5, −1), (−3, 9), (−3, −1), (6, 8), (6, 0), (−4, 8), d = 66 (vertically opposite angles)
(−4, 0) h a = 120 (alternate angles)
b = 132 (co-interior angles)
Chapter 6 review c = 108 (angles at a point)
1 a CB bq c EG i n = 125 (co-interior angles)
2 a 55 cm b 175 mm c 113 mm d 9.9 m x = 125 (vertically opposite angles)
f = 125 (alternate angles)
3 a 42 mm b 16 cm c 16 mm d 122.2 mm
c = 125 (corresponding angles)
4 a No b Yes c Yes
8 a ∠DAC, ∠DCA, ∠BAC, ∠BCA, ∠DAB, ∠DCB
5 a 14.04 cm b 16.46 cm
b ∠ABC or ∠ADC
6 No, since the length of the diagonal of the c ∠DAC, ∠BAC or ∠DCA, ∠BCA
briefcase is 80 cm. d ∠DAC, ∠ACD, ∠ADC or ∠BAC, ∠BCA,
7 7.2 km ∠ABC
8 a and b y 9 a 103 b 32 c 35
W
5 10 b 27 mm c 147°
4 11 a d = 137 b m = 322
3 c m = 39 d a = 40, x = 140
e w = 22 f e = 56, n = 124, t = 34
2
12 C
1
13 a $390 b $764.40 c $904.80
x 14 a $65 500 b $63 720 c $17 328.40
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 15 a $627 b $7.48 c 87c d $154.55
−2 16 a Item B b Item A
P
17 a $1076.27 b $2152.55 c $4680
−3
d $26.91
c Horizontal side = 4 units, Vertical side = 7 units 18 28.46%
d 8.1 units 19 a $496.41 b $1218.75 c $320.32
20 a $1206.50 b 55.3%
21 John (by 50 cents)
22 a A bC 23 $869.70
Mixed revision 2 24 a i $57.60 ii $82.80 iii $313.20
1 a m = 103 b f = 54 c d = 132 b 560 c $518.40
2 a C bA
ANSWERS 601
25 a 22.7% b 21.4% c 24.9% h 5×p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q

26 a $14.45 b $218.20 c $3135.45 i 5×5×p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q
27 $994.50 j a×b×b×b
28 a $752.40 b $526.68 c $3536.28 k a×b×b×b×c×c
29 D l a×a×a×a×b×c×c
mm×m×m×n×n×n×n
30 a 28.09 b 113 c 10.79 d 19
n 2×y×y×y×a×a
e 2.6 f 13 g 3.67 h 8.30
o 4×4×a×a×a×m
31 a 6 cm b 8 cm c 12.5 m
6 a 16 b 27 c 25 d 64
32 a No, 502 ≠ 142 + 402 b Yes, 252 = 72 + 242 e 128 f 125 g 169 h 512
c Yes, 6.12 = 62 + 1.12 i 1296 j 343 k 1024 l 243
33 b 5.8 7 a 2751.261 b 0.021 c 0.026 d −610.352
34 67.1 cm 35 2.3 m e 1.611 f 2.733 g −0.132 h 0.032
36 a 24.2 cm b 4.2 m c 21.2 cm 8 a 3 b4 c 3 d2
37 86 mm e 12 f 4 g 6 h4
Exercise 7-02
Chapter 7 1 a 105 b 105 c 37
10 12 20
d 75
4
e 88
12
f 59
g 6 h4 i 11 j 2 k3 l 78
Start up 2 a x5 bg 8 c w 8 db 13 e p20 f r2
g y6 8
hm i n 10
1 a 16 b 32 c 9 d 125 e 100 000
f 49 g 64 h 243 i 512 3 a 6p7 b 12y12 c 18m9 d 5h11
2 a 64 b 100 c 64 d 81 e 24q11 f 10a7 g 30n16 h 30b9
e 16 f 1 000 000 i 3e10 j 50p5q k 16a4b5 l 20w9y5
3 a 52 b 45 c 63 d 36 e y2 m 10a3b4c3 n 10p5q9 o 20g4h6
f m5 g a3 h x6 i g4 4 a F bF c F dT e T f F
4 a 10 × 10 × 10 b 8×8 g T hF i T j T kF
c 1×1×1×1×1 d 2×2×2×2 5 a 256 b 200 c 102 400
e 3 f k×k d 30 375 e 729 f 1000
g w×w×w×w h d×d×d×d×d g 100 000 h 1 024 000
i p j c×c×c
5 a 2 b 17 c 9 d 15 e 10 Exercise 7-03
6 a 2 b3 c −2 d −6 e 10 1 a 56 b 99 c 224 d 7
e 100 f 84 g 2010 h 219
Exercise 7-01 i 660 j 84 k 36 l 27
1 a i 3 ii 7 iii Three to the power seven 2 a h16 b y6 c a8 d b
b i 7 ii 3 iii Seven to the power three e m0 f n6 g t9 h w24
c i k ii 4 iii k to the power four i e20 j d4 k p5 l w18
d i 4 ii k iii Four to the power k 3 a 2y12 b 5w6 c 8r6 d 30x
e i a ii n iii a to the power n e 5m8 f 2g6 g 2h9 h y4
2 a 54 b 102 c 83 d 64 e 322 f 95 i 3g56 j a4b k 9p4q2 l 20fg2
g 76 h 123 i 14 j 61 k 1012 m 10mn n 3x4y7 o 11e3f 8 p 4d 6r3
3 a a4 b m2 c y4 d q6 e p3 f r3 4 a F b F c T d F e T f F
g h5 h n5 i w1 g F h T i T
4 a 25 × 32 b 34 × 73 c 56 × 82 5 a 32 b 128 c 3.375 d 125
1 5 3 2 e 1 f 40.96
d 6x e 6k f x3y2
g 2
ab 3 h5n2 3 i p2q4
5 a 6×6×6×6 b 10 × 10 × 10
Exercise 7-04
c 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 10 × 10 × 10 1 a 46 b 516 c 312 d 228 e 22 f 93
d p×p×p×p e 5×p×p×p×p g 100 h 620 i 515 j 250 k 35 l 70
f 5×5×p×p×p×p m 220 n 134 o 416 p 318 q 518 r 1228
g p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q 2 a e8 b t25 c y21 d c5
e m 35 f y16 g h0 h q18

i w4 j x10 k n24 l d9 Exercise 7-07

m k50 n d12 o a64
1 1 1 1
--- --- --- ---
3 a 16d12 b 25m6 c 16y10 d 81x8 1 a 82 b 35 2 c (−10 ) 3 d 15 3
e 3125m30 f 8w15 g 10 000d20 h 27e3
1 1 1 1
i 2b4 j 36d12 k 243f 20 l 1024c30 --- --- --- ---
e 20 2 f ( −528) 3 g 100 3 h 72 2
m 81h20 n 36k2 o 64w6
1 1 1 1
4 a m30 b 125t3 c 256 d −x3 --- --- --- ---
2 a m2 b w3 c ( 8k ) 3 d ( ab ) 2
e y36 f 256w20 g −32d 5 h 2100
i −27p6
1 1 1 1
j 25m6 k 243f 25 l m8 --- --- --- ---
e ( 9y ) 3 f ( xy ) 2 g ( 18 f ) 2 h ( 10mn ) 3
5 a 64 b 81 c 1 000 000 d 25
e −8 f −4096 g 6561 h −15 625 3 a 8 b 7 c 10 d 25
e 0.2 f 0.5 g −4 h 32
i −2 j −9 k 14 l 30
Exercise 7-05
4 a 37 b 3 8 c d d 20
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 d1 e 1 f 1
g 1 h 1 i 1 j 1 k1 l 1 7
2 a 1 b 1 c 1 d1 e 1 f 1 e 43 p f 3 100h g 3c h 3 w
g 1 h 1 5 a 1.59 b 2.83 c 4.64 d 31.62
3 a 2 b 3 c −1 d3 e 1 f 2 e −3.68 f 33.33 g 1.90 h −0.20
g 3 h 6 i 4 j 9 k5 l 7
m5 n −3 o 0 p 1 1--2- q0 r 6
Exercise 7-08
1 a 211 b 1511 c 43 d 712
e 91 = 9 f 32 g 46 h 88
Exercise 7-06 i 719 j 28 k 7 =7
1 l 149
1 1 1 1
1 a ----2- b ----- c ----1- d -----
2 a x7 b w17 c m5 d k2
5 37 4 82
e 1
-------4- f 1
------ g 1
----3- h 1
-----2-
e m8 f y24 g a2 hp
10 m1 h w
i t13 j d4 k q7 l 6b7
1 1 1 1
i -------4- j --------- k ----8- l ----6- m 20d13 n 6c4 o 8e6
20 −11 k c
4 3 2 4 3 a 1 b 4 c 1 d7
2 a --- b ----5- c ----3- d ------
d x d m2 e 3 f 2 g 1 h4
a m2 w 4a 4 a 9m 10 baw 5 9 5
c xy 5
e ----- f ------4 g ----2- h ------
b2 n y c
d p4q11 e m7n5 f 6c5d8
3 15k 12 y 2 m2
i -----2- j --------
- k ----------- l ------4 g 20w8m5 h 24a3b6 i 48y17
p w4 m3 a
y 3 4x 1
j 2v k m2n l a8c4
m ----
-
3
n -----3- o ---------2-
m 4l 3d 2 n 3x3y3 o 8g2h6
d y vm
3 a 1
------- b 1
------ c 1
------------ d 1
--------------
5 a 7 b 64 c 16 d 1 e 25 f 31
2m xy 16h 2 125k 3 g 3 h1 i −8 j 4 k2 l 4
1 1 1 1
e --------- f ----------- g -----------4 h ------ 1
---
1
---
1
---
1
---
9h 2 64k 3 16c 8y
1 1 1 1 6 a 52 b d2 c ( 3y ) 2 d 10 3
4 a ---
9
b ------
64
c ---
6
d ------
49
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 --- --- --- ---
3
e ------
11
f ------
32
g ------
16
h ---------
100 e (4 p) 3
f ( xy ) 2
g 1000 3
h ( 3m n ) 2
5 a m−1 b w−1 c 8−1 d 9−1 e 2−2 7 a 1

----- b 1
------- c 1
------ d 1
----3-
78 2 10 15 y
f n−4 g 3− 4 h 10 −3 i e−3 j t −2
1 1 1 1
e ------ f ----- g -------- h ------
5x 92 10 3 ab
Skillbank 7 i 4
----8- j 1
--------- k 10
------ l p3
-----5-
2 a 625 b 3025 c 2025 d 7225 y 3a 2 d q
e 13 225 f 56.25 g 9025 h 38 025 m ----63- n m
------ o c2
----3- p 8t 3
-------4
i 2.25 j 4225 k 24 025 l 60 025 x w3 e m
4 a 441 b 10 201 c 961 d 8281 e 26.01 1 1 1 1

8 a ---
4
b ---
3
c ------
20
d ---------
125
f 6561 g 3721 h 40 401 i 1.21 j 50.41
1 1 1 1
6 a 3481 b 4761 c 7921 d 361 e 11 881 e ---------
512
f ----------------
10 000
g ------------
1296
h ---------
243
f 24.01 g 6241 h 141.61 i 1521 j 34.81
9 a 4−3 b 2−1 c 10−3 d 7−4
8 a 144 b 169 c 324
e w−1 f k−4 g d−7 h 3−3
d 361 e 121 f 2.56
ANSWERS 603
10 a 1--8- b 256 c 4 d 27 3 a 6 × 102, 6 × 103, 6 × 105

e 1 f 1 g 1 h 3125 b 7.3 × 109, 5.5 × 109, 3.8 × 109
1 1 c 3 × 10−6, 3 × 10−5, 3 × 10−4
i 2 j 1 k --- l ---
9 6 d 9.5 × 10−3, 6.4 × 10−3, 4.1 × 10−3
e 4.9 × 10−4, 3.5 × 100, 5.3 × 104
Exercise 7-09 f 6.9 × 101, 4.3 × 10−4, 2.1 × 10−8
1 a 1.52 × 108 km b 1.3 × 105 kg g 6.3 × 102, 9.76 × 101, 8 × 10−4, 5 × 10−9
−
c 2.9 × 10 cm7 d 8 × 10−5 m 4 a China, Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, South
e 3 × 10 m/s
8 f 4 × 1013 km Africa, Australia, Cambodia, Lebanon, New
−
g 2 × 10 g21 h 1.2 × 10−4 m Zealand, Tonga
i 6.1 × 102 cm j 1 × 10−10 m b China, Australia, Indonesia, South Africa,
k 7.7 × 1020 m l 1 × 10−6 s Japan, Vietnam, New Zealand, Cambodia,
Lebanon, Tonga
m 2.2 × 106 light years
2 a 2.4 × 103 b 7.86 × 105 c 5.5 × 107
d 9.5 × 10 1 e 7.8 × 100 f 3.48 × 108
Exercise 7-11
1 a 6 × 108 b 2 × 105 c 8 × 1015
g 5.967 × 10 h 1.5 × 10
4 1 i 3 × 108
d 3 × 106 e 2.4 × 1016 f 5 × 104
j 8 × 101 k 7.63 × 10 l 2.47 × 101
2
g 1.024 × 1018 h 1.8 × 107 i 4 × 10−6
m 4.563 × 10 n 8.007 × 100 o 9.0576 × 103
2
j 3 × 10−12 k 4 × 1015 l 7 × 109
3 a 3.5 × 10−2 b 7.6 × 10−5 c 8 × 10−1
2 a 2.856 × 10 16 b 8.3094 × 1015
d 7.13 × 10−2 e 3 × 10−6 f 9.13 × 10−1 −
− − c 4.53 × 10 6 d 3.15 × 10−11
g 7.146 × 10 h 9 × 10
6 3 i 1 × 10−6 −
− − e 3.01 × 10 6 f 6.3 × 109
j 8.9 × 10 1 k 7.8 × 10 8 l 1 × 10−1
g 1.024 × 10 19 h 2 × 10−3
4 a 2.5 × 104 b 4.4 × 106 c 1.85 × 108
i 3.81 × 10 13 j 1.14 × 1017
d 7 × 100 e 4 × 10−1 f 2.7 × 10−2
− 3 a 4.25 × 1013 b 2.15 × 1035
g 8.75 × 10 h 6.7 × 10
4 0 i 2.0345 × 1010
− c 7.04 × 1030 d 4.68 × 105
j 9 × 10 10 k 7.3 × 10 1 l 6 × 10−2
− e 8.12 × 1013 f 2.27 × 1036
m 5.52 × 10 n 2.299 × 10 o 3.5 × 106
1 3
g 5.45 × 1050 h 6.46 × 108
p 5.637 × 102 q 1 × 10−4 r 7.03 × 100
i 1.81 × 10−4 j 9.50 × 102
s 2.7 × 10 8 t 4.004 × 10 u 5 × 101
2
5 a 5700 b 570 c 57 d 5.7 4 a 1.2 × 10 9 b 3.2 × 1013 c 3 × 1015

