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    Attorney and former state representative Miguel De Grandy was the lead consultant who produced this study of the need for redistricting in the city of Miami following the 2010 Census. The commission ultimately approved redrawn districts in May 2013.

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    Miami Redistricting Report after 2010 Census

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    Attorney and former state representative Miguel De Grandy was the lead consultant who produced this study of the need for redistricting in the city of Miami following the 2010 Census. The commission ultimately approved redrawn districts in May 2013.

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    Download as pdf
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    Miami Redistricting Report After 2010 Census

    Uploaded by

    Joey Flechas
    Attorney and former state representative Miguel De Grandy was the lead consultant who produced this study of the need for redistricting in the city of Miami following the 2010 Census. The commission ultimately approved redrawn districts in May 2013.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MIGUEL DE GRANDY, PA Redistricting Consultants REPORT ON THE STATUS OF REDISTRICTING AND PROPOSED REDISTRICTING PLAN Presented to the City of Miami City Commission Miguel A. De Grandy, Esq., Pablo Tamayo, Esq., & Stephen M. Cody, J.D. {800 Douglas Ran, Suite 680, Corl Gables, FL3I34 TWiephone (305) 444-7737 Fax:(305) 443-2616 aeDeGuanéyLawcom Table of Contents Introductions The Need to Redistrict Chronology To Date. \ Basic Redistricting Principles. Initial Policy Directives From The Commission Racially Polarized Voting in the City of Miami Public Comments From Public Hearings. District 1 and District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5: . R Maintaining Traditional Neighborhoods Within One District Where Feasible. Specific Principles Utilized in Preparing The Proposed Redistricting Plan ‘The Subareds of the City of Miami... Subarea 1 Subarea 2... Subarea 3. Subarea: Subarea 5. Subarea 6. Subarea 7... Subarea Bsn Subareas 9 and 10. Subarea 11 Subarea 12. Subarea 13. Subatea 14... Subatea 15. Subarea 16.0: The Proposed Redistricting Plan... Pending Issues To Be Addressed Migut De Grand? 4 RedistrictingtheCommission TABI REDISTRICTING THE CITY OF MIAMI COMMISSION AFTER THE 2010 CENSUS: TAB2 RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY POLARIZED VOTING IN THE CITY OF MIAML “ TABS PRESENTATION TO THE MIAMI CITY COMMISSION... Migs De Grand PA RedistrictingiheCommission Introduction In response to the constitutional mandate to redistrict prior to the November 2013 City of Miami election, City Manager Johnny Martinez retained Miguel De Grandy, P.A. and Stephen Cody in April 2012 to provide legal and consulting services on redistricting and Voting Rights Act mat- ters, The Need to Redistrict! ‘The 2010 Census revealed that population growth had the result of making the present district- ing map malapportioned. The population of the existing districts can be found in the table below.? 1 77704 2187 2% 8843 1257 453 2 96,333 16482 2058% s2i7 1436 37 3 77190 2201 276% 9050 525 721 4 80,681 70 09% 919 264 6.66 5 67049 “12882 16.07% 2379 7552 375 Total 399,457 36.65% As shown above, the difference between the largest and the smallest district is 36.65 percent. Federal courts have uniformly held that a redistricting scheme that exceeds 10 percent in popu- lation deviation is per se violative of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The present redistricting plan, drawn from a map prepared by the City’s Planning Department in January 2012 can be found on the following page. (The Planning Department's map can be found at: http: www.miamigov.com Planning /Maps/2012CommissionDistrict.pdf.) A full discussion of the demographics of the present redistricting plan can be found in the re- port behind Tab 1. "The percentage totals forthe racial and ethnic groups in each district may total more than 100 percent, The Census allows persons to self-identity as members of multiple groups. For instance, a resident could report as both Hispanic and Black. In that case, he or she would be included in both the Black and Hispanic groups for purposes ofthe Cen- sus. Rather than try to assume that the small number of persons who self-reported as both Black and Hispanic should be placed solely in either category, they were placed in both groups. 2 The ideal population size fora City of Miami district after the 2010 Census is 79,891 residents. The deviations shown are the amount by which the population ofthe existing districts were less than or exceeded that ideal popula- tion number. Miguel De Grandy, LA Redistricting the Commission fFe bi uelg SU_SLASIq turer Jo AWD Juasarg Chronology To Date Beginning in May 2012, the redistricting consultants met with each Commissioner to obtain in- put as to what each Commissioner believed to be relevant communities of interest in the City. Following these initial meetings, we provided the Commission with a legal primer designed to highlight and outline the fundamental legal principles of redistricting. (Attached hereto at Tab 1). ‘An analysis was conducted of voting in the City of Miami to determine the presence or absence of racially polarized voting, (Attached hereto at Tab 2.) The existence or non-existence of racially polarized voting would help determine the extent to which the City was required to draw a dis- trict with a Black voting age population majority. During a City of Miami Commission meeting in June 2012, Miguel De Grandy, Esq. and Pablo Tamayo, Esq. publicly discussed the redistricting process. During the presentation, they sug- gested a proposed redistricting timeline and discussed some of the important substantive rules and principles of redistricting law that had previously been outlined in the legal primer. In that presentation, they also discussed the relevant demographic data concerning the City of Miami from the 2000 Census. (Attached hereto at Tab 3). Following that legal and technical presenta- tion, the Commission instructed the redistricting consultants to hold five public hearings within the City of Miami to afford residents the opportunity to learn about the redistricting process, and to opine on individual preferences concerning the City’s district composition. The Commis- sion also provided initial policy direction as to the different redistricting criteria that should be considered and utilized in preparation of a proposed plan for the Commission’s consideration. As instructed by the Commission, the redistricting consultants have also held five redistricting public hearings within the City, discussed infra. Together with the initial policy directives from the Commission, applicable legal redistricting principles, and public comments from redistrict- ing public hearings, 16 separate subareas of the City were identified as potential candidates for ‘movement from one district to another. Each of the Subareas is discussed in detail later in this report. Based upon the identified subareas, redistricting consultants have prepared a Proposed Redis- tricting Plan which meets most of the policy goals and directions given by the City Commission and which complies with constitutional principles, as well as the federal Voting Rights Act. A ‘map of the Proposed Redistricting Plan can be found later in this report. Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Basic Redistricting Principles The law governing reapportionment and redistricting is derived from a series of different sources, including the United States Constitution, and the U.S. Code, all as interpreted by a ‘number of key court rulings. The redistricting consultants developed the Proposed Redistricting Plan in compliance with requirements of the Constitution, as well as the Voting Rights Act. The redistricting consultants will continue to provide substantive legal analysis and input during the consideration of the Proposed Redistricting Plan to insure that the adopted plan complies with all applicable legal standards and principles of redistricting law, as explained in Tabs 1 and 3 While the redistricting consultants will be advising the Commission throughout the process, when considering redistricting plans, the Commission should be guided by three basic legal principles: @ Each commission district must achieve substantial equality of population within the deviation permitted under the case law and all deviations should have a rational basis. @ The City must not engage in racial gerrymandering, @ The new commission districts must not dilute the votes of minority communi- ties. Initial Policy Directives From The Commission It is important to note that while the Commission's policy directives are, of course, important factors in