Temple

Notes Images
(dedication)

The date of the Archaic temple's construction

establishes when monumental architecture
Temple of Isthmia began in Greece, as well as when the transition
(Poseidon) from Iron Age architecture to Doric occurred.
This was also the point at which the Greek
temple became a defined form.

Temple of Hera
(Hera)

Doric "peripteral pseudodipteral" temple, which

may be the earliest known to incorporate all the
Temple of Artemis
major elements of the Doric order. It is the
(Artemis)
earliest known Doric temple to have been built
entirely in stone.

Kardaki Temple
(unknown)

Doric peripteral hexastyle building with 16

columns at each side, being long for its breadth
in the Archaic style of this date. The building was
originally of wood and clay brick construction on
Temple of Hera
a stone base, with the wooden external columns
and internal hypostyle columns being replaced
with stone piecemeal, so columns are greatly
varied.
 Doric peripteral hexastyle temple with 15
columns at each side with two inner chambers on
a crepidoma of 3 steps. It was like the Temple of
Hera at Olympia, but built entirely of stone. The
Temple of Apollo
columns were monolithic with seven of the
original 38 surviving. The broad capitals were
carved as separate pieces and coated with
marble stucco.

Doric temple on the side of Mount Parnassus,

had its legendary origins with the mythical hero
architects Trophonius and Agamedes. This, the
third temple on the site (330 BC), is
by Spintharus, Xenodoros and Agathon. with
Temple of Apollo
sculpture by Praias and Androsthenes, retained
a hexastyle form with 15 columns at the sides
from an earlier building, and was constructed of
porous limestone. Little of the temple remains
beyond its foundations.

Doric temple which commands a high point on

the east side of the island of Aegina, 40 km
(25 mi) from Athens. It has a peripteral hexastyle
plan with 12 columns along each side, showing
the development towards temples that were
shorter for their width. The interior has
The Temple of Aphaea
a hypostyle in two stages. The Doric Order
(Aphaea)
demonstrates great refinement
throughout. Ceramic roof ornaments
and pedimental sculpture showing the battle
before Troy have survived. No metopes have
been found, and it is thought that they were of
wood.

Doric, architect: Libon of Elis. A refined peripteral

hexastyle temple with 13 columns along each
side, in the Classical manner. It had pedimental
sculpture of "outstanding magnificence". The
Temple of Zeus local limestone was covered with stucco, while
the sculpture, tiles and gutters were marble with
bronze acroteria. From 448 BC it housed a
colossal chryselephantine statue of Zeus 12
metres (40 feet) high by Pheidias.

A small Ionic temple, architect: Callicrates,

beside the Ilissus River which ran through
Temple on the Ilisos[note Athens. It was amphi-prostyle tetrastyle. It
1]
differed from the small temples and treasuries by
builders from Asia Minor in having a frieze
around the entablature.
 Also known as the Theseion, a Doric peripteral
hexastyle building with 13 columns at each
side. It is well preserved externally, having been
modified at the eastern end to serve as
Temple of Hephaestos
an Orthodox church. It has internal friezes over
the porches at either end and has retained much
of the original marble coffering over the
ambulatory, some with original colourful paint.

The architect, Ictinus, introduced the use of all

three orders within a single building and
orientated the building north south instead of
east west. While the ends appear a
Temple of Apollo regular hexastyle temple, it is very long for its
Epicurius width, about 2.3:1 The interior had many unusual
features including Ionic capitals of unique design,
a central Corinthian column and an
asymmetrically placed statue of Apollo, lit by a
side door facing the morning sun.

A temple of the Doric Order commanding

the Acropolis of Athens. The most renowned of
Greek temples and one of the most influential
buildings in the world of architecture. Built
for Pericles by Ictinus and Callicrates and
ornamented with sculpture under the direction
of Pheidias. A peripetral octastyle plan, with a
ratio of about 4:9. The hypostyle naos contained
a colossal statue of Athena. A second chamber,
The Parthenon the parthenon or "virgins' chamber" was
supported on four tall Ionic columns. While
the High Classical sculpture of the exterior is
contained by pediment and metope in the Doric
style, a frieze encircles the exterior wall of the
naos in the Ionic manner. The temple remained
relatively intact until the 18th century, from when
it suffered several incidents of serious damage.
Much of its sculptured ornament is in the British
Museum.

Doric peripteral hexastyle building, with

attenuated columns (6.12 m) and the perfected
Classical proportion of being just slightly longer
than twice its width and representing, with
Temple of Poseidon the Parthenon and the Temple of Poseidon at
Paestum, the ultimate refinement of the Doric
Order. Remnants of its frieze depicting the story
of Theseus and the Battle of Lapiths and
Centaurs survive.
 Doric hexastyle temple with 12 columns on the
Temple of Nemesis
sides, with the columns left unfluted and the
(Nemesis)
stylobate unfinished.

Ionic temple also called Nike Apteros ("Victory

without wings"), architect: Callicrates. A
small amphi-prostyle tetrastyle temple, which
Temple of Athena Nike was built close to the Propylaea on the Acropolis.
The temple was demolished in 1687 and the
stone reused for Turkish fortifications, but were
recovered and the temple reassembled in 1836.