e 0.57 f 0.057 g 0.0057 h 800 d 4 × 10 16 e 7 × 1019 f 1 × 104
g 3 × 10 −4 h 2 × 109
i 80 j 8 k 0.8 l 0.08
6 a 600 000 b 7100 5 a 4 × 1033
c 302 000 000 d 3.14 b No, the decimal part has been correctly
e 0.000 06 f 0.0071 rounded to three significant figures. But, the
g 0.000 000 030 2 h 0.000 000 000 59 power of ten is incorrect.
i 1 100 000 000 000 j 0.0004 6 a 5.7 × 105 b 3.3 × 102 c 1.0 × 106
k 5000 l 0.000 476 d 5.5 × 10 −1 e 1.2 × 10 −2 f 1.7 × 10−5
m 0.803 n 63 200 g 3.9 × 10 8 h 4.2 × 10 0
o 0.016 p 0.000 000 22
7 a 3.78 × 1019 atoms
q 9 000 000 r 0.111
b i 507 seconds ii 8.44 minutes
7 a 2 × 100 b 9 × 101 c 7 × 102
8 a 2.3 × 10−2 mm b 1.9 × 1014 tonnes
d 4 × 103 e 5 × 106 f 3 × 10 −1
− −
c 1.7 × 103 m/s = 1.7 km/s
g 7 × 10 2 h 5 × 10 6 i 1.5 × 10 −1
d 9.5 × 1012 km/year
j 1.5 × 10 3 k 3 × 105 l 6 × 10 −3
e 4.3 years
8 a 1 b0 c −6 d 10 e −2 f 2
f 2.7 × 106 km/s = 2.7 × 109 m/s
g −1 h0 i −4 j 5
g i 1.1 × 10−4 s ii 100 s
Exercise 7-10 9 a 9.999 999 999 × 1099
b 1 × 10−99
1 a 8 × 108 b 2.7 × 105 c 1.3 × 107
d 6.3 × 10−7 e 9.3 × 109 f 9.3 × 102
g 3.04 × 100 h 4.5 × 10−5 i 2 × 10−15
Power plus
1 a m4 b g11 c f2
j 9.7 × 10−2

d w−1 = 1
---- e g−5 = 1
----- f ab−1 = a
--- d 1
------ e 1
----1- f 1
----2-
w g5 b m5 y y
g cd 2 h x6y3 1 1 3
g ----3- h ------------- i ----1-
2 a 512 b 256 c 625 y ( 3 x )1 x
d 1
---
8
= 0.125 e 16
1
------ = 0.0625 f 5 8 a 64 b 3 64 c 3 -1
----- d 3
q
15
8
g 2 h 1600 i 1 000 000
10 3 4 3
j 2 k4 l 3200 e p f 2q g 4a h xy
3 a 4 2y b1 c 102x d 36 i 8k
e 9a2 f 32a g 53n h 8x
9 a 5.5 × 104 b 5.5 × 10−1 c 2.5 × 105
4 a 3x2 + 2x b n2 + n5 c 5b − b5
4
d 2.5 × 10 −4 e 8 × 100 f 8 × 10−11
d p3q − pq3 10 a 8100 b 60 000 000 c 3.075
5 a 2x2 b 3p3 c 6 d 10 e a d 0.0081 e 0.000 0006 f 0.030 75
f y g 2m2 h 3p2 i 2n 11 a 3.5 × 107, 6.8 × 107, 7.5 × 107
6 a 4 16 b 4 81 c 5 32 d 7 128 b 9 × 10 −8, 4 × 100, 3 × 103
c 5.7 × 10 −7, 4.4 × 10 −3, 3.1 × 10 −1
e 4 x f 5 m g 6 k h 10 d
12 6.23 × 10 −2, 8.6 × 10 −1, 3.7 × 102, 7.25 × 104
i 5 −32 j n y 13 a 2.701 × 10−13 b 4 × 105
7 a a4 b 4p4 c 2y3 d 3y5 c 1.25 × 10 17 d 2.5 × 10−4
e 10g10 f 4k8 g n4 h 4h5 14 a 9 × 10 b 2 × 10 c 9 × 108 d 3 × 109
16 13
-1 -1 -1
----- ----- -----
2 3 3
8 a 1
-----1 =8 b 1
--------1 = 84 c 1
-----1 =d
--- --- ---
82 84 3
-1
d3
Chapter 8
-----
2
d 1
-----------------1- = ( 20m ) Start up
---
( 20m ) 2
1 A(2, 4) B (6, 1) C(−4, 10)
9 a 9.42 × 1010 b 9.42 × 10−9 D(−7, 0) E(5.5, −3) F(−2, −7)
10 a 6.7 × 106 b 1.57 × 107 G(0, −2) H(12, 4.5) I(9, 9)
c 5.78 × 1010 d 4 × 109 J(−3, 0) K(−8, −4) L(0, −9)
M(3, 8) N(9, −5) P(−6, 6)
e 3.2 × 109 f 1.27 × 108
Q(2, 1) R(−6, −1) S(6, −7)
T(0, 10) U(0, 6) V(−5, −5)
Chapter 7 review W(2, −5) X(−7, −9) Y(−11, 2)
1 a 43 b 62 c 101 Z(−1.5, 7.5)
d x4 e y2 f m1n3 2 a i y=2 ii y = 12
g 42 × 73 hab 2 2 i 32a3 iii y = −3 iv y = −18
2 a y13 b a5 c h10 b i y=5 ii y=4
d 6p7 e 9q11 f 10m8 iii y = 8 iv y=6
g 15x8y h 30x3y3 i 20a4b5 3 a x −2 −1 0 1 2
3 a F bT c T dT
y 4 5 6 7 8
e F f F
4 a 416 b x6 c b11 b x −2 −1 0 1 2
d 2e12 e 5n6 f 8g6 y −6 −3 0 3 6
g p4q h 9a4b2 i 20xy2
5 a a8 by 25 c b3 c x −2 −1 0 1 2
d 32x15 e 125r 6 f 256w16 y 5 3 1 −1 −3
g a4b2 4
h 25a b 2 i 100g2
6 a 1 b 1 c 1 d1 e 1 f q d x −2 −1 0 1 2
g 2 h 16 i 4 1
y 0 ---
2
1 1 1--2- 2
1 1 1
7 a ----- b ----2- c --------------1-
81 8 ( 9m )
4 a B bA c C dB
ANSWERS 605
5 a y d y
5 4
4 3
3 2
2 1
1
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
−1
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 x
−1 −2
−2 −3
−3 −4
−4 −5
−5
6 a 7.8 m b 10.8 mm c 12.1 m
−6 d 9.8 mm e 6.7 mm f 9.2 m
7 a 2 b7 c 6 d2 e 11
f −1 g 4.5 h −4 i −3.5
b 8 a −2 b − --12- c 2
---
5
d 2
---
5
e 3
---
5
y f − 3--4- g − 3--5- h − 5--2- i 5
---
3
j − 8--3-
5
4 Exercise 8-01
3 1 a y y=x+4
2 6
1 5
4
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
−1 3
−2 2
−3 1
−4
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
−5 −1
−6 −2
−3
−4
c y −5
5
i x-intercept = −4 ii y-intercept = 4
4
b y
3 4
2 3
1 2
y=x−3
0 1 1
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 x
−1
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 4 x
−2 −1
2 3
−3 −2
−4 −3
−5
i x-intercept = 3 ii y-intercept = −3

c y f y
y = 2x + 2
6 5
5 4
4 y = −1 − x 3
3 2
2 1
1
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
−1 −2
−2 −3
−3 −4
i x-intercept = −1 i x-intercept = −1
ii y-intercept = 2 ii y-intercept = −1
d y=6−x y
g y
6 4
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
0 1 x
1 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
x −1
0 1 −2
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
−3
y = −x
−2
−4
−3
i x-intercept = 0
i x-intercept = 6 ii y-intercept = 0
ii y-intercept = 6
h y
e y
y = 3x
6
10
5
8
4
6
3
4
2
2
1
x
− 6 −4 − 2 2 4 6 8 10
−2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x −2
−1
−4
−2
−6 y = 10 − 4x
−3
i x-intercept = 0 i x-intercept = 2.5

ii y-intercept = 0 ii y-intercept = 10
ANSWERS 607
i y l y
5 5
4 4
3 3
x+2
y = ––––
2
2 2
1 1 5−x
y = ––––
2
0 1 x 0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 −1
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4
−5
i x-intercept = −2
ii y-intercept = 1
i x-intercept = 5
ii y-intercept = 2 1--2-
j y y = 2x + 1
m y
5 5
4 4
3 3 2x
2 y = ––
3
2
1 1
0 1 x
−2 − 1 2 3 4 5 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 x
−1 −1
2 3 4 5
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4
−5
i x-intercept = − 1--2-
ii y-intercept = 1
i x-intercept = 0
ii y-intercept = 0
k
y
5 n y
x
y = –2 + 3 5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0 1 x
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
−1
−2
−2 x+y=4
−3
−3
−4
−4
−5
i x-intercept = −6
ii y-intercept = 3 i x-intercept = 4
ii y-intercept = 4

o y c y
x
5 6 y = –2 + 6
x−y=2
4 5
3 4
2 3
1 2
x 1
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
−1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
−2 −1
−3 −2
−4 −3
−5 −4 y = −x
−6
Lines intersect at (−4, 4)

i x-intercept = 2
ii y-intercept = −2 d y
y=x+3
5
2 a y y = 2x + 1 4
5
y=x 3
4
2
3
1
2
0 1 x
1 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 y=5−x
0 1 x −2
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
−3
−2
−3
Lines intersect at (1, 4)
−4
e y
Lines intersect at (−1, −1) 5 y = 3x − 2
4
b y 3
5 y = 2x
2
4 y=x−2 1
3
0 x
2 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 1 2 3 4 5
−1
1
−2
0 1 x −3
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
−4
−2 y = −x
−3
−4
Lines intersect at ( 1--2- , − 1--2- )
Lines intersect at (−2, −4)
ANSWERS 609
f y c y
5 6
y = 2x
4 5
3 4
2 x−3
3
y = –––– y=3
2
1 2
x 1
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
−1 x
0
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−2 −1
−3 −2
−4 −3
x=7
Lines intersect at (−1, −2)

d y
5 x = 2 –2
1
4
Exercise 8-02 3
2
y=1
1 a y 1
5
0 1 x
4 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
3
−2
2
−3
1 y = −3
−4
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
−2 e
y
−3
6
−4
x = −1 x=2 x=5 5
4
b y 3
y=2
6 2
y=6
5 1
4
y=4 0 1 x
3 − 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
2 −2
y = −3
1 −3
x = −6 x=4
0 1 x −4
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
y = −1
−2
−3
−4
−5

