V3.4 V3.

Module Features

• Determines hydraulic performance for a specified set of conditions

HYDRAULICS • Designs hydraulic system for optimum performance
– For max. bit hydraulic horsepower (BHHP)
– For max. jet impact force (IF)

Optimizing for max. BHHP or max. IF, the program shows the relationship
graphically between flow rate, SPP, and bit TFA for a given drill string and
wellbore configuration.

V3.4

Hydraulics Main Screen Flow Behavior Comparison

Yield Power-Law

Shear
stress
Power-Law
Bingham-plastic

Newtonic

Shear rate

V3.4 V3.4

Rheology Models Model Inefficiencies

• Newtonian t = µD • Bingham overstates drillstring losses

• Power Law understates annular losses
• Yield Power Law most accurate
• Bingham Plastic t = t 0+µD • None account for temperature and pressure effects

• Power Law t = KDn pseudo-plastic

• Yield Power Law t = t 0+ KDn

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 V3.4 V3.4

Viscosimeter Data Evaluation Hydraulics

Bingham-plastic parameters :
Issues :
• PV =T 600 – T 300 cP
• YP =T 300 – PV lb/100 sq.ft • Flow Regime (laminar or turbulent)
• Hole Erosion
Power-law parameters : • Pressure Losses
• Bit Cleaning
Θ600 • Bottom Hole Cleaning
n = 3. 32 × log -
Θ300 • Cuttings Transport in Annulus
• Hydraulic Power for Downhole Tools
Θ300 • Standpipe Pressure
K= lb-s n/100 sq.ft
• Pump Liners Size, Pump Rate(s)
511n

V3.4 V3.4

Annular Hydraulics Bit Hydraulics

q fps
• Jet velocity : v j = 0 .32 ×
TFA

• Cuttings removal is of primary importance

q2 × MW psi
• Hole erosion (washouts) • Bit pressure loss : ∆Pb = 2
10858× TFA
• Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD)
• Critical velocity in annulus ∆Pb × Q
• Bit hydraulic horsepower : BHHP = hp
– Laminar Flow 1714
– Turbulent Flow
• Pressure loss in annulus BHHP
• Hydraulic horsepower per sq. inch : HSI = 1 .27 × hp/sq.in
Db 2

V3.4 V3.4

Bit Hydraulics Hydraulics

Optimization criteria :
Pressure losses :
• Bit Hydraulic Horsepower : BHHP = f(? Pb ; Q)
∆Pb × Q • Surface System 5% 5
BHHP= hp
1714 • Drill String 40% 40
Optimum : at 65% of the pump pressure lost at bit • Downhole Tools 0-20% 20
• Annulus 5% 5
• Bit 30-50% 30
• Impact Force : IF = f(MW;Q;vj) _________

MW × v j × Q 100 %
IF = lbs
1930

Optimum : at 48% of the pump pressure lost at bit

Note : optimum hydraulics requires 48-65% of the total pressure lost in the bit

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 V3.4 V3.4

Prior Run Calculation Recommendations

• Flow rate : 4.5~7.0 gpm/in2 ; depending on formation hardness

SPP = C1 QC2 or 30~70 gpm/in of bit diameter

• Input Q1- SPP1 and Q2 - SPP2 • Pressure loss at bit : 50~65% of total pressure loss
• Same drill string configuration, same mud weight and viscosity ~50% for roller cone bits
• From two sets of data (2 equations) C1 and C2 could be defined ~65% for fixed cutter bit
• When C1 and C2 are known, SPP for every Q could be calculated
• Jet velocity : 300~450 fps

• HSI : 2.5~7.0 depending on bit

• Annular flow : laminar

• Transport ratio : > 50%

V3.4

Hydraulics
Notes :

• Motor and MWD data are supplied in pick tables

• Check the pressure drop data in the tables and correct
• Surface equipment type code has to be supplied
• Measure / estimate the equivalent cuttings diameter and density
• Calculate cuttings transport ratio
• Calculate pump strokes / minute