Ionic temple on the Acropolis of

Athens dedicated to Athena Polias, defender of
the city; Erechtheus and Poseidon.
Architect: Mnesicles. The building is highly
irregular, as there are encroaching sacred sites
on two sides, and the ground falls away steeply.
The main part is an amphi-prostyle
hexastyle building with its portico to the east and
The Erechtheion encircled by a frieze of
black limestone previously adorned with marble
figures. There are three chambers, the larger
dedicated to Athena and accessed by the
eastern portico. The north porch is tetrastyle two
bays deep and contains a large doorway in a
good state of preservation. The southern porch
has six caryatids 7 ft 9 in (2.36 m) supporting the
entablature.

A circular temple or treasury built by Theodorus

of Phocaea which established the pattern of
Tholos of Delphi
circular temples. An early example of a Doric
(Athena)
exterior with a Corinthian interior. The exterior
and interior had 20 and 10 columns respectively.

Doric hexastyle building with 11 columns on the

sides, architect: Theodotus. It had pedimental
sculpture by Timotheos, including acroteria in the
Temple of Asclepius form of small statues. The expense accounts for
the construction of this temple have survived.
(Picture: The ruins of the temple's foundations
are in the foreground. The columns are part of
the Stoa of the Sick and mark an area dedicated
 to Asclepius.)

A circular temple or treasury, surrounded by

Tholos of Polycleitos twenty six columns of the Doric Order and having
14 internal Corinthian columns.

Ionic tholos, with 18 external Ionic columns and 9

internal Corinthian columns, architect: Leochares.
The Philippeion
It was built as a memorial to Philip II of Macedon
and his family.

Doric peripteral hexastyle building with 13

columns on the sides. With other temple
buildings inside the sanctuary at Delos. Its
Delian Temple of Apollo
completion was delayed. The whole site is in a
ruinous state and little of the temple remains
except the outer part of the crepidoma.

Doric peripteral hexastyle building with 17

columns down each side and an additional row of
Temple of Apollo columns at the eastern end. The columns at the
sides are very close together.

A huge Corinthian temple, architect: Cossutius.

Built as a gift to Athens by Antiochus
Epiphanes and constructed in 3 stages. It
was dipteral octastyle and was long for its width
in the style off the much earlier Archaic period. It
had 20 columns on each side and a triple row at
the porticos, 104 columns, (diameter: 1.9 metres
The Temple of
diameter, height: 17 metres high)(6 ft 4 ins;
Olympian Zeus
56 ft). Some of the columns were shipped to
Rome before the temple was complete and used
for the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus where they
had a profound effect on Roman architecture. It
was completed and dedicated by Hadrian, more
than 300 years after it began. Only 15 columns
remain.
 One of a group of Doric temples on the Acropolis
or "western group" at Selinunte. (distant view) It
has similarities to the Temple of Apollo at
Syracuse. It is a peripteral hexastyle temple with
17 columns at the sides and an additional row of
Selinunte Temple "C" columns at the eastern end. Like other temples
(Apollo) at this location it had a second room, only
accessible from the naos, which was narrow and
had no internal columns. The aisles are
correspondingly wider. Metopes from this temple
showing Archaic sculpture of the Labours of
Hercules are in the National Museum, Palermo.

One of the earliest Doric temples to have

survived substantially intact. Also known as "the
Basilica", it is an unusual building with 9 columns
across the front, 18 on each side and a row of
Temple of Hera I
columns along the centre of the naos; peripteral
enneastyle in plan. Its columns have very
marked entasis (cigar-shaped) and flattened
bulging capitals.

The best preserved Doric temple at Selinunte, it

is in the eastern group with Temple "F" and
Temple "G". It is a peripteral hexastyle temple
Temple of Hera, with 15 columns at each side, wide aisles and a
(Temple "E") broad flight of steps to the stylobate.. It has a
long narrow naos and inner chamber like other
temples at Selinunte but has inner porches at
both ends in the Greek manner.

Doric hexastyle temple with 14 columns at each

side. The columns appear to have had a low
screen wall running between them. In other ways
it strongly resembles Selinunte Temple "C",
Temple "F" having wide aisles, a deep colonnaded porch
and a long narrow naos with a second
chamber. It at the eastern temple site at
Selinunte, between Temples "E" and "G". It is in
a ruined state.

Doric peripteral octastyle temple with 18 columns

at the sides, in the eastern group at Selinunte,
with Temples "E" and "F". It is the largest temple
at this site and was never completed. It is now in
The Great Temple of a state of total ruin. An ambitious building of
Apollo, (Temple "G") distinctive plan, having a stylobate rising in two
levels and aisles of sufficient width to suggest
that either a second row of columns was
intended, or that the builders of Sicily, unlike their
mainland Greek counterparts, used the trussed
roof. The colonnaded inner porch has side, as
 well as front columns, so that the temple might
be termed "pseudo-dipteral". There was a double
row of columns within the cella, rising in two
stages, of very much more delicate proportions
than the exterior colonnade.