f y 4 a i y=2 ii y = −1 iii y = −4 iv y = −3
5 v y=4 vi y = −1 1--2- vii y = 8 viii y = 5
4 b i x = −5 ii x = 4 iii x = 2 iv x = 8
3 v x=0 vi x = −2 --12- vii x = 11 viii x = −3
2
1 Exercise 8-03
1 a (8, 7) b (7, 8) c (4.5, 9)
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 d (4.5, 4) e (2, 3) f (4, 5)
−1
y = −1 g (7, −1) h (1, 4) i (−3, −3)
−2 j (−1, −9) k (6, −3) l (0.5, −3)
−3 m (−8, −8) n (−9, −5) o (−3, −2)
−4 2 a (4, 10) b (−3, 2) c (−10, 7)
y = −4 d (−5, 7) e (3, 12) f (4, −2)
−5
1
x = −1–2 x=5 g (1.2, 1) h (3.5, 7.75) i (2.75, −1.5)
j (−4.25, 5.25)
g y 3 a (2, 3) b (−1, 1) c (5, 5)
5 1
x = −2 x= –
4 2 Exercise 8-04
3 1 a 7.3 b 7.2 c 8.2
d 14.3 e 7.1 f 14.3
2
2 a 45 , 6.7 b 72 , 8.5 c 128 , 11.3
1
d 80 , 8.9 e 74 , 8.6 f 65 , 8.1
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 g 45 , 6.7 h 306 , 17.5 i 10 , 3.2
−2 y = −1–2
1
j 25 , 5.0 k 72 , 8.5 l 13 , 3.6
−3 3 a 24.6 b 23.2 c 23.5 d 28 e 20.3
−4
−5
Skillbank 8
2 a (2, 2) b (−5, −7) c (4, −4)
−6
y = −6 d (8, 1) e (6, 4) f (−2, −5)
g (1, 5) h (−8, 10) i (−4, 0)
h
j (−4, −10) k (12, 2) l (−15, −1)
y
5
4
Exercise 8-05
1 a N bP c P
3 dP e X f N
2 g X
1 y = 1 –2
1 2 It is either horizontal or vertical.
3 a 2 b − 1--4- c −5 d −1 e 3
--- f 7
---
0 1 x 7 3
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1 g 2
--- h − --87- i 2
---
3 5
−2
4 a 3
--- b − -----
1
- c −6 d − 10
------ e 5
--- f 1
---
−3 5 12 3 3 5
x= − 1–2 x=6
−4 g − -----
17
4
- h5 i −6
−5 5 a 1 b 1
--- c −5 d − 1--2- e 0 f − 1--2-
3
−6
y = −6 g 7
--- h −2 i 1
--- j 2
--- k −12
4 2 3
2 a x-axis b y-axis l undefined m2 n2 o 6 p0
3 a y=6 b x=4 c x = −1
6 a − 1--2- b5 c 2
--- d7 e − 1--6- f 5
---
d y = −2 e y=3 f x = −1 3 2
g y=6 h y = −4 i x = −1 g − 7--2-
j x=5
ANSWERS 611

x1 + x2 y1 + y2 1 a No b Yes c Yes d No
1 Midpoint =  -----------------
 2
, ----------------
2 
-
e Yes f No g No h Yes
2 a (8, 5) b (4, 5) c (15, 11) i Yes
d (4, 3) e (2, 4) f (1, 1.5) 2 a Yes b Yes c No d No
g (−3.5, −3) h (−4, −1) i (2, −1) e Yes f No g No h Yes
j (4, −1.5) k (−1.5, 5) l (1.5, 8) 3 b Lines intersect at (3, 2)
m (−3, −4) n (3, 6) o (1, 4) 6 d Yes, they all pass through (1, 4)
p (−3, −3) q (−4.5, −4) r (−8.5, −6) 7 a (2, 3)
s (−9, −15) t (−4.5, −9.5) b i Yes ii No iii Yes
3 d= ( x2 – x1 ) + ( y2 – y1 )
2 2 c y = x + 1 y = 2x − 1
4 a 4.2 b 3.6 c 8.9 d 10.0
e 10 f 9.4 g 6.7 h 9.5
Power plus
i 6.3 j 15 k 11.4 l 12.5 1 a (6, 4)
b Right-angled, isosceles
5 a 89 b 18 c 194 d 41 c Because ∆CTU is right-angled, isosceles
e 82 f 82 g 5 h 181 d (3, 2) and (3, −3) or (−7, 2) and (−7, −3)
e (2, 1)
i 10 2 a A(−3, 3), B(7, 3)
6 m=
y2 – y1
----------------
- b C(−6, −6), D(−6, 2)
x2 – x1
c (5, 3), (−7, 3), (−1, −3), (−1, 9)
7 a 4
--- b1 c 4 d 1
--- e −1
------ f −3
------
d (8, 1), (5, 4), (5, −2)
3 2 5 5
3 a (1, 6), (6, 1), (−4, 1), (−2, 5), (5, 4)
−1 −3
g ------
2
h −7 i 1 j 12
------
5
k ------
2
l 7 (−3, −2), (4, −3), (−2, −3), (5, −2)
b A circle with centre (1, 1) and radius 5 units.
m2 n 3
---
5
o 3 p 2
---
3
q −1 r 6 c (14, 1) (−12, 1) (1, 14) (1, −12)
s −11 t −2
------
(−11, 6) (−11, −4) (13, 6) (13, −4)
3 (−4, 13) (−4, −11) (6, 13) (6, −11)
8 a i (7, 5) ii 20 iii 2 4 a (11, 18) b (14, 4) c (13, −4)
d (6, 4) e (−6, 11) f (6, −14)
b i (0.5, 8) ii 17 iii −4
g (10, −2) h (5, 2)
c i (5, −2) ii 128 iii 1 5 x = 0 and y = 0, x = 0 and y = 6
d i (−6, 5) ii 32 iii −1 x = 8 and y = 6, y = 0 and x = 8
(There are more.)
e i (−2, −1) ii 580 iii 9
---
8
f i (14, 11) ii 148 iii 1

---
6
Chapter 8 review
3 1 a y
g i (−0.5, 0.5) ii 130 iii ------ y = 4x
11 6
h i (4, −9) ii 8 iii −1 5
i i (−1, 7) ii 296 iii 5

--- 4
7
2 3
j i (−3, 15) ii 52 iii ---
3
2
9 a 7.071 b5 c 6.403 d 18.5
1
−4
10 a (−4, 1) b (9, −3) c 13.6 d ------
13
0 1 x
11 a KL = PM = 52 units − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1
KP = LM = 52 units −2
b 28.8 units (to one decimal place) −3
c 104 units d 52 units2 −4
12 a AB = 20 units, AC = 20 units,
BC = 8 units
b Yes, AB = AC
c Isosceles triangle

b y f y
y = 2x − 4
4 10
3 9
2 8
1 7
6
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 5
−2 4
y = 10 − 2x
−3 3
−4 2
1
c y
0 1 x
y = 3 − 3x
6 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
5
4
g y
3
10
2 y = 4 + 3x
9
1 8
0 1 x 7
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 6
−2 5
−3 4
−4 3
2
d y
y= –x +6 1
7 2
6 0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
5 −1
4 −2
3
2 h y
8
1
7
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 6
−1
5
e y 4
y = 2x − 5
4 3
3 2 x−3
y = ––––
2
2 1
1
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 x −1
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 −2
−2 −3
−3
−4
−5
ANSWERS 613
i y a i y ii y
7 y = 3x + 1
6
0 x 0 x
5
4
3
iii y
2
1
0 1 x 0 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
−2
−3 b AB, m = − 5--4- ; CD, m = 3--2- ; EF, m = 0;
−4
GH, m = 9--2- ; IJ, m = − 1--6- ; KL, m = − 1--4- ;
MN, m = 1
---
7
2 a (−3, 6) b (5, 2) c (−1, −2) x1 + x2 y1 + y2
3 a Intersect at (3, 4) b Intersect at (−2, 1) 9 a midpoint =  -----------------
 2
, ----------------
2 
-
c Intersect at (6, 4) d Intersect at (0, 0) 2 2

b d= ( x2 – x1 ) + ( y2 – y1 )
y2 – y1
4 a c m= ----------------
x2 – x1
-
y
5 10 a i (2, 7) ii 4.5 units iii −2
1
4 b i (6, 0) ii 13.4 units iii ---
2
3 1
y=2
c i (0, 3) ii 4.5 units iii ---
2
2 d i (7, −2) ii 4.5 units iii −2
1 1
e i (3, 0.5) ii 6.7 units iii ---
2
1
0 1 x f i (−4, 6.5) ii 12.4 units iii ---
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 4
−1 −1
g i (2, −2) ii 6.3 units iii ------
−2 3
−3 h i (5, −0.5) ii 5.4 units iii 5

---
x = −4 x=3 2
−2
−4 i i (4, 5) ii 14.6 units iii ------
7
−5 j i (−5, 5) ii 8.5 units iii 1
y = −6
−6 11 a i Yes ii Yes iii No
iv Yes v Yes vi Yes
vii No viii Yes
Area of rectangle = 56 units2
b i Yes ii Yes iii Yes
iv Yes v No vi Yes
b x=0 c y=0
d i y=4 ii x = −1 iii y = 6
5 a (3, 7) b (−4, 4) c (−1, 2)
d (0.5, −1.5) e (3, 9) f (3.5, −5) Chapter 9
g (3, −6) h (−3, 3) i (5, 5)
j (−4.5, 7.5) Start up
6 AB = 7.6 units, CD = 13.2 units, EF = 7.1 units,
1 a 2000 mm b 7.5 cm c 9400 m
GH = 10.4 units, IJ = 14.3 units, KL = 12.2 units,
d 3.4 m e 1.45 km f 7m
MN = 7.1 units
2 a 40 cm b 68 cm c 56 cm
7 a 26.7 units b 28.5 units
3 a 100 cm2 b 264 cm2 c 84 cm2
8 Various positions of lines on axes are possible but
they will all resemble the directions of those 4 a 1200 b 0300 c 1900
given here. d 0130 e 1615

5 a 5h b 7h c 7h d 3 h 30 min Skillbank 9B
e 6h f 5 h 15 min
2 a 8:45am b 1:20pm c 5:50pm
d 12:17am e 9:05pm f 6:32pm
Skillbank 9A g 11:15am h 2:38am i 2:40pm
2 a 895.4 b 37 c 83.1 j 3:20am k 4:55pm l 11:31pm
d 4200 e 5271.6 f 1561 m 1:08am n 10:18am o 8:00pm
g 31 840 h 6430 i 22.4 p 6:43am
j 48.94 k 7389 l 1142 4 a 1835 hours b 0805 hours
4 a 73.34 b 0.94 c 6.52 c 1145 hours d 2320 hours
d 0.104 e 0.704 f 1.985 e 0221 hours f 1230 hours
g 0.02 h 4.159 i 12.3 g 1548 hours h 1911 hours
j 0.007 58 k 0.0849 l 0.0251 i 0908 hours j 2150 hours
k 0042 hours l 0739 hours
Exercise 9-01 m 0159 hours n 2218 hours
1 a 8000 mL b 180 min o 1046 hours p 1723 hours
c 10 000 m d 72 h
e 5000 kg f 250 mm Exercise 9-03
g 900 s h 8500 cm 1 a 3h b 5h
i 750 000 mg j 36 000 L c 15 h d 5 h 30 min
k 67 000 g l 1500 mL e 6 h 30 min f 7 h 30 min
m 67 mm n 3500 m g 3 h 45 min h 7 h 52 min
o 9400 kg p 3750 mg i 6 h 55 min
q 425 cm r 200 g 2 a 24 h b 8h
s 26 200 mL t 300 m c 20 h d 31 h 10 min
u 100 500 L e 59 h f 52 h
2 a 900 000 cm b 3 000 00 mL 45 9
c 5760 min d 6 000 000 g 3 6.45 h means 6 --------
100
- h (or 6 ------ h or 6 h 27 min) and
20
e 54 000 s f 25 000 mm 6 h 45 min is 6 3--4- h or 6.75 h
g 270 000 cm h 5 000 000 mg
i 72 000 L j 700 mm 4 a 3 h 30 min b 2 h 42 min
k 8 000 000 mm l 432 000 s c 4 h 45 min d 8 h 3 min
m 12 000 000 000 mg n 29 375 000 g e 12 h 27 min
o 18 140 000 mm p 500 000 000 mg f 9 h 25 min 12 s ≈ 9 h 25 min
q 35 000 cm r 1000 mg g 5 h 34 min 48 s ≈ 5 h 35 min
3 a 3 km b 6.5 L c 25 days h 11 h 28 min 48 s ≈ 11 h 29 min
d 25 kg e 8 kL f 9 cm 5 a 20th b 21st c 19th d 7th e 16th
g 3 min h 4h i 40 m 6 a 23 years b 18 years c 90 years
j 900 t k 4g l 0.25 km d 350 years e 2960 years f 2950 years
m 0.375 L n 14.7 t o 8.6 g 7 a 0500 hours b 1700 hours
p 7.5 m q 22.3 cm r 0.8 kg c 0745 hours d 1945 hours
s 0.125 kL t 0.0035 t u 0.0005 kL e 1200 hours f 1303 hours
4 a 0.55 kL b 8 km c 17 kg g 0103 hours h 0027 hours
d 5 days e 45 t f 40 h i 1227 hours j 0000 hours
g 500 m h 85 km i 0.375 t 8 a 9:00am b 9:00pm c 10:30am
j 1 day k 0.025 km l 0.6 kg d 10:30pm e 4:17am f 4:17pm
m 0.075 kL n 1.45 km o 9.78 m g 6:49pm h 6:49am i 2:22am
p 0.012 t q 34.7 m r 0.006 23 t j 2:22pm
9 a 3 h 25 min b 6 h 20 min
Exercise 9-02 c Sunday d May 4th
1 a ± 25 mL b ± 0.5 cm c ± 0.25°C e No, she will be 5 minutes late.
d ± 2.5 min e ± 5 km/h f ± 10 mL 10 a 4:05pm b 1:50pm c 11:08am
2 a 700 mL ± 25 mL b 15 cm ± 0.5 cm d 11:37pm e 2:10am f 3:35pm
c 55 mm ± 2.5 mm d 6 h 40 min ± 2.5 min 11 a 1 h 55 min b 12:35pm c 8:30pm
e 6000 L ± 50 L f 24 kg ± 0.5 kg 12 1:37pm
g 130 km/h ± 5 km/h h 3 min 55 s ± 2.5 s 13 7 h 50 min
i 220 mL ± 5 mL j 340 kg ± 10 kg
ANSWERS 615
14 a 11:20am b 7:48am c 2:19pm 8 48 cm 9 $4270