this process, any district map must — first and foremost — conform to the constitu- tional principles of redistricting and applicable voting rights laws. Additionally, it is significant to point out that the redistricting process also involves a continuous process of accommodating competing interests. The challenge is to find an equitable balance of these important competing interests that complies with the law. As prefaced earlier, at the June 2012 City Commission meet- ing, following a legal and technical presentation, the Commission discussed the redistricting process and identified the following as initial policy considerations to be utilized when drafting redistricting plans: Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission @ Districts should be drawn within the deviations permitted by law, which ‘means within an overall deviation of no more than 10 percent. @ Districts should, to the extent possible, retain the core of existing districts. @ Districts should use, where possible, well known natural and man-made boundaries. @ District 3 should achieve a total deviation as close to zero as possible.» @ Districts should, to the extent possible, keep neighborhoods and communities of interest intact. Racially Polarized Voting in the City of Miami ‘The Supreme Court has determined that a minority group can invoke the protection of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act when it can establish three preconditions. The first is that the minority group is large enough and compact enough to form a majority in a single member district. The second is that the minority voters must demonstrate that they are politically cohesive: that is that they tend to support the same candidates. Finally, a minority group must establish that the majority group is also politically cohesive, but that it usually opposes the minority’s chosen candidate. As both the existing map and the Proposed Redistricting Plan demonstrate, it is possible to draw a redistricting plan which has a Black voting age population majority. Thus, the first prong of the Supreme Court's test in Thornburg v. Gingles is satisfied. The redistricting consultants looked at 14 electoral contests held during general elections in even numbered years from 2006 to 2012, focusing on high profile offices. As discussed in the analysis attached behind Tab 2, races held during primaries were not used because tumout was much lower than during general elections. Likewise, the Mayoral race in 2009 was not consid- ered because turnout in the election was even lower than during the state primaries. Neverthe- less, the statistical analysis on these high profile state and county races clearly shows that the candidates preferred by Black voters received between 75 and 100 percent of the vote of Black * In subsequent meetings with Commissioner Carollo, he expressed a desire to maintain District 3 in its present con- figuration. Because of the directive regarding District 3 was only brought up by Commissioner Carollo and because the existing deviation is not substantial and maintaining the core of the existing district was also a Commission direc- tive, the redistricting consultants decided to draft the map consistent withthe amended policy directive, Miguel De Grandy, P.A Redistricting the Commission voters. Therefore, there is ample evidence of Black voter political cohesion to satisfy the second rong of the Gingles test. Non-black voters, and especially Hispanics, have usually rejected the Black voters’ preferred candidates. Statistical models indicate that in the 2010 general election, Kendrick Meek received nearly zero percent of the Hispanic vote, while garnering nearly 100 percent of the Black vote. The only exceptions occurred in 2012 when two candidates, Barack Obama and Bill Nelson, managed to receive a majority of the non-Black vote. In none of the other elections did the can- didates preferred by Black voters receive a majority of non-Black votes. Thus, it appears that the third prong of the Gingies test can also be established. The full analysis of racially polarized voting can be found in the report attached at Tab 2 In light of the racially polarized voting that has taken place within the City during the last dec- ade, the redistricting consultants have concluded that the City would be obligated under the Voting Rights Act to maintain a district with a Black voting age population majority. Public Comments From Public Hearings Itis important to note that, although not legally required, the Commission instructed redistrict- ing consultants to hold five public hearings before any new or proposed plans were drawn be- cause the Commission wished to give any interested citizen an opportunity to provide input that could be considered in the drafting of a proposed plan. The meetings were not exclusive to the citizens in each district as all citizens were invited to attend each meeting. ‘The public hearings were all advertised pursuant to the City’s standard notice procedures for non-Commission meeting public hearings. All meetings were tape recorded. In each of the pub- hearings, Miguel De Grandy, Esq, provided a brief legal and technical redistricting presenta- tion, and stressed that the Commission's instruction was to allow the residents to publicly state their redistricting preferences on the record. The public was encouraged to submit written comments, plans, suggestions, and/or inquiries to the City Clerk. The hearings were recorded and the audio tapes are available in the City Clerk's office. District 1 and District 2 At the request of Commissioner Gort, a combined public hearing was held for District 1 and District 2 at the Miami City Hall chambers. Unfortunately, there were no citizens present for this public hearing and there was no public input received. However, that meeting was broadcast Miguel De Grandy, PA. Redistricting the Commission over the City’s public access cable channel to inform City residents of the redistricting process and to encourage their participation in subsequent meetings, District 3 A public hearing for District 3 was held at the Jose Marti Park Gym. Three citizens appeared for this hearing. Two were only there to observe and did not provide any input, and the third per- son was actually from District 2, but she did have a few concerns. Her first was that the districts be kept intact as much as possible to ensure the flow of services and so that people could have continuity in their representatives. Additionally, she indicated that her desire was to remain within District 2. (Her residence remained in District 2 because there was no need to alter that portion of the district.) District 4 The public hearing for District 4 was held at Our Lady of Lebanon Catholic Church on Coral Way. Only one citizen appeared and his request was that we move the boundary of District 4 down to 25th Street so that his residence would be taken out of District 2 and moved into Dis- trict 4.4 District 5 ‘There were two public meetings in District 5. The first meeting was advertised for the wrong location, the Little Haiti Cultural Center, even though it was to be held in the Little Haiti Park. Nevertheless, three residents were able to find their way to the first meeting. The second meet ing was properly advertised and eight people attended. At that meeting, some of the residents spoke about concerns regarding dilution of the current Black voting strength in District 5. Oth- ers spoke about the desire to move the southern part of District 5 into the Southeast Community Redevelopment District area. A final concern was over connecting the northeast area of District 2 into District 5, but keeping as much of the upper east side together as a traditional neighborhood. ‘This was substantially accomplished because the change was necessary to further equalize the population and bring, ‘more ofthe traditional neighborhood of Silver Bluff into District 4, (See Subarea 16 in the discussion that follows) ® These concerns were taken into consideration in drawing the Proposed Redistricting Plan. For example, inline with the residents’ requests, the traditional neighborhood of Shorecrest was moved into District 5 to satisfy the legal re {quirements and partially comply with the Commission‘s directives. The remaining portion of Little River was also fully integrated into District 5. Additionally the southern boundary of District 5 was altered to more closely conform ‘with the two CRA district boundaries north of the Miami River, Miguel De Grandy, PLA Redistricting the Commission Maintaining Traditional Neighborhoods Within One District Where Feasible In order to comply with the Commissions directive to try and keep traditional neighborhoods intact, your consultants compared the City of Miami Neighborhoods Map with the Present Dis- trict Plan and the Proposed Redistricting Plan. (The Neighborhood Map can be found on the following page.)