‫‪ (II‬ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪّﻡ)‪ (d‬ﻭﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ‪p‬‬

‫ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ﻝﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺲﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ (d‬ﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ » ‪ «P‬ﺛ ّﻢ ﺃﻋﻴّﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﺳﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻴﻢ )‪(d‬‬
‫‪2T‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ» ‪ « A‬ﻭ» ‪« B‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ‪ P‬ﻭﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪ )‪(d‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ]‪ [AB‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺛ ّﻢ ﻧﺒﻨﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪ C‬ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪A‬ﻭ‪ B‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ )‪ (CP‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮ ّ‬ ‫‪2T‬‬

‫ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺱ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (d‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪P‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻧﻤ ّﺪﺩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻧﺘﺤﺼّﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻟــ )‪(d‬‬

‫‪ (III‬ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪّﻡ)‪ (d‬ﻭﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ‪p‬‬

‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ)’‪ (D‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘ ّﺪﻡ)‪ (d‬ﻭﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ‪P‬ﻧﺒﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ)‪ (D‬ﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪ )‪ (d‬ﻭﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪p‬‬
‫ﺛ ّﻢ ﻧﺒﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ)’‪ (D‬ﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪ )‪ (D‬ﻭﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪p‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ (d ) ⊥ ( D‬ﻭ ) '‪ ( D) ⊥ ( D‬ﻓﺈﻥّ ) ‪( D' ) //(d‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ) ‪ ( D' ) //(d‬ﻭ ) '‪ ( D) ⊥ ( D‬ﻓﺈﻥّ )‪(d ) ⊥ ( D‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ) ‪ ( D' ) //( D2‬ﻭ ) '‪ ( D3 ) //( D‬ﻓﺈﻥّ ) ‪( D2 ) //( D3‬‬

‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴّﻦ ّ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻴّﻦ ﺃﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‬