d 7:58am 10 Length 60 cm, width 30 cm
15 a 5 min b 8h c 5 h 47 min 11 a 360 m b 6 complete laps
d 7 h 0 min e 2 h 11 min f 4 h
g 3h h 2h i 7h Exercise 9-06
j 1 h 14 min 1 a 94.25 m b 59.69 m c 88.59 m
16 a 2 h 16 min b 30 min d 120.95 m e 50.27 m f 32.67 m
c 1 h 30 min g 71.00 m h 160.85 m
17 a 2 h b 3h c 3h d 6h 1
e 5h f 1h 2 a i 90° ii ---
4
iii 12.6 m iv 28.6 m
18 a 1 h b 6h c 9h b i 180° ii 1
--- iii 28.3 m iv 46.3 m
2
19 a 3 min b 51 min c 8 min
20 4 h 11 min ≈ 4 h c i 270° ii 3
--- iii 21.2 m iv 30.2 m
4
21 1 h 7 min
1
22 a i 1455 hours ii 2:55pm d i 60° ii ---
6
iii 36.7 m iv 106.7 mm
b 30/266 c 2 h 10 min 7
e i 280 ii --- iii 58.6 m iv 82.6 m
d 1830 hours or 6:30pm 9
23 a i 4:00am ii 10:00pm the previous day f i 140° ii 7
------ iii 97.7 mm iv 177.7 mm
iii 1:00am iv 8:15am 18
b i 3:00am the next day 3 a 52.15 m b 78.54 cm

ii Midnight c 167.83 mm d 12.34 m
iii 8:00am the next day e 307.08 mm f 34.27 cm
iv 10:30am g 139.67 m h 33.56 m
24 a i Midnight on the previous day i 94.25 cm
ii 5:00pm the previous day 4 a 182.8 cm b 72.8 cm c 121.1 mm
b i 2:00am the next day d 129.1 m e 554.2 cm f 1416.7 mm
ii 5:00pm the next day g 104.0 m h 46.6 cm i 56.5 m
5 a 31 cm b 201 cm c 251 cm
Exercise 9-04 6 40 laps
1 a 5700 m or 5.7 km b 1000 cm or 10 m 7 4.9 m
c 15 000 mm or 15 m d 12.6 km 8 a 40 074 km b 47 614 km
2 a i 200 ii 500 iii 2000 iv 20 000 9 a 19 cm b 18.85 m
b David 2000, Pat 2500 10 a 399 m b 406 m c 7m
c 225 d 80
3 233 cm Exercise 9-07
4 16 370 mm 1 a 8 cm2 b 13 cm2 c 19 cm2
5 25 laps d 6–7 cm 2
6 22.5 m 2 a i 12 ii 25 iii 37
b i 813 600 km2 ii 1 700 000 km2
Exercise 9-05 iii 2 508 600 km2
1 a 30 m b 65 m c 36 cm
6 450 m2, 600 m2
d 45 mm e 39.1 cm f 31.6 m
2 a 36 m b 40 m c 45 m
d 32 m e 30 m f 40 m
Exercise 9-08
g 66 m h 405 m i 84 m 1 a 31.5 m2 b 81 m2 c 52.5 m2
j 228 m k 12.2 m l 44 m d 56 m2 e 50 m2 f 21 m2
3 a 44 cm b 68 cm c 39 cm g 97.5 m2 h 900 m2 i 625 m2
d 56 cm j 399 m2 k 76.5 m2 l 126 m2
4 a 76 m b 104 m c 240 m 2 a 96 cm2 b 45 cm2 c 84 cm2
d 200 m e 172 m f 150 m d 300 cm2 e 540 cm2 f 180 cm2
5 a 60 m, 144 m b 85 m, 204 m 3 a 960 mm2 b 352 mm2 c 2200 mm2
c 60 m, 132 m d 12 m, 84 m d 540 mm2 e 630 mm2 f 1824 mm2
e 65 m, 316 m f 45 m, 230 m
4 a 75 m2 b 220 m2 c 392 m2
6 a 270 mm b 360 mm
d 108 m2 e 232 m2 f 133 m2
7 16 sides

5 a i 4 cm ii 16 cm f i Rectangular prism ii Open at one end

b i 6 cm ii 24 cm iii 1176 cm2
c i 9m ii 36 m 2 a 253.5 m2 b 4140 cm2 c 103 680 cm2
d i 12 mm ii 48 mm
d 125.36 m e 9600 mm2 f 9680 cm2
2
e i 1.55 m ii 6.2 m
3 a 3600 m2 b 2020 m2 c 348 cm2
6 a 44 m2 b $1034 2 2
4 a 408 m b 348 m c 360 m2
7 a 2.5 m b 31.25 m2 2
d 648 m
8 900 cm2
5 a 1344 m2 b 1248 m2 c 2300 m2
9 a 100 cm2 b 50 cm
Power plus
Exercise 9-09 1 a Square: 10 cm by 10 cm; rectangle: 20 cm by
1 a 300 mm2 b 172.5 mm2 c 90 mm2 5 cm
d 360 mm2 e 120 mm2 f 72 mm2 b Rectangle: 6 cm by 4 cm; triangle: base 6 cm,
g 66.5 mm2 h 510 mm2 i 112 mm2 height 8 cm
2 a 84 m2 b 52.25 m2 c 800 mm2 c Parallelogram: base 9 cm, height 4 cm; square:
d 190 m2 e 144 cm2 f 3.15 m2 6 cm by 6 cm
g 84 cm2 h 144.6 m2 i 840 mm2 2 P = 70.83 m, A = 125.66 m2
3 a 46 m2 b 140 cm2 c 24 m2 3 33.9 cm
d 168 cm2 e 100.8 cm2 f 27.3 m2 4 17 cm
5 60 cm
4 a 325 m2 b 141 m2 c 7.8 m2
6 628 m2
5 a 288 cm2 b 432 cm2 c 216 cm2
7 a A = (x + 2) × (x + 2) = x2 + 4x + 4
Exercise 9-10 P = 4x + 8
πw 2 πw
1 a 201.1 m2 b 84.9 m2 c 401.1 m2 b A= ----------
8
or 1--8- πw2, P = -------
2
+w
2
d 2058.9 m e 706.9 m 2 f 283.5 m2
h2
g 624.6 m 2 h 1164.2 m 2 c A= -----
2
or 1--2- h2, P = 2h + 2h
2 a 509 m2 b 79 m2 c 1 m2 8 a 80 m2, $8400 b 171.4 m2
d 1056 m2 e 2566 m2 f 9 m2 9 464 cm2
g 6 m2 h 4618 m2
3 a 2228 cm2 b 293 cm2 c 952 cm2 Chapter 9 review
d 442 cm 2 e 63 cm 2 f 71 cm2 1 a 8000 m b 67 mm c 900 s
g 370 cm 2 h 942 cm 2 i 52 cm2 d 700 mm e 5760 min f 9400 kg
4 a 503 cm 2 b 151 cm 2 c 193 cm2 g 250 kg h 4h i 125 000 L
d 743 cm 2 e 4664 cm 2 f 471 cm2 j 0.025 km k 17 kg l 0.175 kL
g 1383 cm 2 h 11 cm 2 i 314 cm2 2 a 70 m ± 2.5 m b 1400 L ± 50 mL
3 a 6 h 30 min
5 a 20 056 m2 b $9025
2
b i 2 h 15 min ii 5 h 21 min
6 1.2 m iii 8 h 2 min 24 s iv 10 h 13 min 48 s
7 a 35 m2 (to the nearest m2) b $1137.50 c i 21st ii 20th
8 a 4810 m2 b $240.49 iii 18th iv 4th
9 a 10 m 2 b 40% d i 1020 ii 2336
iii 0905 iv 1214
Exercise 9-11 e i 3:15pm ii 5:41am
iii 9:27am iv 10:47pm
1 a i Cube ii Closed iii 600 cm2
4 a 2m b 15 m c Approximately 42 cm
b i Rectangular prism ii Closed
5 a 43 mm b 104 mm c 180 mm
iii 1392 cm2
d 115 mm e 80 mm f 96 mm
c i Rectangular prism ii Open at top
g 76 mm h 108 mm i 194.2 mm
iii 670 cm2
6 1 cm, 11 cm; 2 cm, 10 cm; 3 cm, 9 cm;
d i Cube ii Open at one end
4 cm, 8 cm; 5 cm, 7 cm
iii 125 cm2
7 a 4.1 m
e i Rectangular prism ii Open at both ends
b 245 (or 244 if the answer from part a is used)
iii 468 cm2 8 a i 47.12 cm ii 131.9 cm iii 62.8 cm
ANSWERS 617
b i 77 m ii 39 m iii 57.3 m b y
c i 227.1 mm ii 171.4 mm iii 59.4 m
4
9 a 12 000 m2 b 174 tiles c 48
3
10 a 484 m2 b 360 m2 c 75 m2
2
11 a 368 mm2 b 2030 mm2 c 1225 mm2
12 a 450 m 2 b 468 m2 c 80 m2 1
13 a 254.5 m 2 b 1256.6 m c 452.4 m2
2
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
14 a 2513 mm2 b 471 mm2 c 3393 mm2 −1
d 121 mm2 e 347 mm2 f 57 mm2 −2
g 327 mm2 h 6968 mm2 i 73 mm2 −3
15 a 61.44 m2 b 152 m2 c 760 m2
d 2256 m 2
i 2 ii 4
c y
3
Mixed revision 3 2
1 a 9 b 625 c 1000 d 32 1
2 a m9 b k12 c x3 d h9
x
3 C −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1
4 a 8.6 × 108 b 3.73 × 105
5 D −2
6 a 215 b 412 c y 40 d f 14 −3
7 D
8 a 15 400 000 b 0.0032 c 0.9837 i 3 ii −1
9 a k8 b y10 c 10e15 d 12p5q3 22 a (4, 3) b (−2, 1) c (−2, −3.5)
1
---
5
1
---
2 1 4
23 a − 3--5- b − 4--3- c −2
10 a 4 b v c ------
7h
d ----3-
k
11 a 2.69 × 1016 b 1.19 × 10−10 24 a y
12 a 9k4 2
bhy 3 c 5m4n 4
13 A 3
x = −3
x=1
x=4
14 a 9h8 b 8w21 c 16x10 2

15 A 1
16 a 1 b2 c 1 d3 e 3 f 5
6.667 × 1024 x
17 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1
18 a 12y7 b 3h3 c 1
1 1 1 1 −2
--- --- --- ---
19 a 13 2
b 8 3
c ( 7e ) 3 d ( 20z ) 2 −3
20 a 1
--- b 1
------ c 1
---------------- d 1
------ −4
5 49 10 000 64
21 a y b y
3 4
y=3
2 3
y=2
1 2
1
x −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1 0 x
−2 −1
y = −1
−3 −2
−3
i −1 ii 1 −4

c y 30 a and b y
4 A 4 D
1
3 y = 2–2 3
2 2
1 1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 −1
−2 B −2 C
x = −4
1
x = –2
−3 −3
−4 −4
c 30 square units
25 a 3.2 b 5.8 c 10.6 31 a No b Yes c Yes
26 a No b No c No d Yes 32 18.4 units
27 a y = 4 b x=6 c y = −3
33 a XW = 20 , XV = 40 , WV = 32 b Scalene
28 a 37 b 41 c 68 34 a 2 h 18 min b 9:48pm
35 a 90 mm b 74 mm c 61 mm
29 a y 36 a 9 m2 b 240 mm2 c 30 cm2
4 d 200 mm2 e 42 cm2 f 16.5 m2
37 a 0.75 km b 1.35 L c 8 h 32 min
3
d 3005 g e 2700 m f 250 mm
2 38 a 706.9 mm2 b 254.5 mm2 c 25.1 m2
1 d 26.2 m2 e 44.6 m2 f 942.5 mm2
39 B
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 40 a 94.25 mm b 22.47 cm c 82.27 cm
−1 y= 41 D
1
−2 2
−
x+
x 42 a 158 m2 b 360 m2
=
−3
y
43 A
−4 44 a i 113.1 cm2 ii 144 cm2 b 30.9 cm2
45 a i 2:03pm ii 10:32pm b 11:02am
46 5376 cm2
( 1--2- , 1 1--2- ) 47 53 cm2
48 384 cm2
b y
4 2
x+
3 y= Chapter 10
2
1 Start up
1 a Column graph
x b i 7 ii 12 iii 2
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 c 32 d 75
−2 e i 2
------ ii 13.3%
15
x
−3
y=3
f 6 hours g 9 hours
−4 2 a School 105°, sleep 120°, homework 15°,
eating 15°, TV 45°, leisure 30°, other 30°
7 1 1 1
(1, 3) b i ------
24
ii ---
3
iii ---
8
iv ------
24
c ii 3 h ii 8 h
3 a 8
b i 3 ii No mode iii 4 iv 5, 6
ANSWERS 619
c i 7 ii 0 11 a 12% b Sport
d i 10 ii 28 c i $374 400 ii $486 000 d $515 160
12 a i 6m ii 11 m
Exercise 10-01 b 24 m c 33 m d 17–18 m
1 a Sport 13 a i 40% ii 35% iii 18%
Tally Frequency
b Four students
Netball |||| |||| |||| 14 14 a TV ratings b Week 26
Basketball ||| 3 c ABC, 7, 9, 10 and SBS d9 e 9
Cricket |||| |||| 9 15 a i Men in Black II
Softball ||| 3 ii Austin Powers in Goldmember
b i $1.31 million ii $41.9 million
Soccer |||| |||| |||| || 17 c The movie was first screened that week.
Hockey |||| |||| 10 d i $5.34 million ii $129 million
b Soccer c Basketball and softball
2 a 40 Exercise 10-02
b 12; boys and girls play volleyball but only boys (Some column and line graphs in these answers have
play rugby been reduced in size.)
c 30%; 18 1 a i Magazine sales
3 a i 21 ii 10 iii 4
70
3 4
b i ------
10
ii ---
5
c 4% 60
4 a Minimum and maximum temperatures
b 9:00am–3:00pm c −4°C d6 50
Sales (’000s)
e 19°C
40
f i Sydney ii Lismore, Tamworth and Dubbo
g Winter
30
5 a 1.55 m at 4:00pm, Saturday
b 0.4 m at 7:00am–8:00am, Thursday 20
c 3:00am, Saturday
d 8:00pm–9:00pm, Thursday; 8:00am Friday; 10
9:00pm–10:00pm, Friday; 9:00am, Saturday;
11:00am Saturday 0
e 6 hours Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Month
f i 0.5 m ii 1.1–1.2 m
6 a Rugby League b AFL ii Magazine sales
c i 30% ii 12.5% iii 17%
d The percentage participation of each sport. 70
7 a Bus
60
b i 342 ii 297 iii 216
8 a i 60 mm ii 30 mm iii 120 mm
50
Sales (’000s)
b January, February, April, August, September,

November, December. 40
c November to December
d December, January, February e 17.4% 30
9 a i 15°C ii 17°C to 17.5°C iii 12.5°C
b 2:00pm 20
c No; the temperature was recorded in two-
hourly intervals, so it could have been higher 10
than 18°C between noon and 2:00pm or
between 2:00pm and 4:00pm
J F M A M J J
d 12°C Month
10 a July b 22.5°C c April, October
d 140 mm e 5 b Sales declined steadily until April, then there
f i 1300 mm ii 107.5 mm was a rapid increase in sales over the next three
months.