*It is important to note that the Neighborhoods Map only contains thirty-seven neighborhoods. There may be several other subareas in the City that are not referenced in the Neighborhood Map. However, to be consistent, we will only be addressing those neighbor- hoods that appear in the Neighborhood Map. Out of those 37 neighborhoods, there are thirteen that are split to some extent in the City’s Pre- sent Plan. Those neighborhoods include Silver Bluff (D2 and D4), Brickell (D2, D3 and D5), Shenandoah (D4 and D3), Flagami (D4 and D1), West Flagler (D4, D1 and D3), Allapattah (D1 and D5), Little River (D2 and Ds), Lemon City (D2 and D5), Wynwood (D2 and DS), Civic Cen- ter (D1 and D5), Omni (D2 and D5), Park West (D2 and D5) and Downtown (D2 and D3). In the Proposed Plan, your redistricting consultants made several changes that brought more of the neighborhoods that are split in the Present Plan into the same district. For example, the Southwest border of D4 was brought further down into D2 which resulted in having more of the neighborhood of Silver Bluff together. The Northeast boundary of D5 was also extended east to Biscayne Boulevard which enabled all of Little River and Lemon City to be moved into the same district. D1 was shifted east to I-95 which allowed the entire Civic Center neighborhood to be moved into the same district. Additionally, a small portion of D5 was shifted east to North Miami Avenue which incorporates all of Wynwood into the same district. In total, at least five neighborhoods were fully incorporated or more closely aligned into the same district out of the 13 that were split. Therefore, the Proposed Plan only contains eight split neighborhoods that were unable to be moved into the same district or more closely aligned. ® Source: hitp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbothoods in Miami. Other maps consulted by the redistricting con- sultants included The Miami NET Neighborhood Map, hitp:/ /www.ci:miaml.us/Planning/pages/services/ ‘Maps asp; the City of Miami Planning District map, http:/ www.miamigov:com/ Planning/Maps/ PlanDist@8xt1 pdf; the Miami-Dade County Major Neighborhoods, http:/ /wwwbbeaconcouncil com/ ‘web/pdf/Miami_major_neighborhoodspdf; and the City of Miami Police Department District Map, hitp:/ J www.miami-police.ong/distric_maps htm, Miguel De Grandy, PA, Redistricting the Commission In addition to looking at the traditional neighborhoods, the redistricting consultants also took into consideration the boundaries of the Omni and Southeast Overtown Park West (SEOPW) CRAs. The boundaries of D5 were aligned so that it would contain most of the SEOPW CRA and the same was done for D2 so that it would contain the vast majority of the Omni CRA. Specific Principles Utilized in Preparing The Proposed Redistricting Plan ‘The Proposed Redistricting Plan was crafted using data the Census Bureau makes available to the States pursuant to U.S. Public Law 94-171, the same data used by the State of Florida in crafting the State's Congressional and Legislative districts. Although the data reflects the popu- lation of the as of April 1, 2010, itis presumed to be accurate for redistricting purposes even now. In addition, voter registration and election data, broken down by Census blocks, was also part of the data considered. Data from select general elections held during the period of 2006 to 2012 were also included in the model. Because of the use of secret ballots, there is no way to attribute Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission votes to specific blocks from data available from the Miami-Dade County Elections Department. However, votes were allocated to blocks in proportion to a particular block’s population within a precinct. This is a methodology that is commonly used by political scientists and was followed by the Florida Legislature in crafting the State House, Senate, and Congressional districts for the 2012 election. The redistricting consultants also looked at American Community Survey data, which was de- rived from surveys conducted by the Census Bureau separate and apart from the Decennial Census, and which reports certain social, financial, and housing characteristics. After taking the Census data into account and the requirements of law, the policy direction given by the Commission at the June 2012 meeting formed the basis for the changes shown in the Proposed Redistricting Plan. However, not all of the policy directions could be factored equally into each change. It should be recognized that each of the stated criteria has the possibil- ity of conflicting with each of the others. Preserving the present boundaries in all cases, for in- stance, would have prevented the ability to move boundaries to equalize population. Each of the policy directions were considered and balanced against each other by the redistricting con- sultants in drafting the districts The Subareas of the City of Miami After the close of all of the public meetings, redistricting consultants identified certain areas within the City of Miami for movement between one district and another in order to comply with legal requirements and to satisfy the criteria adopted by the Commission. In total, 16 subareas were identified and their boundaries and demographics were analyzed, Subareas 1 through 5 represent the cores of the existing districts. Subareas 6 through 16 are areas that represent proposed changes which are necessary to comply with legal requirements and substantially comply with Commission directives. A map showing the locations of the subareas can be found on the following page. A more detailed description of each subarea including a graphic showing its street boundaries and voter registration can be found in the subsequent pages of this report. Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 1 ‘Subarea Lis the core of District 1. Ithas a population of 77,704” that is overwhelmingly Hispanic, as shown on the pie ‘hart below. Eleven percent of its population speaks only English, while over 86 percent ofthe population speaks at least some Spanish. Persons of Cuban ancestry make up a bare majority ofthe population at 51.1 percent, with Cen tral Americans making up almost 28 percent, followed by South Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans. A plurality of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school. Sixteen percent of the population reported no income, 11 percent relies on Social Security, 29 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 7 percent are retired. More than a quat- ter of the population live at or below the poverty level, while a slight ‘majority has an income of 150 percent or more of the poverty level (One third of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Almost three-fourths of the population is privately ‘employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically the voters are 37 percent Democrats, 36 percent are Repuibli- ‘cans, and 27 percent are independent. ‘Movement: Remains the core of District 1 Justification: Meets the Commission directive of retaining the core of existing districts @ Black © Hispanic @ ‘Single Race White © Other & Asian The population figures for Subareas 1 through 5 inthis section of the report only reflect the population of the ‘Subareas themselves and not the orginal population ofthe existing districts Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 2 isthe core of District 2. Ithas a population of 82,421 that is split almost evenly between Hispanics and_non- Hispanics, as shown on the pie chart be- ow. Almost 40 percent of its population speaks only English, while half of the population speaks at least some Spanish. OF those individuals identified as His- Panics, persons of Cuban ancestry make ‘up 374 percent, with South Americans making up almost 31 percent, followed by Central Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans. Only 12 percent of the popula- tion over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while over half have either a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Twelve percent of the population reported no income, 19 percent relies on Social Secu- rity, 9 percent receives some form of pub- lic assistance, and 7 percent are retired Fourteen percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while more than three-fourths have an income of 150 percent or more of the poverty level. More than half of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Over two-thirds of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 46 percent Democrats, 26 percent are Re- publicans, and 28 percent are independent. ‘Movement: Remains the core of District 2 Justification: Meets the Commission directive of retaining the core of existing districts. Miguel De Grandy, PA Black @ Hispanic @ ‘Single Race White @ Other & Asian Redistricting the Commission Subarea 3 Subarea 