Also called the Temple of Demeter, a

Doric peripteral hexastyle building with thirteen
columns at the side, having proportions that were
to be established as the Doric ideal in such
buildings as the Temple of Poseidon at Sunion.
Temple of Athena The columns have pronounced entasis and the
capitals are large and wide. This temple had a
number of Ionic features, including the columns
of its inner porch and the moulding that ran
between the architrave and typically Doric frieze
of triglyphs and metopes.

Doric pseudoperipteral building with seven

attached columns (height: approx. 17
Temple of the Olympian metres)(56 ft) across the front
Zeus with Atlantes (height: 6 metres/20 feet) between
them. The building's coarse exterior stone was
coated with marble stucco.

Of Doric hexastyle plan with 14 columns at the

Temple of Athena sides. Part of the structure is incorporated
in Syracuse Cathedral.

Doric temple built south east of the large ancient

city of Agrigento, with the Temple of Concord,
Temple of Hera Lacinia
the Temple of Zeus Olympias and several others,
in an area known as the Valle dei Templi

Doric, one of the best preserved temples,

showing a consolidation of ideas of design that
were developing towards an "ideal type" already
Second Temple of
prevalent in Greece. It is a hexastyle temple with
Hera ("Temple of
rather stout columns (8.85 metres high)(29 ft)
Poseidon")
and a hypostyle naos rising in two
stages. Originally thought to have been
dedicated to Poseidon
 Doric temple (Agrigento "F") is a very well
preserved peripteral hexastyle building with 13
Temple of Concordia
columns at each side, in the manner of temples
in Greece.

Doric peripteral hexastyle plan, is unusual in

having unfluted columns that stand on square
plinths in two stages. It also has no cella walls.
Temple at Segesta
These features probably indicate that the building
was left incomplete, but it has been suggested
that no cella was intended.

Ionic temple, probably a dipteral octastyle plan,

with columns having up to 48 flutes, and a varied
design on the Ionic capitals which were each 3
metres wide (10 ft). The lower part of each
column had an encircling frieze of figures and
The Archaic Temple of stood on a deeply moulded torus and, used here
Artemis for the first time, a square plinth that was to
become an accepted feature of Classical
architecture. The temple was burned down in
356 BC and rebuilt. Was one of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World and survived until
somewhere around the 5th century CE.

Ionic temple, architects: Rhoikos and Theodoros

of Samos, of dipteral plan, having two rows of 8
columns at the eastern end and two rows of 9 at
the western and 24 columns at each side.. It was
Temple of Hera built on the site of the earliest very large Ionic
(Hera) temple, destroyed by fire. It was of similar plan,
and retained the bases of the earlier temple's
columns within its foundations. After its
destruction around 550 BC a third, even larger,
temple was started nearby.

One of the "Seven Wonders of the Ancient

World". It was an Ionic temple,
architects: Demetrius and Paeonius of Ephesus;
sculptor: Scopas. Centre of the Pan-Ionian
festival. The third temple dedicated to Artemis on
the site, it was dipteral octastyle at the front, with
Temple of Artemis
the space between the columns increasing
towards the central space, where the stone lintel
(height: 1.2 metres)(4 ft) spanned over 8.5
metres (28 ft). At the rear, the temple had 9
a model of the lost temple, as
columns. The temple's stylobate was raised on a viewed from the back
high crepidoma (height: 2.75 metres)(9 ft). The
Ionic capitals were much less wide than those of
 the Archaic temple, and the columns had the
regular 24 flutes. A feature which appears to
have been introduced at this temple was the
cubic pedestal between the column and its
square plinth. Archaeologists are still uncertain
whether the temple had a frieze or not.

Ionic temple, architect: Pythius of Priene,

of peripteral hexastyle temple, with ratio
Temple of Athena approximately 1:2. The columns (height:
Polias 11.45)(37 ft 6 ins) rest on plinths. Like many
other Ionic temples of Asia Minor, there was no
frieze.

One of the largest Ionic temples. It was dipteral

octastyle, with its entrance to the west. It was left
Temple of Artemis–
unfinished, with further construction around
Cybele
275 BC and was completed by the Romans.
(Artemis–Cybele)
Little remains standing except the foundations,
two intact columns and several stumps.

Ionic 3temple with

early Corinthian features, architects: Paeonius of
Ephesus and Daphnis of Miletus. This dipteral
decastyle temple with 21 columns on each side,
was not much smaller than the enormous
Temple of Apollo Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. It was under
Didymaeus construction for about 250 years but was never
completed. The naos was never roofed, but
remained a sunken courtyard in which there was
a shrine that housed the statue of Apollo. The
temple had a door flanked by attached columns
with early examples of Corinthian capitals.

Ionic temple, architect: Hermogenes of Priene,

was peripteral hexastyle with 11 columns at the
Temple of Dionysus
sides. The columns were set on plinths and there
was a frieze of Dyonisiac scenes.
Temple of Sangri
Ionic
(Demeter)

Temple of Demeter
Amphictyonis