2 a 120
b i White 81°, blue 54°, red 36°, green 30°,
yellow 21°, grey 60°, other 78°.
ii Colour of cars passing through a roundabout
Blue
15%
Red White
10% 22.5%
Green
8.3%
Yellow Others
5.8%
Grey 21.7%
16.7%
c Colour of cars passing through a roundabout

Yellow
Others
White
Green
Grey
Blue
Red
3 Temperature at school 4 a Oceans and seas

18
17 4500
16 4000
15
Average depth (m)
3500
14
13 3000
12 2500
Temperature (°C)
11
2000
10
9 1500
8 1000
7
500
6
5 0
Sea
Caribbean Sea
Black Sea
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Artic Ocean
Mediterranean
4
3
2
1
0
7:00am 9:00am 11:00am 1:00pm 3:00pm Body of water
8:00am 10:00am 12:00 2:00pm
noon b 75%
Time 5 a The population figures in the table need to be
multiplied by 1000
b NSW 122°, Victoria 89°, Queensland 67°,
SA 28°, WA 35°, Tasmania 9°, NT 4°, ACT 6°
ANSWERS 621
c Population of states and territories b Area of states and territories
Qld
NSW
NSW NT
Vic.
Vic.
ACT Tas.,
SA ACT
Tas. NT
WA WA
Qld
SA
c Yes, the angle for ACT is 0.11° which is too

6 small to show on the pie chart.
Climatic graph, Alice Springs
80 30 d A divided bar graph—it also shows a part of
75
the whole.
70 25 8 a Market share of oil companies
65
Average monthly temperature (°C)
60 20
55
Shell Ampol/Caltex
50 15 27% 28%
Rainfall (mm)
45
40 10
Independents
35 4%
30 5 Mobil BP
25 21% 20%
20 0
15
10 −5
5 b See top of facing page
0 −10 c Market share of oil companies
J F M A M J J A S O N D 30
Month
25
7 a % area of Sector
Percentage of market
Australia angle
NT 17.52 63° 20
Qld 22.48 81°

NSW 10.43 38° 15
ACT 0.03 0.11°

Vic. 2.96 11° 10
Tas. 0.88 3°
SA 12.81 46° 5
WA 32.87 118°
0
Shell
Ampol
Mobil
BP
Caltex
Independents
Oil companies

8 b Market share of oil companies

Ampol/Caltex
Independents
Mobil
Shell
BP
Exercise 10-03 d i The question is not precise enough. Possible
answers could be:
1 a Quantitative b Quantitative
• $26 000 • $300/week
c Quantitative d Categorical
• $17.40/h for 40 h • $37 000 p.a.
e Quantitative f Categorical
• $64 000 p.a. • $2000/fortnight
g Quantitative h Quantitative
ii Tick the box that indicates your income
i Categorical j Quantitative
per year:
k Quantitative l Categorical
2 a Continuous b Continuous $0–$5000
c Discrete d Discrete
e Discrete f Continuous $5001–$15 000
g Discrete h Discrete
$15 001–$25 000
i Discrete j Discrete
k Discrete l Continuous $25 000 +
e i The question allows for too many responses.
Exercise 10-04 ii Where do you go for holidays?
1 a i The question is too open. Possible answers
could be: Stay at home Within the state
• 3 h 4 min Interstate Overseas
• 1h
• 30 min Skillbank 10
ii How much time do you spend studying each
2 a 18 b $126 c 39 d $30.30
night?
e $7.50 f 10.8 g $27 h 60
i $240 j $3.30 k 900 l $52.50
0–1 1–2 2–3 3–4 4 a 10 b 166 c $50 d $22
hours hours hours hours e 37.5 f $5.80 g 135 h $22.60
b i There are too many sports that could be i 88 j $17.50 k $29 l 70
nominated. 6 a 500 b $20 c 4.5 d $6.25
ii Which of the following is your favourite e $81 f $35 g 16.5 h 74.5
sport? (Please tick one only.) i $195 j $425 k $31.50 l 290
8 a 160 b $1.50 c 7.5 d $32.50
e $67.50 f $31.25 g 38 h 170
Rugby Tennis Swimming Soccer i $9.50 j $60 k $13 l 75
League
Exercise 10-05
Netball None of these 1 a Student results Frequency
c i The question is too open and allows for 3 1
many different responses. 4 3
ii What do you usually have for lunch?
(Tick one.) 5 4
6 5
Sandwiches Chips
7 8
Meat pie Sausage roll 8 5
Salad Salad roll 9 3
10 1
None of the above
30
ANSWERS 623
b Class results b Goals scored

8
7 7
6 6
Frequency
Frequency
5
5
4
4 3
3 2
1
2
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of goals
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c i 4 ii 10
Student results 4 a 14 b 5 letters c 22 d 11
2 a Number of children Frequency e Number of letters Frequency
1 5 3 4
2 8 4 7
3 9 5 8
4 5 6 14
5 4 7 12
6 3 More than 7 10
7 4 55
8 1 5 a 9 b 1 head c 2 heads
9 1 d Number of heads Frequency
40 0 3
b Survey results 1 12
9 2 22
8 3 9
7 4 4
50
Frequency
6
5
6 a 3 b 73 c 14
4
d Morning; this is the time when teachers and
3 parents phone the school.
2
1 Exercise 10-06
0 1 a
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of children
c 20% d 45%
15 17 19 21 23 25 27
3 a Number of goals Frequency Temperature
0 2
b
1 3
2 4
3 7 1 3 5 7 9 11
4 7 2 No; the scores are spread too much (ranging from
12 to 48), and most scores only occur once
5 3
26

3 a 11 a 9A1 9A2
7 3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 980 4 6
b 15 is a possible outlier 5543 5 0468
c Scores are grouped around 5, 6 and 7 9874432100 6 002457788
4 a Stem Leaf 87432210 7 0123349
3 2 1 8 023
4 0489 b i 9A2 ii 9A1
5 67789 c No
d Yes, in the 60s and 70s for both classes
6 24578
e 9A2 as the fraction of students scoring over 60
7 12237799 is higher than the fraction of students scoring
8 12248 over 60 in 9A1
b 88 c 18 d 17.9%
e i Yes, 32 could be considered as an outlier. Exercise 10-07
ii No 1 a 9 b 15 c 1.8 d 13
5 a Stem Leaf 2 a 5.4 b 62.1 c $1.23 d 10.4
e −0.4
11 8 9
3 a 19 b7 c 5.5 d1
12 1 1 5 6 e 8.7
13 1 5 7 4 a 15 b 5 and 6 c 25 d 7.1
14 3 4 5 6 9 9 5 Range Mean Median Mode
15 0 0 1 4 4 7 7 7 a 8 5.4 6 6, 8
16 1 3 b 8 15.9 16 12, 15, 18
17 2 6 6 c 4.5 51.5 51.6 –
18 3 7 d 11 13.1 14 14
b 7 c 20% e 38 67.3 68 –
d i No ii Yes, the 14s and 15s
6 a Mean = 5.7, median = 5, mode = 5
6 a 20 b2 c 4 d 45% b Mode; it can be found by observation
e 10; it’s very different from the other scores
7 a Range = 14, mean = 24.4, median = 24.5
7 a Stem Leaf b No; all the scores occur only once
4 7 8 a 52 b 68 c 60
d i The twelfth score is the middle score
5 123333445567
(11 scores on either side)
6 02348 ii 63
7 17 9 a Stem Leaf
b 95% c 5% d Yes, in the 50s
4 015
8 a 54, 55 or 56 b 27
5 13568
9 a Rockets 8, Blues 13
b Rockets 52, Blues 57 6 34567778
c Blues; they scored more than 30 goals on 7 12479
13 occasions; but the Rockets managed this on 8 278
only 8 occasions
9 024
10 a Sandy Greg
b 54 c 67 d 67 e 67.9
7 1 10 a 62 b 38
753 2 5889 c Since there are an even number of scores, there
877553 3 45667 will be two middle scores. For 30 scores this
will be the fifteenth and sixteenth scores.
520 4 0257
d 38.5 e 37.5
4 5 4 11 a 446.5 mm b 0 mm c 402.5 mm
b Greg c 8 days
ANSWERS 625
d The modal value of zero is not consistent with b x f fx

the rainfall for the other months
e Median, since it is not affected by the rainfall 22 3 66
for July and August 23 8 184
12 2760 24 7 168
13 a 6 b1 c 58 d 1.9 25 9 225
e The median is the average of the 15th and 16th
26 5 130
scores. There are 5 zeros and 9 ones, giving a
total of 14 scores. Since there are 7 twos, the 27 4 108
15th and 16th scores must be twos. So the Σf = 36 Σfx = 881
median is 2. x = 24.5
14 a Stem Leaf
2 18 c x f fx
3 568 7.0 6 42.0
4 234457 7.1 10 71.0
5 14 7.2 8 57.6
6 02 7.3 4 29.2
Median = 44 7.4 2 14.8
b Stem Leaf Σf = 30 Σfx = 214.6
1 02 x = 7.2
2 1236
3 47 d x f fx
4 589 0 2 0
5 047 1 4 4
6 6 2 5 10
Median = 37 3 8 24
15 a Stem Leaf 4 10 40
0 5667 5 6 30
1 0135556788 6 5 30
2 01122466 Σf = 40 Σfx = 138
b Median = 16.5 x = 3.5
16 a i 6 ii 50.7 iii 51 iv 51
b i 52 ii 40.1 iii 39 iv 39
2 d x Tally f fx
Exercise 10-08 0 |||| 4 0

1 |||| | 6 6
1 a Score Frequency
x f fx 2 |||| |||| ||| 13 26
2 5 10 3 |||| |||| 10 30
3 3 9 4 ||| 3 12
4 7 28 5 ||| 3 15
5 6 30 6 | 1 6
6 4 24 Σf = 40 Σfx = 95
Σf = 25 Σfx = 101 x = 2.4
x = 4.04
3 a x = 1.44 b x = 12.78

4 x Tally f fx 4 a Class
x f fx
1 || 2 2 interval
2 || 2 4 0.00–0.04 0.02 3 0.06
3 |||| 4 12 0.05–0.09 0.07 7 0.49
4 |||| 4 16 0.10–0.14 0.12 9 1.08
5 |||| | 6 30 0.15–0.19 0.17 7 1.19
6 |||| | 6 36 0.20–0.24 0.22 2 0.44
7 ||| 3 21 0.25–0.29 0.27 2 0.54
8 |||| 4 32 Σf = 30 Σfx = 3.80
Σf = 31 Σfx = 153 b Pollution levels
x = 4.94
9
Exercise 10-09 8
1 a 6.2 b 13.6 c 51.8 d 64.8 7
2 a 34.4 b 12.9 c 7.0 d 57.0 e 49.7
Frequency
6
3 162 cm
5
4
Exercise 10-10
1 a 19 b 25.5 c 47.5 3
2
2 a Class
x f fx 1
interval
18–24 21 3 63 0
0.02 0.12 0.22
25–31 28 9 252 0.07 0.17 0.27
32–38 35 11 385 Volume of sulphur dioxide
(parts per million)
39–45 42 15 630
c x = 0.13
46–52 49 9 441
5 a Class Class centre
53–59 56 5 280 f
interval x
60–66 63 2 126
30–39 34.5 1
Σf = 54 Σfx = 2177
40–49 44.5 4
b 40.5 c 39–45 d 39–45 50–59 54.5 5
3 Class 60–69 64.5 8
x f fx
interval
70–79 74.5 9
10–19 14.5 4 58.5
80–89 84.5 2
20–29 24.5 10 245.5
90–99 94.5 1
30–39 34.5 18 621.5
30
40–49 44.5 25 1112.5
50–59 54.5 14 763.5
60–69 64.5 8 516.5
70–79 74.5 1 74.5
Σf = 80 Σfx = 3390.5
x = 42.4
ANSWERS 627
b Frequency histogram b x f cf
9 45 2 2
46 6 8
8 47 7 15
7 48 10 25
49 3 28
6 50 3 31
Frequency
5 Median = 48
4 c Class Class
f cf
interval centre, x
3 1–5 3 2 2
6–10 8 7 9
2
11–15 13 10 19
1 16–20 18 8 27
21–25 23 10 37
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 26–30 28 3 40
Marks of students
Median class = 16–20
c Stem Leaf d Class Class