3 isthe core of District 3. Ithas 1 population of 77,690 that, like in Dis- trict 1, is overwhelmingly Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart below. Only 8 percent of its population speaks only English, while 9 out of 10 residents speaks at least some Spanish. OF those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Central American ancestry make up 40.4 percent of the population, with Cubans following close behind at 39.3 percent, followed by South Ame: ‘cans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans. Forty-three percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 16 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fifteen percent of the population reported no income, 28 percent relies on Social Security, 27 percent re~ ceives some form of public assistance, and 6 percent are retired. Twenty-nine percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while only 21 percent have an income of 150 percent or more of the poverty rate, Less than a quarter of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their proper- ties. Two-thirds of the population is privately employed and the re- ‘mainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 32 percent Democrats, 39 percent are Repub- licans, and 28 percent are independent. ‘Movement: Remains the core of District 3. Justification: Meets the Commission directive of retaining the core of existing districts. @ Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 4 Subarea 4 is the core of District 4. It has a population of 80,354 and has the largest concentration of His- panic residents in the City, as shown on the pie chart below. Six percent of its population speaks only Eng- lish, while 91 percent speaks at least some Spanish. OF those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons cof Cuban ancestry make up 67.6 percent of the population, with Central and South Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans falling far behind. Thirty-one percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 21 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fourteen percent of the population reported no income, 33 percent relies on Social Se- curity, 21 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 9 percent are retired. Eighteen percent ofthe population live at or below the poverty level, while more than two-thirds have an in- ‘come of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate, A majority, 52 percent, of residents own their own home, with the rest rent- ing their properties. Sixty-eight percent of the population is pri- vately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 26 percent Democrats, 49 percent are Republicans, and 25 percent are independent. © Black @ Hispanic Movement: Remains the core of District 4 Single Race White © Other & Asian Justification: Meets the Commission directive of retaining the core of ex- isting districts. Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 5 Subarea 5 is the core of District 5. It has a population of 66,666 and has the largest concentration of Black residents in the City, as shown on the pie chart below. Fifty-six percent of its popula- tion speaks only English, while 22 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Cuban ancestry make up 26.2 percent of the population, with Central and South Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans fol- lowing behind. Thirty age of 18 have not finished high school, while 10 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Twenty-one percent of t percent of the population over the the population reported no income, 28 percent relies on Social Security, 31 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 11 percent are retired. Forty percent of the population lives at or below the poverty level, while 42 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Less than a third of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Seventy-one percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the gov- emment. Politically, the voters are 79 percent Democrats, 6 percent are Republicans, and 15 percent are independent. Movement: Remains the core of District 5. Justification: Meets the Commission directive of retaining the core of existing districts @ Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 6 contains the Shorecrest neighborhood of existing District 2. It has a population of 3,627 and and is nearly majority Black, as shown on the pie chart below. Thiety-four percent ofits population speaks only English, while 40 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Central American ancestry make up 28.3 percent of the population, with Cubans comprising 28 percent. Seventeen percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 23 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fourteen percent of the population reported no income, 24 percent relies on Social Security, 16 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 12 percent are retired. Twenty-one percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 58 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Fifty-one percent of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Sixty-eight percent of the population is pri- vately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government Politically, the voters are 62 percent Democrats, 13 percent are Re- publicans, and 25 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 into District 5 Justification: Compliance with 14th Amendment's one-person /one- vote principle requires movement of population. Moves the entire traditional neighborhood of Shorecrest in order to further comply with Commission directive to keep traditional neighborhoods. whole within one district where possible. @ Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, P.A Redistricting the Commission Subarea 7 @ Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA. Subarea 7 contains the portion of the Little River neighbor- hood which is not already in existing District 5. It has a population of 1,076 and is 58 percent Black, as shown on the pie chart below. Thirty-two percent of its population speaks ‘only English, while 37 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Ff those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Cen- tral American ancestry make up 32 percent of the population, with South Americans comprising 30 percent. Twenty per- cent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 37 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fourteen percent of the population re- ported no income, 22 percent relies on Social Security, 10 per- cent receives some form of public assistance, and 12 percent are retired, Twenty-one percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 70 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Forty-one per- cent of the residents own their own home, with the rest rent- ing their properties. Sixty-seven percent of the population is, Privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 71 percent Democrats, 7 percent are Republicans, and 22 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 into District 5 Justification: Compliance with 14th Amendment's one- person /one-vote principle requires movement of population. Moves the remainder ofthe traditional neighborhood of Lit- tle River into District 5 in order to further comply with ‘Commission directive to keep traditional neighborhoods ‘whole within one district where possible. Redistricting the Commission Subarea 8 Subarea 8 has a population of 1,711 and and is 51 percent Black, as shown on the pie chart below, Thirty-three percent ofits population speaks only English, while 36 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those indi- viduals identified a5 Hispanics, persons of Central American ancestry make up 31 percent of the population, with South Americans comprising 30 percent. Twenty-one percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 41 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fourteen percent of the population reported no income, 27 percent relies on Social Security, 8 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 4 percent are retired. Nineteen percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 75 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Forty-four percent of the resi- dents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Sixty- seven percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 69 percent Democrats, 7 percent are Republicans, and 24 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 into District 5. Justification: Compliance with 14% ‘Amendment's one-person /one-vote Principle required movement of popula- tion, and used Biscayne Boulevard as the new District 2/District 5 boundary in compliance with Commission direc- tive to use well defined natural or man- made boundaries. © Black @ Hispanic © Single Race White Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subareas 9 and 10 Miguel De Grandy, PA, Subareas 9 and 10 have no population or regis- tered voters, ‘Movement: Subarea 9 is moved from District 2 to District 5. Subarea 10 is moved from District § to District 2. Justification for Subarea 9: Used Biscayne Boule- vard as the new District 2/District 5 boundary in compliance with Commission directive to use well defined natural or man-made boundaries. Justification for Subarea 10: Used I-395 as the new District 2/District 5 boundary in compliance with ‘Commission directive to use well defined natural ‘or man-made boundaries. Redistricting the Commission Subarea 11 Subarea 11 has a population of 1,921 and and is 71 percent Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart below. Thirty-nine percent of its population speaks only English, while 54 percent speaks at least some Spanish. OF those individuals identified as His- panics, persons of Central American ancestry make up 40 per- cent of the population, with Cubans and Puerto Ricans almost tied at approximately 17 percent each. Fifty-six percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while only 6 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Eighteen percent of the population reported no in- come, 23 percent relies on Social Security, 29 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 4 percent are retired. Forty-five percent of the population live at or below the pov- erty level, while 33 percent have an income of 150 percent or ‘more above the poverty rate. Twenty-one percent of the resi- dents own their own home, with the rest renting their proper ties. Seventy-seven percent of the population is privately em- ployed and the remainder work for some form of the govern- ment, Politically, the voters are 56 percent Democrats, 19 percent are Republicans, and 25 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 to District 5. Justification: Compliance with Mth Amendment's ‘one-person one-vote Principle requires move- ‘ment of population. This change brings more of the traditional neighborhood of Wynwood into District 5. (Although ‘Wynwood may extend slightly further south, NW 22 St was used as the southern boundary for this change based on input © Black @ Hispanic within one district where feasible. This change maintains Single Race White the vast majority of the Omni CRA in District 2) © Other & Asian from the Commission to maintain CRA boundaries Miguel De Grandy, PA, Redistricting the Commission ‘Subarea 12 Miguel De Grandy, PA, Subarea 12 has a population of 383 and is 58 percent Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart below. Fifty-three percent of its population speaks only English, while 42 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those individuals identified as His- panics, persons of Central American ancestry make up 30 percent of the popula- tion, with Cubans making up 29 percent. Forty-three percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while only 5 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Twenty-three percent of the population reported no income, 28 percent relies on Social Security, 35 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 13 percent are retired. Forty-one percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 37 percent have an in- ‘come of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Twenty-five percent of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Seventy- five percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 65 percent Democrats, 13 percent are Republicans, and 22 percent are independent. ‘Movement; From District 5 into District 1 Justification: Complies with Commission directive to se well defined natural and man-made boundaries by moving the District 1/District 5 boundary to 1.95 and lowers the deviation of Dis- trict 1. © Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White (Other & Asian. Subarea 13 Miguel De Grandy, PA Subarea 13 has a population of 261 and is 76 percent Black, as shown on the pie chart below. Fighty-two percent of its population speaks only English, while 13 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those indi- viduals identified as Hispanics, persons of Puerto Rican ancestry make up 38 percent of the population, with Cubans making up 30 percent. Forty-nine percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while only 2 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Twenty percent of the population reported no income, 13 percent relies on Social Security, 38 percent receives some form of public assis- tance, and 13 percent are retired. Fifty-two percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 32 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Nineteen percent of the resi- dents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties Seventy-three percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 74 percent Democrats, 9 percent are Republi cans, and 17 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 to District 5. Justification: Corresponds to the boundary of the Park West CRA and is consistent with Commission direction and public hearing input to main- tain as much of a CRA area in one Commission district as feasible. © Black @ Hispanic @ Single Race White @ Other & Asian Redistricting the Commission Subarea 4 Subarea 14 has a population of 3332 and is 41 percent Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart be- low. Thirty-eight percent of its population speaks ‘only English, while 48 percent speaks at least some Spanish, Of those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of South American ancestry make up 40 percent of the population, with Cu- bans making up 26 percent. Seventeen percent of the population over the age of 18 have not fin- ished high school, while 34 percent report having ‘a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Twenty percent of the population reported no income, 9 percent relies on Social Security, 20 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 4 percent are re- tired. ‘Twenty-seven percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 56 per- cent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Only 12 percent of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Seventy-two percent ofthe population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the government. Politically, the voters are 64 percent Democrats, 11 percent are Republicans, and 25 percent are independ- ent ‘Movement: From District 2 into District 5. Justification: Compliance with 14% Amendment's one- person /one-vote principle required movement of population. Change also brings more of the Park West CRA into D5 to comply with Commission directive and public hearing input to maintain as much of a CRA area in one district as feasible. © Black @ ‘Hispanic © Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA, Redistricting the Commission ‘Subarea 15 Subarea 15 has a population of 1,984 and is 89 percent Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart below. Eleven percent of its population speaks only English, while 82 percent speaks at least some Spanish. Of those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Cuban ancestry make up 54 percent of the population, with Central Americans making up 21 percent. Twenty-two percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 29 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Fifteen percent of the population reported no income, 36 percent relies on Social Security, 17 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 7 percent are retired. Seventeen percent of the population live at or below the poverty level, while 66 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. ‘Twenty-six percent of the residents own their own home, with the rest renting their properties. Sixty-four percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the govern- ment. Politically, the voters are 30 percent Democrats, 41 percent are Republicans, and 29 percent are independent. ‘Movement: From District 2 into District 4. Justification; Compliance with 14% Amendment's one-person/ ‘one-vote principle required movement of population. Change brings more ofthe traditional neighborhood of Silver Bluff into District 4 to comply with Commission directive to maintain tra- ditional neighborhoods where feasible. Black Hispanic Single Race White Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, PA Redistricting the Commission Subarea 16 ‘Subarea 16 has a population of 327 and is 91 per- cent Hispanic, as shown on the pie chart below. Six percent of its population speaks only Eng- lish, while 92 percent speaks at least some Span- ish, Of those individuals identified as Hispanics, persons of Cuban ancestry make up 78 percent of the population. Thirty-six percent of the population over the age of 18 