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  • Know How To Read A Codon Chart - Be Able To Identify A Mutation in A DNA Sequence

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    Emiliano Arvizu Franco Jr
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    Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases. DNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine as its nitrogen bases while RNA contains adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Transcription produces RNA from DNA, and translation uses RNA to produce proteins according to codons, which are mRNA triplets that code for amino acids. There are different types of mutations that can occur at the gene or chromosome level, with chromosomal mutations typically affecting multiple genes and sometimes the number of chromosomes. Gene mutations are usually point mutations or frameshifts while chromosomal mutations can involve translocations of DNA between chromosomes.

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    Things to know Unit 10

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    Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases. DNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine as its nitrogen bases while RNA contains adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Transcription produces RNA from DNA, and translation uses RNA to produce proteins according to codons, which are mRNA triplets that code for amino acids. There are different types of mutations that can occur at the gene or chromosome level, with chromosomal mutations typically affecting multiple genes and sometimes the number of chromosomes. Gene mutations are usually point mutations or frameshifts while chromosomal mutations can involve translocations of DNA between chromosomes.

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    Know How To Read A Codon Chart - Be Able To Identify A Mutation in A DNA Sequence

    Uploaded by

    Emiliano Arvizu Franco Jr
    Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases. DNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine as its nitrogen bases while RNA contains adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Transcription produces RNA from DNA, and translation uses RNA to produce proteins according to codons, which are mRNA triplets that code for amino acids. There are different types of mutations that can occur at the gene or chromosome level, with chromosomal mutations typically affecting multiple genes and sometimes the number of chromosomes. Gene mutations are usually point mutations or frameshifts while chromosomal mutations can involve translocations of DNA between chromosomes.

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    - Nucleotide: sugar, nitrogen base phosphate group

    - DNA nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine


    - RNS nitrogen bases: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
    - Transcription= RNA produced
    - Translation= RNA made into protein
    - Codon= mRNA triplet that codes for an amino acid
    - rRNA= form ribosomes
    - mRNA= give message for translation
    - tRNA= transfer the amino acids to the ribosome during translation
    - Translocation= mutation caused by DNA breaking from its chromosome and attaching to
    a nonhomologous chromosome
    - Molecules involved in protein synthesis= mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
    - Gene mutations vs. chromosomal mutations:
    - Gene- only affect one gene
    - Chromosome- affect multiple genes, can change # of chromosomes
    - Gene mutations:
    - Point: substitution
    - Frameshift: insertion/deletion
    - Chromosomal mutations:
    - Translocation: DNA from one chromosome attaching to nonhomologous
    chromosome
    - Know how to read a codon chart
    - Anticodon= opposite of mRNA (STILL WITH U INSTEAD OF T BECAUSE ITS RNA)
    - Know how to transcribe mRNA back to DNA (now you will have T)
    - Most mutations HAVE NO EFFECT ON THE ORGANISM
    - RNA:
    - Ribose sugar
    - Single stranded
    - Uracil instead of Thymine
    - Only mutations in sex (germ) cells will be passed on to your offspring
    - Be able to identify a mutation in a DNA sequence
    - Nucleotide bases are responsible for the direct coding of traits
    - Trisomy= having an extra chromosome (tri=3 instead of the normal 2

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