f cf
3 3 interval centre, x
4 1778 0–9 4.5 3 3
5 22368 10–19 14.5 7 10
6 02357889 20–29 24.5 11 21
7 001123366 30–39 34.5 19 40
8 77 40–49 44.5 7 47
9 5 50–59 54.5 2 49
d Ordered stem-and-leaf because it is easier to Median class = 30–39

construct and it still shows the main features of
e x f cf
the distribution
6 a 45 12 5 5
b 140–146; 147–153; 154–160; 161–167; 13 16 21
168–174; 175–181; 182–188 14 11 32
c 165 cm
15 7 39
Exercise 10-11 16 4 43
Median = 14
1 a x f cf
0 7 7
1 8 15
2 10 25
3 5 30
4 9 39
5 6 45
6 5 50
Median = 2.5

f Class b Median = 32.5

f cf
interval Cumulative frequency
35–39 3 3 histogram and polygon
40–44 5 8
20
45–49 10 18
18
50–54 15 33
16
55–59 28 61
Cumulative frequency
14
60–64 27 88
12
65–69 22 110
10
70–74 18 128
8
75–79 15 143
6
80–84 9 152
4
Median class = 60–64
2
2 a Class
x f cf fx 0
interval 30 31 32 33 34 35
0.00–0.04 0.02 7 7 0.14 Score
c Median = 18.5 or median class = 15–19
0.05–0.09 0.07 16 23 0.98
0.10–0.14 0.12 8 31 0.96 Cumulative frequency
0.15–0.19 0.17 9 40 1.87 histogram and polygon
0.20–0.24 0.22 7 47 1.54
70
0.25–0.29 0.27 3 50 0.81
60
Σf = 50 Σfx = 6.10
50
b Modal class = 0.05–0.09 40
c Mean = 0.12 30
d Median class = 0.10–0.14
20
Exercise 10-12 10
1 a Median = 8 0
7 12 17 22 27 32
Cumulative frequency Class centres
histogram and polygon
2 a Class
x f cf fx
40 interval
35 16–21 18.5 1 1 18.5
30 22–27 24.5 9 10 220.5

25 28–33 30.5 5 15 152.5
20 34–39 36.5 11 26 401.5
15 40–45 42.5 6 32 255.5
10 46–51 48.5 2 34 97.5
5 Σf = 34 Σfx = 1145.5
0
6 7 8 9 10 11
Score
ANSWERS 629
b Cumulative frequency Power plus

1 a Type of Bath Other Shower Bathroom
Bath Other
scalds tap sink tap tap sink
35
Angle of Total
30 150° 148° 15° 21° 14° 11

the sector 360°
25
b (150 ÷ 360) × 600 = 250
20 c i 22°
15 d No; you would need a protractor and/or
10 calculator to find the percentage of each scald.
3 a See the graph at the bottom of the page.
5
b Tide height does not jump—there are gradual
0 rises and falls
18.5 30.5 42.5
24.5 36.5 48.5 4 a i 940
Number of sandwiches ii Year 7, 19.1%; Year 8, 20.2%;
c Median class = 34–39 Year 9, 16.0%; Year 10, 21.3%;
d Mean = 33.7 Year 11, 13.8%; Year 12, 9.6%
3 a 25–31; 32–38; 39–45; 46–52; 53–59; 60–66 iii Year 7, 19; Year 8, 20; Year 9, 16;
b Median class = 39–45 Year 10, 21; Year 11, 14; Year 12, 10
Students are selected from each year in
The age of employees proportion to the size of the Year group
iv A stratified sample
50 b i STR ii STR iii SYS
iv STR v SYS vi SYS
vii STR viii SYS
40
5 69 6 100
Frequency
7 a Stem Leaf
30
16 0 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
16 5 7 8 9
20
17 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4
17 5 6 7 9 9
10
18 0 1 2
b Median = 171
28 35 42 49 56 63 8 a i Stem Leaf
Class centres
0 3567899
c 25–31 d 62%
1 012445567778889
2 0223344555788
3 00134
Power plus
3 a
1.5
Tide (m)
1.0
0.5
0
M/n 6:00am Noon 6:00pm M/n 6:00am Noon 6:00pm M/n
3:00am 9:00am 3:00pm 9:00pm 3:00am 9:00am 3:00pm 9:00pm
Time
ii Stem Leaf b Frequency histogram and polygon

0 3 10
0 567899
1 01244 9
1 5567778889
2 0223344 8
2 555788
7
3 00134
b Median = 18 6
c i Modal class = 10–19
Frequency
ii Modal class = 15–19
5
d Stem-and-leaf plot using intervals of 5; it gives
a better indication of how the seedlings are
spread 4
Chapter 10 review 3
1 a February, September
b 6 hours c 4 months 2
d June–July and October–November
e 115 hours 1
2 Absent students
0 1 2 3 4 5
Children per house
Wednesday Tuesday
c 3 d 2.3
Monday
Thursday
Friday
3 Country of origin
Other Western European
Asia Pacific
UK/Ireland
Australia
Others
4 a Continuous b Discrete e Cumulative frequency histogram and polygon

c Categorical or discrete d Categorical
30
e Continuous f Discrete
5 a x f CF fx 25
0 5 5 0
20
1 3 8 3
2 7 15 14 15
3 10 25 30
4 3 28 12 10
5 2 30 10
5
Σf = 30 Σfx = 69
0 1 2 3 4 5
Children per house
Median = 2.5
ANSWERS 631
6 a 12 a Class
x f cf fx
interval
60–64 62 1 1 62
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 65–69 67 12 13 804
b 0 is an outlier since it is separated from the 70–74 72 10 23 720
main body of the data
75–79 77 8 31 616
c Yes, the scores are clustered about 5 and 6
80–84 82 2 33 164
7 a Stem Leaf
Σf = 33 Σfx = 2366
1 2
b 71.7
2 c 65–69
3 7 d Frequency histogram and polygon
4 02
5 0013679 12
11
6 022235568
10
7 02466899 9
8 13
Frequency
8
b Yes, 12 is the outlier. 7
The next score is then 37. 6
c 9, 30% 5
8 a Range = 6 Mean = 6.3 4
Median = 7 Mode = 8 3
b Range = 9 Mean = 20.2 2
Median = 20 Mode = 20 1
c Range = 2.3 Mean = 11.0
Median = 11.0 No mode 62 67 72 77 82
9 a 51 Class centres
b 66
c 67.5 e Cumulative frequency
10 a Girls Boys
35
8 1 07
98 2 89
30
975 3 08
8 4 0 25
95321 5 058
960 6 26 20
653 7 23345
15
3 8 58
4 9 3 10
b 94; girl
c i 54 ii 60 5
d Girls; smaller range and scores are not as
spread
e i 35% ii 50% 62 67 72 77 82
f i 55 ii 55.8 Class centres
g No; the difference is only 0.8 f Median = 71
11 a 9.8
b 50.1
c 19.7

Chapter 11 b m
−6
m−6
= =
Start up +6
8 2 m=8
1 a 20 b 14 c 3 d 16
e 11 f 9 g 54 h −3
÷5 w
c -
i −14 j 5 k3 l −1 1--2- w 5
= =
×5
2 a 7n b n + 11 c n2 d 1
---
3
n or n
---
3 50 10 w = 50
e 5(n + 8) f n − 20 g 6n − 9 h n + 2
3 a 52 b 12 c 20 d4 +5
d x x+5
e 8 f 7 g 0 h 40
= =
i 81 j 400 k 40 l 10 −5
4 a 1 b 5 c 7 d −6 −3 2 x = −3
e 0 f 13 g 2 h 12
5 a 4k + 20 b 3N + 6 c 4k + 3 ×7 −3
e m 7m 7m − 3
d 3 + 5y e 15d + 18 f 7a + 20 = =
g 13m + 11 h 1 + 11d ÷7 +3
4 28 25
Exercise 11-01 m=4

1 Linear equations are a, d and e ×5 ÷3 5n
f n 5n ––
3
2 Teacher to check
= =
3 Teacher to check ÷5 ×3
6 30 10
4 a B bC c B dD e C
5 Teacher to check n=6
×6 −4
g y 6y 6y − 4
Exercise 11-02 = =
1 a y=6 b k = 18 c a = 10 ÷6 +4
−2 −12 −16
d y=4 e x=9 f p = 11
g t=6 h w=4 i c=4 y = −2
2 a w=5 b p=3 c y=6 ÷5 m − 12 m
h m - -− 12
d a=2 e g=1 f x=5 5 5
g n = −2 h a = −1 i y=0 = =
×5 + 12
j w = −3 75 15 3
3 a m=3 b y=7 c x=2 m = 75
d p=4 e n = −4 f x = −6 ×3 +6
g w = −8 h x=2 i y=5 i c 3c 3c + 6
j a=3 = =
÷3 −6
−10 −30 −24
Exercise 11-03 c = −10
×3 j See below.
1 a y 3y
k See below.
= =
÷3
9 27 y=9
×3 ÷5 3n −4 3n
j n 3n ––
5
––
5
−4
= =
÷3 ×5 +4
10 30 6 2 n = 10
×2 +7 ×4
k n 2n 2n + 7 4(2n + 7)
= =
÷2 −7 ÷4
−2 −4 3 12 n = −2
ANSWERS 633
×6 +8 ÷4 6n + 8 +1
l n 6n 6n + 8 –––––
4
6n + 8
–––––
4
+1
= =
÷6 −8 ×4 −1
6 36 44 11 12 n=6
× −5 +1 −5m + 1 ÷4 1 − 5m
m m −5m –––––
= 1 − 5m 4
= =
÷ −5 −1 ×4
−7 35 36 9 m = −7
−6 × −3 +7
n x x−6 −3(x − 6) 7 − 3(x − 6)
= =
+6 ÷ −3 −7
7 1 −3 4 x=7
−2 × −1 ÷8 −(n − 2) +4 (n − 2)
o n n−2 −(n − 2) ––––––
8
4 − ––––––
8
= =
+2 ÷ −1 ×8 −4
34 32 −32 −4 0 n = 34
2 a y=7 b y=3 c w = 10 d w=6 Exercise 11-05

e x=1 f x=3 g y=4 h x = −1
1 a x=1 b w = −2 c m = 12
i c=2 j m = 12
d k=5 e g=1 f y=2
3 a y=3 b x = 2 1--4- or 2.25
g t = −1 1--2- or −1.5 h a = 1 1--2- or 1.5
c a = 5 2--5- or 5.4 d y = −3
i w=6 j w=6 k y = −3
.
e m = 8 1--3- or 8.3 f n=6 l x = −5 mx=2 n x = −2
. o y = −1 1--2- or −1.5 p d = 3 3--5- or 3.6
g a = 1--3- or 0.3 h x = 5 5--7- or 5.7 (approx.)
q y = 3--5- or 0.6 r y = 2 1--2- or 2.5
i n = 7 1--4- or 7.25 j y = 5 2--5- or 5.4
s x=8 t w = −3
2 a m=4 b y=6 c d=6
Exercise 11-04 d m=9 e m=3 f a = −24
1 a m=6 b a=9 c y=8
d w = 50 e y = −9 f m = 23 g a = 25 h m = −2 i y = −2 1--2- or −2.5
g a = −7 h a = 12 i w = −30 j a = −5 k m = −7 l y=7
m y = −10 n x = 12 o y = −26
j p= 6 --12- or 6.5 k x = 7.5 l m = −7 .
p g = 22 q y = −1 2--3- or −1.6 r m = −1
m a = 67 n x = −5 o y = 20
s y=1 t y = 14
p d = 24 q b = 3 3--5- or 3.6 r c = 6
2 a x=5 b y = 10 c x=6 Skillbank 11
d y = 13 e y=6 f y = 1 1--2- or 1.5 3 a 13 b 2460 c 0.13 d 246
g m = 32 h y = 45 i x = 18 e 24.6 f 1300 g 1.3 h 2460
j p = −8 k x=6 l m=6 i 2.46 j 13 k 130 l 246
m x = −7 1--2- or −7.5 n a = −4 o a = −3 6 a 14 076 b 1407.6 c 140.76 d 1407.6
e 140.76 f 140.76 g 140 760 h 14.076
p y = −7 q a= −6 1--2-
or −6.5 r x=4 i 1407.6 j 14 076 k 14 076 l 1.4076
s x = 10 t y = 11 u x = 33
v p = −16 w a = −10 x m = −1 Exercise 11-06
1 a x = 17 b y = 11 c p = −2
d a=9 e x = 48 f w=3
g w=3 h x=4 i x = −5
j k = −12 k x = −2 l y = −3