have not finished high school, while 23 percent report having a bachelors’ or graduate degree. Eleven percent of the population reported no income, 24 percent relies on Social Security, 19 percent receives some form of public assistance, and 15 percent EY SSL are retired. Twenty-one percent of the popula- tion live at or below the poverty level, while 68 percent have an income of 150 percent or more above the poverty rate. Fifty-two percent of the residents own their own home, 4 oO the rest renting their properties. Sixty-eight percent of the population is privately employed and the remainder work for some form of the govern- ment. Politically the voters are 28 percent Democrats, 46 percent are Republicans, and 26 percent are independ- ent. ‘Movement: From District 4 into District 1. Justification: Compliance with Commission directive to use well de- fined natural or man-made boundaries, © Black © Hispanic Single Race White © Other & Asian Miguel De Grandy, P.A Redistricting the Commission The Proposed Redistricting Plan Starting with a clean slate, there were an infinite number of possible ways to redraw the City’s five Commission districts to rebalance the population. The policy directives of the City Com- mission, the requirements of the United States Constitution and federal voting rights law, to- gether with numerous court decisions on what is required, as well as what is prohibited, during redistricting, narrowed the options available. Taking all of those requirements into considera- tion, the redistricting consultants recommend that the City adopt the Proposed Redistricting Plan. The map for the Proposed Redistricting Plan is shown on the second following page. The total population breakdown for each of the new proposed districts, together with each dis- trict’s racial and ethnic makeup can be found in the table below.* 1 73416 a7 185% 88.35 1263 455 2 82421 2530 317% 5233 1137 3438 3 77680 2201 276% 90.50 525 721 4 82,338 2487 306% 9197 265 668 5 78.598 297 “1% 2674 70.09 586 Total 399457 593% The distribution of voting age population within the districts in the Proposed Redistricting Plan can be found in the table below. 1 89.87 145 339 2 52.42 10.85 34.76 3 9191 534 591 ‘The percentage totals for the racial and ethnic groups in each district may total mote than 100 percent. The Census allows persons to se-identify as members of multiple groups. For instance, a resident could report as both Hispanic and Black. In that case, he or she would be included in both the Black and Hispanic groups for purposes of the Cen- sus, Rather than try to assume that the small number of persons who self-reported as both Black and Hispanic should be placed solely in either category, they were placed in both groups. However, the totals for a district may not reach 100 percent because the categories of Asians and Others are not shown. Miguel De Grandy, Pa, Redistricting the Commission 4 9323 267 347 5 28.05 6785 659 The Proposed Redistricting Plan reduces the overall population deviation between the districts from over 36 percent in the present plan to 5.93 percent, well below the judicially mandated limit of 10 percent. The Proposed Redistricting Plan also complies with the requirements of the Voting Rights Act by ensuring the continued existence of a district with a majority of both Black total population and voting age population. Given the political cohesiveness shown by Black voters in the City of Miami, it is expected that the configuration of District 5 under this new plan will continue to enable Black voters to elect their candidate of choice to the Miami City ‘Commission Miguel De Grandy, P.A Redistricting the Commission uejg Sunsrystpey "eae rureryy JO AWD. Miguel De Grandy, P-A Pending Issues To Be Addressed ‘The redistricting consultants have recommended to the City Manager that he schedule a work- shop public meeting for the review, discussion, and consideration of the attached Proposed Re- districting Plan. At that time, the redistricting consultants can answer questions and concems of Commissioners and address the technical aspects of the Plan. It is requested that the City Attor- ney schedule this matter for a time certain on the early part of the agenda on that day. The redis- tricting consultants would also strongly recommend that a vote on whether to approve the Pro- posed Districting Plan be taken as soon as is practicable. If such motion receives a favorable vote, a formal resolution to adopt the Plan should be presented for final adoption at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the City Commission. Your redistricting consultants will work with your Planning Department and the City Attomney’s Office to produce a resolution that will include detailed street boundaries for each district in the Proposed Plan. Please keep in mind that once the final redistricting plan is adopted, the Elections Department still has to prepare for and administer the November 2013 elections. Since the deadline to qual- ify as candidate for the November 2013 election is in mid-September, time is of the essence. Although the redistricting consultants have made every effort to ensure that the Proposed Re- districting Plan meets all of the requirements of the Constitution and the Voting Rights Act, it is possible that a dissatisfied voter could bring an action in federal or state court. Early adoption of the Plan will provide for sufficient time to litigate any issues raised without intruding into the time needed by the Elections Department to prepare for the November election. Miguel De Grandy, PA, Redistricting the Commission TAB 1 Miguel DeGrandy, PA. ebistietng the Commission REDISTRICTING THE ‘Table of Contents CITY OF MIAMI COMMISSION AFTER THE 2010 CENSUS. Exccutive Summary 1 Invroducton 1 ‘The New to Redisrict 1 Redistricting Criteria a Proms and Timeline 1 Process And Commission Di a Redistricting Standards 3 Direction Regarding Conducting Publi 3 Ustizaton of Data to Forcast Growth ‘ [Number of Draft Plans to Preset to the Commision ‘ Current Work and On-Going Analysis ‘ Redistricting Timeline, Process, and Legal Primer City of Miami 2010 7 The Population Soapsot 7 Population of Existing Distcts . Miguel A. De Grandy, Esq. & Stephen M. Cody, JD. naan ee . Legal Standards for Redistricting ” 1. Constitational Mandate fo Restrict and Reapporton u |) Historical Perspective on Redstsing, Unite StxesConetuton 2 38) Court Imposed Requirement To Restrict Popultion Differences Amongst Ds- ‘et. 3 1) The Obligation eo Redisret 3 2) Population Deviation “ 1 Roe, Language Minorities and Reapportionment 6 A) Predominant Factor Tet Race NeutalJusietions ” 38) Compelling Interest and tro Tlloing 6 ©) Race Neutral/Talonal Redisrcong Criteria » ) The Federal Voting Rights Act of 1968 a Summary zB ‘Executive Summary Inte Mach of hs yer thee emf Miguel De Grand. PA nd Socom Stephon Coty wer engage y the Cty of Mano develop 3a Sale Meiber District Flan or se inGity Commision sectors begaing athe 201 lection. The pur of hie parti ade ‘ae youl the work hal we epee conducting and tigger pr for fara evens As pat of hi repo sl proving you wth gl prime toe ‘mitre you wth leg ines elevan othe Reig Pre ‘The Needte Rede ‘he 2010 Genus reed hl he iyo Minn he tl ppt of 99857, an nea 10.2% sine 200. The goth however nats unorm aces lea he Cys Com son dates. Diiing the Cy’ option by ve rode amide population foreach trict 0 79391, Pras he tc wth he es populaton, Disc 2a 96.288 ps. sons andi 1642 perion abowe tidal Ditton the ter and aly hs 67.08 re lens which 2 $e below heel poplason Taken ogee ha 29.284 pron vince represent total deviation of 365% fom the el Redisicting Cote “They Charter ony gue tht thei mb othe iy Commis det om, ‘ingemembe districts but does ot otain cher exe edincing cite, Neher the lida Conc nt Flerds Sates conan ext sting einen it app to nips. The tational dst cera oer hy 2 ody at upptons i icades the of at r mantidegegrphicboundene. cng cepacia minting the om of exiting istics avoid vote deapton and canko,an inning comes fee tebe such stdin neighborhood bedi and conta or en ‘pementllyseniive aes, ng ter ° Proce and Timelie ‘The Constants ave begun to gtr demographic stand ction Ifoation They have met with County lecon and Housing Depart fale, gether with iy staf ram the "ang Deparment andthe Commity Redevelopment Aga. Ty have th mt with ‘ach ofthe Commisiner to bref them sts conn the Cy daring ths app ohmenteye ‘Thar ae umber of poy uethat ned be stein byte Carmo ning stich escing criteria wile emphasise, whether pbc megs il bel Before any rat plansare prepared. whether oe roth pane shold cre ithe etic lng and whether sing raf lan lil pln sal be prepare ‘ven the Cnmison’sivcton on hese pros mars ante ht heres ‘he Cty of Mi willbe competed bythe end of November 2012, Process And Commission Direction Wehave rut atthe City Managers fe pl atm on the City Commision’ Agenda rng