2 a a = 39 b x = 56 c x = 30 2 a m+38 b Q − 4 −2 c 4A 2
d y = 42 e p = 56 f y = 21 d m
---- 10 e a + b ab
g x = −2 h y = −15 i x = −9 3
f y+35
j d = 85 k w = −4 l p = −7 1--2- or −7.5 g gw 15
h 12 5 + p
3 a x = −9 b y = 22 c p = 11 1--2- or 11.5
3 a N 0 and N 7 or 0 N 7
d w = −22 e x = 5 3--4- or 5.75 f m = 24 b x −3 and x 5 or −3 x 5
g y= 5 1--5- or 5.2 h x=5 i x=0 c p 5 and p 12 or 5 p 12
d 6 3 and 6 k or 3 6 k
j w = 1 -----
5
- or 1.23 k x = 13 l x = 3 --- or 3.14
1 e y −1 and y 6 or −1 y 6
22 7
4 a H 1.3 b A 18 c A 18
4 a d = 24 b k = 18 c m = 12
.. d A 20 and A 40 or 20 A 40
d x = 21 -----
9
- or 21.8 1 e p = 30 e A $80 and A $120 or $80 A $120
11 ..
f k = 30 g m = 10 h a = 6 -----
11
9
- or 6.8 1 5 a Greater than or equal to 5
b Less than or equal to 15
Exercise 11-07 c Greater than 3 but less than 10
1 a Length 40 cm, width 10 cm d Between 1 and 7 including 1 and 7
b Length 36 cm, width 6 cm
c Length 27 cm, width 20 cm Exercise 11-10
d Length 26.5 cm, width 17 cm 1 a
2 a Dean 10, father 50, sister 2 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
b 14 c 20 b
d Brett 17, Paul 51, Janice 45, Amanda 12 −2 −1 0 1 2
3 a 26, 27 and 28 b 54, 56 and 58
c
c 23, 25 and 27 d 24, 30, 36 and 42 −1 0 1 2 3 4
4 a 78
b 20 $1 coins, 100 $2 coins d
−2 −1 0 1 2
c 240
5 a 21 m e
−3 −2 −1 0 1
b 315 m2
6 76°, 49°, 55° (x = 19) f
7 $1.80 −1 0 1 2 3 4
8 a 11 b 12 2 a x −3 b x1 c x4
9 The sister is 70 cm, the boy is 140 cm, the father d x 1
--- e x0 f x −6
2
is 170 cm
10 12 more weeks
Exercise 11-11
Exercise 11-08 1 a A, C, D bC c B, C, D
1 a 28 b 11 c 52.5 d −40 d C, D e B, D f C, D
e 25 f −1 g 34 h −2 g B, C, D h A, C, D i A, C
i 3 j 16 k −7 l −12 j A, C, D
2 a 68 b 95 c 14 d 36.5 2 a x3 b d 13 c k9
e 20 f 37.8 g −23.3 h 28.9 d m 10 e h4 f y4
g w2 h b −9
3 a 120 b −50 c 8 d8
4 a 187 b 2 c 13 d 29
5 a 160 b 72 c 5 d 20 e 7 f 3
Exercise 11-12
1 a x7
6 a $540 b $4500 c 6 hours d 9 hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7 a $200 b $825 c 45 people
8 a 65°C b 91.25° c 4 hours b d8
−2 0 2 4 6 8
9 a 182 cm b 39 cm
c y4
0 1 2 3 4 5
Exercise 11-09
1 a N8 b p3 c k −5 d x0 d k1
−2 −1 0 1 2
e T −3 f w5 g ym h 6d
ANSWERS 635
e y4 m h 24 n y0
0 1 2 3 4 5
o x −1 3--5- or x −1.6
f m −2
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 a x4
0 1 2 3 4 5
g w 32
0 32 b x1
−2 −1 0 1 2
h k −15
−20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 c x −3
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
i m 1.5
−2 −1 0 1 2 d x0
−2 −1 0 1 2
j p 18
0 18 e x −3
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
k t −9 f x 1 2--3-
−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −1 0 1 2 3
l n −2.5 g x 4 1--2-
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
m a −1 h x 1 1--2-
−2 −1 0 1 2 −2 −1 0 1 2
n x0 i x −6
−2 −1 0 1 2 −6 −4 −2 0 2
o h −20 j x −3 1--2-
−30 −20 −10 0 10 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
p f 4.5 k x5
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
q c −10 l x 10
−20 −10 0 10 20 −5 0 5 10 15
r x 16 4 a x− 3 2--3- b h 6 1--5- c m3
0 4 8 12 16 20
d p2 e t1 f x 2 1--3-
2 a y2 b y4 c w 10 −5 −2
d h 32 e h 15 f t −3 g a ------
6
h m 4 1--2- i w ------
3
g p −4 h a3 i c −1 j x7
j x7 k x 16 l t1
Power plus
−6 × −5 ÷4 −5(m − 6) + 21 5(m − 6)
1 a m m−6 −5(m − 6) − 21 − −
4 4
= =
+6 ÷ −5 ×4 − 21
10 4 − 20 −5 16
× −1 + 10 × −3 ÷5 −3(10 − m) −9 3(10 − m)
b m −m 10 − m −3(10 − m) − −9 − −
5 6
= =
÷ −1 − 10 ÷ −3 ×5 +9
15 −15 −5 15 3 −6
2 x = 11 1--2- or 11.5 ..
5 a k = 7-----
11
7
- or 7.63 b d = 17 --25- or 17.4
..
4 a m= −3-----
10
9
- or −3.9 b y = 14 c y = 35 1--2- or 35.5 −1
- or −0.09
d y = -----
. 11
c x=7 d c= 3 1--6- or 3.16 e x = ±4 f m = ±5
e c = 4 1--5- or 4.2 f x = −4 6 26 7 20 years old

8 a x6 6 a 6N + 5 = 53, N = 8
−2 0 2 4 6 8 b 40 − 2N = 16, N = 12
b x 16 c 6x + 20 = 44, x = 4
0 16 d 2S + 6(445 − S) = 1578, S = 273
c x 15.5 7 a 72 b 40 c 16 d 30 e 4.3
0 15.5
8 a 6 + k 10 b h + 4 5 c N
----
3
8
d x4 d xy x + y
−2 0 2 4 6
9 C
e x −7
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 10 a
−1 0 1 2
f x 5
5 -----
11
-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 b
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
Chapter 11 review c
1 Teacher to check −5 0 5 10
2 a x=9 b a = −5 c m = −1 d m=4 11 C 12 a C, D b B, C
3 a 13 a A, D bD
× 10 −2 14 a k 10 b m −5 c d −7
y 10y 10y − 2
d x8 e f 4 1--2- f w 1 3--4-
= =
÷ 10 +2 g n 10 h t 1--2- i a 28
4 40 38
y=4 j y 1 -----
10
1
- k c − 5--9- l h 6 1--3-
b ×6 +4 15 a x 3
a 6a 6a + 4 −1 0 1 2 3
= = b x8
÷6 −4 −4 0 4 8 12
5 30 34
a=5
c ×5 ÷4 −3
−3
5x 5x
x 5x ––
4
––
4
= =
÷5 ×4 +3
12 60 15 12 x = 12
d ×3 +4 × 12
m 3m 3m + 4 12 (3m + 4)
= =
÷3 −4 ÷ 12
1 3 7 84 m=1
e ×9 + 10 ÷5 9y + 10
y 9y 9y + 10 ––––––
5
= =
÷9 − 10 ×5
5 45 55 11 y=5
f × −7 ÷5 + 36
−7x
x −7x ––
5
36 − ––
5
7x
= =
÷ −7 ×5 − 36
−20 −140 −28 8 x = 20
4 B
5 a y=7 b p = 13 c m=0
d x = 24 e y = −11 f y=9
g a = 15 h x=7 i y=3
j m = −30 k n = −1 1--2- or −1.5 l x = −1
ANSWERS 637
c x −1 8 a LN = HF, LM = HG, MN = GF and

−2 −1 0 1 2 ∠L = ∠H, ∠M = ∠G, ∠N = ∠F
d x −4 b i Perimeter ∆LMN = 136 mm.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
Perimeter ∆HGF = 136 mm
e x6 ii Area ∆LMN = 35 square units.
−3 0 3 6 9 Area ∆HGF = 35 square units
The perimeters and areas of congruent
f x 5.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 triangles are equal.
9 a ED = RS, DC = ST, CB = TP, BA = PQ,
AE = QR
and ∠E = ∠R, ∠D = ∠S, ∠C = ∠T, ∠B = ∠P,
Chapter 12 ∠A = ∠Q
b Perimeter ABCDE = 102 mm,
Start up Perimeter PQRST = 102 mm
1 A and K, B and I, C and L, D and J, E and R, Area ABCDE = 27 square units,
F and M, G and N, H and Q, P and S Area PQRST = 27 square units
The perimeters and areas of the congruent
2 a i ∠P and ∠N, ∠T and ∠L, ∠Q and ∠M
figures are equal.
ii PT and NL, TQ and LM, PQ and NM
b i ∠A and ∠K, ∠D and ∠F, ∠C and ∠G, 10 Perimeter, area, congruent, equal
∠B and ∠H 11 a Perimeter X = 12 cm, Perimeter Y = 12 cm
ii AB and KH, BC and HG, CD and GF, b No, since length of X ≠ length of Y and width
AD and KF of X ≠ width of Y
3 a A and B b A and C 12 a Area X = 12 cm2, area Y = 12 cm2
c B and C d A and B b No, since length of X ≠ length of Y and width
of X ≠ width of Y
Exercise 12-01 c Teacher to check
d Teacher to check
1 a Yes, same size and shape
13 a F bF c T dT
b Yes, same size and shape
c No, different size
d No, different size Exercise 12-02
e Yes, same size and shape 1 a 6 units to the right, 2 units down
f Yes, same size and shape b 6 units to the right
2 a, f and k; d and l; b and i; h and j; e and g 2
A
3 a and i; d and j; e and o; f and p; g and q; h and k
4 a BC and HF, AB and GH
b ∠B and ∠H, ∠C and ∠F
5 a i ∠X and ∠P, ∠Z and ∠L, ∠W and ∠N A′
ii XW and PN, WZ and NL, XZ and PL
b i ∠F and ∠P, ∠E and ∠T, ∠D and ∠X,
∠G and ∠R
ii FE and PT, ED and TX, DG and XR,
GF and RP
c i ∠K and ∠S, ∠J and ∠R, ∠M and ∠P,
∠H and ∠Q
ii KJ and SR, JM and RP, MH and PQ, 3 a
HK and QS
d i ∠B and ∠K, ∠C and ∠M, ∠D and ∠L
ii BC and KM, CD and ML, BD and KL
6 Corresponding, matching, angles, congruent,
equal
7 a Lengths of sides of both rectangles are 20 mm
b Translations of 4 units to the right (or left) and
and 40 mm
also of 3 units up (or down).
b i Perimeter X = 12 cm, Perimeter Y = 12 cm
4 a 90° about O in an anticlockwise direction
ii Area A = 8 cm2, Area Y = 8 cm2
b 180° about O in a clockwise or anticlockwise
The perimeters and areas of congruent direction
rectangles are equal.

c 150° about O in a clockwise direction 9 Rectangle is reflected in line l, l n

d 90° about O in an anticlockwise direction then the whole pattern is
e 180° about O in a clockwise or anticlockwise reflected in line m and also in
direction line n, and so on.
5 a m
b c
Exercise 12-03
O 1 a Translation to the right.
b Reflection about line as shown.
O
O
d
O c Reflection in line as shown.
6 B The triangle is rotated through 90° in

a clockwise/anticlockwise direction
C about A or B, and through 180° d Rotation of 180° about point O.
about C.
A
O
7 a DA D′ b A e Rotation of 90° clockwise
P
N followed by a translation.
N′ L
f Rotation of 90° about O as shown, then a
translation to the left and up.
C B C′ M
P′ O
M′
B
L′
c A d
B 2 a Reflection followed by a translation 2 units
down and 3 units to the right.
B A
e A f
A
b Rotation of 90° anticlockwise about the centre,
then a translation.
B
c Rotation, reflection, then a translation.
B d Reflection, reflection and then a translation.
8 a b Exercise 12-04
1 a RHS b SSS c SAS d AAS
e SSS f SAS g RHS h AAS
i RHS j SAS k AAS l SSS
2 a ∆ABC ≡ ∆GHI (AAS)
b ∆MNO ≡ ∆YXW (RHS)
c c ∆UVT ≡ ∆CDE (SSS)
d ∆PQT ≡ ∆ADF (AAS)
e ∆KHZ ≡ ∆MTY (SAS)
f ∆BDE ≡ ∆FIJ (RHS)
g ∆MNP ≡ ∆RTS (SSS)
h ∆VTM ≡ ∆DCE (SAS)
ANSWERS 639
3 a X and Y; AAS b Y and Z; SAS d ∠C

c X and Z; AAS d X and Z; SAS e Angles, equal, equal
e X and Z; SSS f X and Y; AAS 11 a SSS
g X and Y; RHS h Y and Z; RHS b Yes, matching angles of congruent triangles
4 a No b Yes, RHS c No d SSS
d No e Yes, SAS f No e Yes, matching angles of congruent triangles
5 a A right angle in each triangle; or the third sides f ∠L = ∠M = ∠N
equal, or included angles in matching positions g 60°
equal h Equal, 60°
b Another side or angle in each triangle to be
equal Skillbank 12
c The hypotenuse or angles in matching 2 4 5 1
2 a --- b --- c --- d ---
positions to be equal 3 5 7 2
d Corresponding sides in each triangle to be 1 1 5 2
e ---
4
f ---
6
g ---
6
h ---
5
equal
i 5:9 j 5:9 k 9 : 20 l 4:5
3 4
Exercise 12-05 m9:7 n 4:3 o ---
5
p ------
35
1 a d = 4.5 b m = 48, k = 9.4 q 1
--- r 4
--- s 5
------ t 1
---
4 9 32 4
c m = 38 d d = 10
17 2 16
e y = 19, k = 67 f x = 110 3 a ------
40
b ---
3
c ------
25
2 a DF = 13 cm b 13 d 1
--- e 5
------ f 2
------
3 k = 15.3 4 24 25
4 a SSS b ∠DCB, ∠CDB, ∠CBD

c i CD ii CB iii Equal
Exercise 12-06
1 1
iv Bisected, BD 1 a 1.5 b3 c --- d ---
2 3
5 a SAS b YW 1 5
e 2 f --- g --- or 1 2--3- h 2
---
c The diagonals are equal 2 3 3
2
6 b D C c AAS i 2 j ---
3
2 Teacher to check
Exercise 12-07
A B 1 a, c, e, h
d Matching, congruent 2 a i ∠A and ∠F, ∠C and ∠F, ∠B and ∠E
e f AAS ii AC and FD, AB and FE, BC and ED
D C
b i ∠P and ∠V, ∠L and ∠Y, ∠N and ∠X,
∠M and ∠W
ii PL and VY, LN and YX, NM and XW,
MP and WV
A B c i ∠T and ∠J, ∠P and ∠G, ∠R and ∠H
g Matching angles of congruent triangles ADC ii TP and JG, PR and GH, TR and JH
and CBA are equal d i ∠A and ∠F, ∠X and ∠G, ∠T and ∠K,
h Angles, parallelogram, equal ∠P and ∠B
7 a YZ b AAS ii AX and FG, XT and KG, TP and KB,
c XY, matching, congruent, sides, equal, equal PA and FB
8 a SSS b ∠SQT, ∠STQ e i ∠K and ∠V, ∠H and ∠U, ∠G and ∠Y,
c ∠SQT, bisected, diagonal ∠F and ∠X, ∠E and ∠W
d Rhombus, bisected, diagonal ii KH and VU, HG and UY, GF and YX, FE and
9 a ∠PLT and ∠MNT, ∠LPT and ∠NMT XW, EK and WV
b Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal f i ∠J and ∠Y, ∠K and ∠M, ∠L and ∠N
c AAS ii JK and YM, KL and MN, LJ and NY
d Matching sides of congruent triangles
e Rectangle, bisect Exercise 12-08
10 a AD is a side of ∆ABD and a side of ∆ACD 1 a Yes, since 15
------
30
= 10
------
20
= 1
---
2
and matching angles are
b SSS equal
c Matching angles of congruent triangles b No, since 12
------
18
≠ 36
------
30

c Yes, since ------ = ------

30 38
= 20
------ = 2
---
d Matching sides of congruent triangles
45 57 30 3 e Matching angles of congruent triangles
--- ≠ ---
2 2
d No, since 3 4 3 a AB = CD (side)
e Yes, since both triangles are equilateral AD = BC (side)
triangles BD is common (side)
f Yes, both figures are squares So ∆ABD ≡ ∆CDB (SSS)
1
3 ---
b LM = MN (side)
g Yes, since -----3
5
= 8
------
12
= 6
---
9
= 4
---
6
= 2
---
3 PM = MQ (side)
h Yes, since matching angles are equal ∠QML = ∠PMN (vertically opposite angles)
2 a i 1
--- ii y = 10 So ∆QML ≡ ∆PMN (SAS)
2
4 a ii Only one, yes iv Yes, ratio = 3
b i 2
---
3
ii y = 10 v Yes
b iii Yes, matching angles are equal
c i 4
---
3
ii y = 12
c i Matching angles are equal and matching
d i 5
---
3
ii y = 12.5 sides are in the same ratio
ii Matching angles are equal or matching
e i 8
---
5
ii y = 14.4 sides are in the same ratio
.
f i 10
------
3
ii y = 26 --23- or 26.6 5 b Yes
3 a B and C, scale factor = 1--2- ;
A and D, scale factor 2 Chapter 12 review
b A and C, scale factor = 1.5 1 b and g, e and l, f and k
c A and D, scale factor = 5
---
2 a DC and MN, CB and NP, BA and PL,
3
AD and LM
d A and C, scale factor = 4
---
3 b ∠D and ∠M, ∠C and ∠N, ∠B and ∠P,
4 a PN = 4.8 cm b AC = 9.6 cm ∠A and ∠L
MN = 6.4 cm TQ = 11.7 cm 3 a Rotation b Reflection
WZ = 3.125 cm c Rotation d Translation
c GF = 10.5 cm d CD = 24 mm e Rotation, translation
KH = 4 cm LM = 12 mm 4 a SAS b SSS c AAS
HI = 6.7 cm PN = 16 mm d RHS e SAS f SSS
e JH = 6.3 m f BE = CD = 14.3 mm g RHS h AAS
XW = 7 m LT = 20 mm 5 a ∆ABC ≡ ∆HKG (SAS)
BC = 25 mm b ∆XYW ≡ ∆FTD (RHS)
LM = 35 mm 6 a i AAS ii d = 12
g GF = 36 mm h XY = 6 cm b i RHS ii d = 12
GD = 12 mm DE = 7 1--3- cm c i SSS ii k = 40
KL = 18 mm d i AAS ii y = 15
KN = LM = 54 mm 7 a AC = 10 m
i PQ = 15.6 mm b c = 8, d = 6, x = 10
RQ = 12.4 mm
BC = 20.6 mm 8 a S, scale factor = 3 b S, scale factor = 1
---
2
c S, scale factor = 1
--- dC
5 a 8
------ = 4
------ b m=4 3
30 15 e N f S, scale factor = 2
6 a 8
------
20
= 2
---
5
b d = 5.6 9 a 10 5--7- b5
7 a 17.5 or 35
------ b 17.5 m 10 AC = 6.4
2
8 a 150 b 27 m 9 29.1 m 11 11.2
12 4.5 m
Power plus 13 a 40
------
3
b 8m
1 b i (SSS) and iv (AAS)
2 a WT = XT, ∠Y = ∠Z = 90°
b Vertically opposite angles Mixed revision 4
c WT = XT (side) 1 a The survey question assumes ‘employed’
∠Y = ∠Z (angle) means the same to everyone. It does not
∠WTY = ∠XTZ (angle) consider full-time or part-time, casual or
So ∆WTY ≡ ∆XTZ (AAS) permanent, etc.
ANSWERS 641
b Are you employed? 6 a Class

[ ] No [ ] Yes, full-time x f fx
interval
[ ] Yes, part-time [ ] Yes, casual, etc.
. 40–49 44.5 5 222.5
2 a Mode = 6, mean = 5.16, median = 5.5,
range = 6 .
50–59 54.5 9 490.5
b Mode = 46, 48, mean = 48.5, median = 48, 60–69 64.5 19 1225.5
range = 6 70–79 74.5 3 372.5
3 a Shoe size Frequency 80–89 84.5 2 169.0
5 5 Σf = 40 Σfx = 2480
6 8
7 6 b Car speeds
20
8 5 18
9 3 16
10 2 14
Frequency
12
11 1
10
8
b Shoe sizes
6
8
4
7 2
6 0
44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5
Frequency
5 Class centres
4 c x= 2480
------------
40
= 62 d 60–69 e 60–69
3 f i 35% ii 5%
2 7 a 29.9 b 12.7
1 8 a Cumulative frequency histogram and polygon
0 36
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Shoe size
32
.
c i 8 ii 11 d 63.3% 28
4 a Discrete b Categorical c Continuous
d Continuous 24
5 a 20
Depression era
Baby boomer
generation
generation 16
(60–77 years)
(42–59 years)
11.8%
23.8% 12
Federation-WWI
generation 8
4.2%
Generation-Xers
(22–41 years) New millennium 4
29.8% 3.3%
Net-generation
0
(2–21 years) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
27.1% Score
Median = 11
9 a Ages Frequency
b fx
(x) (f)
Baby-boomer
Generation-Xers Net-generation
generation
(22–41 years) (2–21 years)
14 6 84
(42–59 years)
29.8% 27.1% 15 11 165
23.8%
16 9 144
Federation–WW1 Depression-era 17 4 68
New millennium
generation generation
(60–77 years)
generation Σf = 30 Σfx = 461
4.2% 3.3%
11.8%

bx= 461
---------
30
c 1, since this score is removed from the main
. body of the data
= 15.36
d Yes, around 5 and 6
10 a x 3 4 5 6 7 8 e 4
f 2 8 12 10 5 3 f 82.6%
cf 2 10 22 32 37 40 5 y
x+y=2
Median = 4 4
11 a Mode = 49, median = 45, mean = 44.5 3
b Mode = 70, median = 70, mean = 70.7 2
12 C y=x−4
1
13 C
14 d = 2 x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
15 A −1
16 See bottom of page. −2
17 a 20 b 27 −3
18 B, C
−4
19 a N + 7 = 2N + 1, N = 3
b 2(2w + 3 + w) = 36, Point of intersection is (3, −1)
Length = 13 cm, width = 5 cm
6 a SAS b AAS c SAS d RHS
20 a v = 14 b m = 46 c k = −5 d h = 8 4--7- 7 a $12.00 b $38
21 a d=6 b p = 11 c y=1 8 a 9 b 35 c $16 d 12.5 L
22 B, C, D 9 a 635 b 9.37 c 0.863 d 360
23 C e 0.000 0012 f 0.87
24 a t2 b y2 c d 24 10 a $1188.19 b $5166.67
11 0.67 m
25 h = 25
------
26
12 a 30 cm2 b 320 mm2 c 30 m2
26 D 13 a 63.6 cm2 b 160.2 cm2 c 3.4 m2
27 a 19, 20, 21, 22 b 36, 38, 40 c 127 14 $1008.15
28 C 15 Science
29 A, D 16 a k12 b d5 c 15p3q4
30 a SAS b AAS c SAS d RHS d 4k 4 e 2w5x f 4n
31 a y = 7.5 b d = 18.75 c x = 36
17 a g = 2 b k = 45 c 1 5--8- or 1.625
32 A
33 a Yes, SAS b No c No 18 a 3 − 6y b 2x2 − 7x c − 4m + 4m2
d No e No f Yes, RHS d − 5 − 7f
19 D
General revision 20 D
1 a w = 102 b a = 127 c c = 38 21 36
2 A 22 A, D
3 a 6d b −7 + 5k c 8y − 6e 23 $761.10
d xy e 2f 2 − 2f f w − w2 + 5 24 a 2 b2 c 5 d4
4 a 23 25 B
b i 9 ii 6 iii 6.2 iv 6 26 a $800 b 13.3%
Mixed revision 4
16 3e – 4
---------------
5
+ 6 = 10
×3 −4 ÷5 3e − 4 +6 3e − 4
e 3e 3e − 4 ––––––
5
––––––
5
+6
= =
÷3 +4 ×5 −6
8 24 20 4 10
e=8
ANSWERS 643
27 a m = 55 b e = 41 c k=8 35 $440
28 D 36 $80
1
29 a (0.5, 2.5) b 82 c ---
9
37 87 mm
30 B 38 B
31 3.3 m 39 a m = 8.4 b k = 4.5 c y = 1.5
32 2 40 a 7.14 × 105 b 3.5 × 10 − 4 c 1.5763 × 107
33 C 41 a 2.4 × 1015 b 3.9 × 10 − 11
34 603.19

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15_New_Cent_Maths_9_SB_ANS1 Page 573 Thursday, July 17, 2003 4:14 PM

b i 50, 25, 12.5

ii Beginning with 800, halve the terms to ﬁnd

the next term each time. 1

c i 81, 243, 729

574 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

5 a −18 b 18 c −55 d 108 6 a 1--8- , 5--8- , 7

s 8 2--9- t 9 5--8- u 2 4--5- v 2 4--9- 10

Exercise 1-06 j 42 l 29 2--5-

Exercise 1-09 Exercise 1-12

576 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

5 a $63.60 b $75.15 c $8.70 h 10 + 5 × 10 = 60

1 a 38 b 9000 c 68.4 b 0.34, --13- , 13 8

578 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

b i m i 16, −32, 64, −128

ii Add 2 to ﬁnd the next term. 6 a T 1 2 3 4 5 b N = 2T + 2

580 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

p g(7 + 9g) q 2k(2k − 3) r a(b2 − c) i 15

13c 3d – 2r 9h + 10a 25 + 24w

Exercise 2-09 ii Add 4 to the previous term.

582 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

3 a i 17, 16, 15 ii p = 21 − n 2 a $39.48 b $4.95 c $5.25 d $151.84

Exercise 3-03 Exercise 3-06

Exercise 3-04 Exercise 3-07

2 a 24 b 51 c 32 d 110 e 9 f 31 1 3--4- 1.75 175%

584 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

Exercise 3-08 i 14.4% j 81.25% k 12.5%

c $2.50 × 6 = $15 d $100 − $40 = $60 6 a 12

g $12 × 10 = $120 h $190 − $90 = $100 7 C

586 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

7 a 30° b 60° c 150° i e = 115 (co-interior angles)

588 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

e 5m + 30 + 70 = 180 (co-interior angles) h i 0.1 ii 0.09 iii 0.092

Properties Trapezium Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Kite

3 a trapezium, parallelogram Exercise 4-07

590 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

4 a 177.4967 b 416.752 c 2.4156

Exercise 4-12 d i Rectangular prism

ii Rectangle iii Right prism

4 a See the table below.

3 a i Pentagonal prism Exercise 4-13

Exercise 4-12, Question 4a

left side front right side

left side front right side

left side front right side

left side front right side

left side front right side

left side front right side

592 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

594 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

3 a $525.60 b $613.20 c $394.20

c i 140 ii 419 iii 698 iv 1680 e i Gross income = $1830

596 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

4 D (Chocolate Swirl) 16 $4117.20 17 $821.70 18 $691.42

Exercise 6-04 Exercise 6-07

598 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

600 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

i AB = 1.4 units j AB = 10 units 3 a i cube ii cylinder

25 a 22.7% b 21.4% c 24.9% h 5×p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q

602 NEW CENTURY MATHS 9

i w4 j x10 k n24 l d9 Exercise 7-07

5 a m−1 b w−1 c 8−1 d 9−1 e 2−2 7 a 1