the month Janes alow an poral t ake prsanadon ern el ou elvan othe ering pce cue populton api nd poly tierce the Commission ontevel es. When metings with ath Com ‘sone provided with alls inp gine! we cam only acto id by te js of Carinisiones acting a leisatve body. Ath Jane eg, we wll beeing pac deecan fom th Commision om tf ue, Redistiting Standards “The Cours ve ecopzed nd cep any rising standards omer toa Te von Rect Pincper’ hat ar employes rating dtscting pln, Diet uridine ie same ol ofthe ands ay poi wef ther sandal seotherseaxipted bythe courte. For enampl oly the izes of te Stat of lorie ‘rack annem he ada Coton whch probit the Faia Leite et stg site eglatve or ongreiona pln tobe dn withthe tet lavoro fer pole purty ersnincumtent. The snes direct ht discs hal tbe rn ‘ih cnet ut of denying or abriing el opp tcl oe inguage mir ‘esto partite inthe pital poe The sande rhe requ etal nit of ious erty ar enya in poplin iri ht is ‘halle compact ond shall whee esi xing pols an geographical bounds es (Act 652021, Fla Conet) County ané musi goverment arent ste to ee stand. fhe -Legel Sandan for Redalctig” ston el arihblow we provide a ‘orl informatin rg ping esting standards or your skein Direction Regarding Conducting Public Henin ‘Athough tien patpation nthe reiting proces isnt cniutonally aque many jurisietions have bec ows wurshoe an publ hear oppor n ode obtain “input om he decors ote juadcsn. Wershop ror crating preptaed eporton ‘men pln may beusefol cian en np pag commie neat ander selva ss eeing why iferet rea of the Cay hold rin ore in one iri, ‘The Commision thould dace wheter pulchesing or workshop wl be tized in ths setting poses. Daring the tec jl the City Coranion iced egal counsel conduc the pubic hearings in inthe Nathan te Cental ama aoe \beSouthem se ofthe ly. Appronimaly 7 resents pri inthe ag. list of Dat to Forecast Grom uring teat ediscing ce, dtr the Panag Dyan andthe surer wat tnd oomenst ese growth inthe dfn ae he iy. Th dati de “sons so whether foverpopuste or underppulat partial dein spain of ferent ates of eset growth within each dat. This apprash int contig ma ‘ht. Ab wil becuse further below al jitiesons da have sme sron devia from thee population neac dar ora atonal purpose However te ably to devine Isinted. Weantcpate that pln eat aon np dengan eet aes ofthe iy wi pedace ager over deviation nt rei mre ine of ede ‘os thectn dati ine han apn which dvs a actor poet growth amber of Deaf Plans fo Pein tothe Commision (Once al eleant tis aly ale pincpes a appli re may be many een approaches dating alten tn hata cot ag compl with he feat ‘ong Rights At (ics farther Belo) Inthe ef th iy of Mia the nin cheng ibe io ebalince the populations face 2nd. Of oun hea diferent method logs to acomplsh hs el The Commission shoul acide wher diet egal oe ‘oda one plan orth Cmisins aiden provide oro a plane hich my neler approacies and methods txomplha mblaning of popssbon "Normally he mor aerate resend he moras inate ive st al reul. Therefore your eisricing cous! emanate Commision coade di ng counsel to provide ter ne plan 2 os to forthe Canis cneideration Ot ‘ours, wheter er or wo plans are present forthe Comiisrt'sosderaion i wl ‘ways within the providence of the Camino th govring body ttle n- sel to make any cunges that itdcens appropri. insu ecumstine, gear wad ‘isthe Commision aso any leg conequences eu om such proposed chang. Tobe ‘le: legl urs le isto make ply dessins, oly to priser da plan ad norm ‘he Commision neg tes leant a such plan ny pope changes {Insumary sow am th ses which wel beeing poe isan rot the Com “Wether he district hold bed within the deviation emit by law or tehethar hey shouldbe drat wppevnteppalaton elit + Wath Dist 3 and hor population detains ray within the egal ceptable anges shold eft in ther caret canfartion or tahethr hi populations shod ale be balanced. + eter Distt shold be intentionally vepoplated an Dist? ‘shouldbe underopalte within the deviations porated by a to account forested population hanes ove then decade hear he proposed pl should tempt a peer th creo etn di rt ert minimise pte ter cenfsion Whether th pips plan should se atrlnd man-made estes tte tet possible a he ommdeie ofthe det + ier he proposed plas tempt to hep covmnti of terst Intact to the tot ha faible Wether a meeting or meting sould eel to gather inp mth aoe ‘hat he pai fel are important before proposed maps cet. 1 ctrl proposed map shone peeled penned othe ‘Commision or whether thee shold be mili map. Current Work and On-Going Analysis Throughout he lst wo month we ve een ting with iy nd County fal can Intrmation elvan 0 our wrk. nth ead weve nt withthe Mia-Dade County ections Supervisor Penelope Towra ra tad eels ncn = ‘ust for elon data ormat hat wil allow oreo evant ius ning ola tad voting ptr. We rl cornting wth Mi Twente smooth ‘easton ofseon plane. Ms. Townaey infor tht te Eaton Dpartnent wl ot ‘onda! he proces of precinct unl 203. Then the ed mie he rein splis inthe cuen precinct plan io lnge a emary ga. Neve, we wll | ‘nertce with er sa a we develop plano lms that the Eletone epartent ca inte ge the Cys propane plans in th w-pcnting pce Wehavealso me with the City of Mla ann Dc, Francis Cacia an hs ato ob ‘an intoratin ead ang aplenty MUSPs nd ober normation which vel facta frcastingreidentia growth nthe diferent rea fhe iy in cero np te this iedomuton nt our analy ar we wk lac th poplin ach nda sr We have ao met with Pater Beco of he CRA and Mami Dade County's Housing Department Directo Greg Ferner tian ther inormaton in hat pa ‘iehave completed intl meetings with each member fh hy Commission. As you know, uring hese meetings, we provided prin information mary the proce rd sought input fom you rearing adional eighbochods in your tan ter ies evant ‘ufo and constant Spe Cody ae conning the proce ft gathering and data nals. This proces wil take eral minh comple Atha ine, we wl haven concisons meting polarised voting pte nthe commun, demographics fo each ie tet and othe ntormation elvan ou wrk City of Miami 2010 ‘The Population Saapsot ‘The United Stats Contaton provides: “Representation and dic aes shall apportioned mang he several State which mayb nde within ths Union acoding thelr epective Nabers.Theacual Enumeration shal be mae within the Yer air heist Metin ot ‘the Congres of the Unted Safes an within every sequent Ter on Years nach Ma era they hall by Law dic” ‘The “actual Enumeration” efron nthe Cnston wat conducted on Api, 20, ving 1 demogzaphie mapehot” ofthe nation, The supe ofthe Cy of Mims reveled ht he opulition ofthe City had grown by 369820 102% over the ast dead 097457 The demographic breakdown ofthe Cu population shown inthe able below ‘Netre Hewain/ Oe Paice tence) span arcourted in the Canes a an ti rope than ae 20 thre were {2960 Hpi sng inthe Cy of Mars epreenting, 700% fhe Cy popaitn. By conta the non Hispanic White population ofthe Cy was oly 4755 which wa jst 14% of ‘he Gis population nd forthe nt Cnt, de up maler percentage th open ‘han the lak population Inaditon people who sete heels rr the West ini comprised 21.1% the population of Distr, bt nly 9% Dit aes than 2% nthe mann dats ‘Thebuikof the Cys Haltanpoplaton wae ao concentrated in Disc 5, where they made up 1746 ofthe poplin bt at than 9 nth te irc Population of Esstng Date “The map included th end fh secon sw the boundaries present Cy Camis sion dics. The nr fhe mapa incase popultion of howe ds andthe umber ‘treet wich ther exc oles than he el. The ale below shows the population ‘breakdown foreach ofthe edt (With total deviation of 5, the preset dc plan mlapoton and could ot be sustained cour change war bought ble the nest cton ee “The Citys Cane Challenge ‘The City of Mand een led a challenge the sf the 2010 Cen with he Cass ‘urea ning ive other arson in ka chalengng part the lca! population| count thas ben ported tht ty lenders and exper onthe Cea tee the cl er of Mia residents much high blaming the ow count on crn nderseporting ur locumente migrants non coupe fnew problems urigue olan he ity of (ene takes to pat uty guard at may ofthe nev con owes hat ie Bil ‘Avene downtown Mian and even Mstown Miami nd od few amish rived from Ha afer the January 2010 erhquake and who may have aoe the cant cut aro repinalaand depottion Weave nat reviewed th iy’ chlnge an fer mo opinion the canes oft imate sacs Weave tempted aan copy ofthe calg id by the Cy wth oe Cen ‘Buren However ence challenge led whith indie adr information it reso ‘Seni under Tie 13 ofthe Unie Sas Cn ncn ony be remedy ations ‘biting authori. (Under the caret Ges Bure ulations he “abit athry” forthe ty of Mis Mayor Tomas Reali) Momve weave cota the Census Ba reavan wereld hat given hea ofthe Chy’chaleg, they cold at timate wen hl evethes the Cy may proce with ts edstcing whe the ape i ping Even i the appeal lity ha some sce and cesium a hang il mot le he ‘ayo he esting pln. So, Da La, SOF Supp 24 54 (EDN 2008) Dea, Pains had ed an action apn ~ arg the hings~ hat bees he North {Carlin census numbers had ben vised afer an apes the Nath Cana Genel Ase ‘ys had a dy to we the comet cers atin te Rediicing Pian and fare oo ‘iad he Bia Proton Cate of the Und States Conan ‘The court in De conducted an exteive arly of feral pct inching Supreme ‘cor cse and conde that federal a des noting 3 dy to ane orice certs for estcng. Mat 63. The court ako revewod cae which stand fe the popetn fat ef conned en data maybe peril init ccumstancs However the cut Se several United States Sopeme Court pret which stand for the propose hat he legntive body has wide discretion in proseeding with eta of trict and tht ne Most ofthe cases detng with this ate pre atl cena in whi eet data co recon had aledy been made. Ast guste City pall pedi and the no ‘ime limit forthe Census Bureau's consideration of the ity halle Thee, be ‘ase of the ed allow suc! tine fr he County Deprtnent of Eton fo mpi the Cy the fc thatthe wedsticing pln at be enced before quali forthe 2019 ee ts nd because «dla in preg wth ting ay ger aco challenge Your relioicting eos! rcmmende that the Comminioncontnce with the proses of et ine Moroney alhigh the caret tntine else al penton «mein plan for ‘he Commision’ cnseraton i Deer = wel foe he Glyn dt forthe 21 lee tins ~ the City mt acount forthe poset that ny nated plan maybe challenged a court. Theo the proper en prdent coune acto comple refitting wel ahead ‘the quaying dates tor he nex eon tallow sfc met le any calenge hat nay blog gat the new plan Legal Standards for Redistricting ‘Thee govering misting combines mynd fp pip tom ase of ite er ncding the United Sates Coton nd Feral Stal winery meray cout lings Ata eu he le cn en cong eel wo, ny ‘ren oectny ‘Acomprberive epost ofthat could ny omy eve lame nth eprom their prc eating ‘recht nd hope ay undead acute en oe on ‘Povidethe member fhe Conmion witha woking owl oe timp ert ‘conte wil eo cil arpa ncing ew Sg Mabe Duct ‘Tou of elrcing cane uma with ne bs rice: + Each Commision dhe mt contin sgh propaonal name of ‘ecient wit the devistion pelted wdc lw, + The Gy mat net ngage inact perymandnring md +The new Common Sic mut ot ae re of minty commas on ow we have divided he dc f hai to scons Th et tion ‘mr the cotton mando eppotnand tp option deviation pe Inti under te aw. The soc secon deal wh te et cine ecg pos ‘econ cution peng Bh Fader eg igh At and ntepay with ged ‘he Eq Pron Cae te Used Ste Coat 1 Contato Mande Reda nd Reaperion reign mcg nitive dtc resid ye Unie Sat Conan tbe ‘rn asc ar chrviemalpprioced. Ivica saa he Cy’ {cing pan ove deviaon fpr 3 wth hat pope di at 0% ‘sow te population anh lana 20% above equi te Cy tenga ina ei ‘cng promo qtr he poputin anny edt atin 3 i i i | i ° ° 3 3 & 8 g 5 $ 2 = g = 5 2 ‘0 Hisericl Perspective on Reieicing: Usted Sates Citation ‘The cont of"renppotionment an redsting eds. Resppionnen! fo he proces proportional easing given number fsenn the Unie States Hon Reprseaies te spponton rcs ang tr dee shes hed mans la oto formate dtr pln arth nb of dic cer nner ecees, Relating fers to the proce of hugh the boundaries fay ven tie dr Thi primer vl focuson evicting, However ty beens bly provide wir: sl perspec tn ve backround ad ene the Cl upeoming po ‘The Gr Cofsprmis” of oar costusos ssa governet was our Founding ates Seton of aera etry wth th Hous of Represent compred ost numbec ‘of members properionaey dtl among te sae acndingo tes population As rt the Unite tater Canatston rites esportonment of House Represent ‘esto drut cach of th Hout of Reprints 5 eit betwee th tte wd squlie popustion tener dss within cach ste Spiel Are, Scion 213 {heated States Constton states: “Reprints, salle aportond mang he wea! states according othr especie numbers” I faker regs tha "hs Ber: tion. made within thre yas afer the rt meg of th Cong of he Unt St and ihn every absequent tr tn years isch mera thy shally iw dct” Stn ol the 4h Amendment frre tht Repent hall be ppertioned aang sea stats cording othe spect uber, cuning he whl ae pero mach, ‘state xing Indian not tse” Infurhrace tthe constatonal mandattamappton, the Unie Sia Cane deed he Consus Ae 13 USCS ee, The Cnzu Act ete that othe Secret of ‘Comme to “ake deni est populton at othe st dy of Ap fc yur” See IBUSC 614) arth requ at the Deprtnetof Care complex ppl ‘hon ulation foreach tt nd rept the Pein ofthe Usd te the rnb De- comber 3st ofthe census year See 15 USC § 1410). The siden mit then epoca Cane 7 sing thenfrmation povided bythe Set th rm mepresettes fo which ‘cht oud be end. ‘Avhough he Cons was cata whi to determine congestion apportionment he ua icin by vtually ever sate nde uricion at enagesin he pres f rei ting, ‘By Apr st the yur towing the Census enumeration, th Serr of Commer provides {dette population pot tthe Gover athe Majority a Mii Leader f each ows of the site ioe. Thee reports provide he bass or deal tated cl go emma decennial radscing plns eatin cena pan tn le bsg down population deta by Had enact, wing isa he corporat nis too es and counter Tnormation alo genet cota popason eal by ace, pining an voting age 1 Céurt tiposed Requirement Te Redes Population DMeencr Amongst Diss. ‘Acacia sve the anda oportin congress dates devel ot Ane Secian2of the Unie Suis Constaon. Hower the ty at cl and manip gor- mentored ares rom thee Protect Claus fhe 14h Amerie othe "Uned tits Conitaon This intone sgnient ba, wil be iaruned blow, ile rales apy with espe equaling populition of congestion and waft _overumant dsc plas DT Obiptionto Redan “TheCty Commision obit to reset bse on he ally copa rip com monly reeds one porno we" ier Cr, 340 US 182) Rey Si [771.599 (860) These cae deste pace in sever sates ab as the cei Baer Reyne of minting dt celtics tht wes ebay fete in Populiin sch aan tan it contain 250000 peopl ling one prot e Ste House of Reprisal Hoe ditt in th sme sat contig ony 7380 people. The Supreme Cont cde thal hee wide varie bong tt popu ‘ins een each voten the dist wilh he sale populton carrying wi ak ote inthe apr dsc. In Rey he Unites Supeme Cot ed tht the 1th Ament eid th sat state egsaturs be reicrced on populaton bs, nit now famous worse Supreme ‘Cou cede {tbe baspinpe of epsentatve goverment rain and it ein unchanged =the weight of ies ote canna be mado depend on whee ‘vs population of aeceety thet ott render a the controling cteron or padgmentn = epustiveapportorinen contoversi. ‘The Eq Proation Cae demands than subs il te leit epson fal iin ofl pce aaa al ces. We ‘hold tht as base contin tnd he Equal Precio Clase og thatthe sats inh Hous bcm te lett mat be apportioned ‘ons population bss. (77 US. at 367-488) ‘The Coutin Rel went on to conde toe rising wa aon sppronch roads epaltive representation tik in coederatonppulion shi and promt at [584, The Court ecard that ay es ue actin’ would be cect spect in ey» Mien County 390 US. (74(1968, he Una Ste Sree Ca ppd the ‘Rey acson oo governments. The Cour conde“ te Coston pets ne util variation i egal poplaion in drawing oi ole ovement, having gener goverment powers afte enti grorphi ae vey he ody” 21 Population Devistin. using his ett procs, you my head ad pated erence ono “deitin” nade t detect dg of evi of iti ne mst ft ie ‘otal popion ofthe usin the number of ace The eng ber hen ‘hein populaton. Any varne fom ted popeaon numba gererally fered | saldeviation:Forerampl fa distct I ple 20 deviation, tment he poplin of he deri 20% punter he ie” population. ‘Another way the evn acne by comping the lowe pope sd ight pape Ind ii toon the “maximum deo” which my la beer oe “oven evo”. For example in th cn ofthe City of Mian he mnt pope dnt Out 3) Isat pls 208 deviation and he meat nderpopuie tc (Ds) ate mii 0 evton. Therefor te vr devin af he plan 26. Asti dscssd above he murat to eapportn Congress dtc and edict state anda dis iso rr deren scons af the Cnn As sch the ae irene reuiemensepartng population vito ht fw wc fy he eet ‘hone ofthe constttion In later Sender, 764.1 (1961 he Used Sh Sapo Cate tat the on mand of Art 152 that representatives be chore by he pele the ever sa ess tha seals preczable, nema wie na Cones een abe worth ae much at heathen” 5165.21 7-6 Therefore al tht the ppulton deviation aang the lage an ema sie ina Congreso lan (the overl eon) ily pa i ‘ssn vot The eel enacted Flori corer apt pln ached ‘tat evel of population quay with 2 ofthe dtr having an el ppuion of 65, adie dtc with oe leiden each. For state lepltive ad loa govern ic th corte have permit» pret pope tin deviation amang ssrA he Supreme Cour obervedin Ryall ht enesry ‘when dang tt lpia its ool goverment dct we Ary is cheving “sant eqaly of pope meng the various arcs. 377. at 9. The pee “stanley of popular” hae came gnally man that gia oan ramet plan wl not beheld ite the Eg rtection cle maximum devin wana ond args otic ee hn 0%. Chapa 2 M420 US. 75) {inn Fh 491 USAT C77 rae: Thompsn 4 US. 8.491985) ("Our decison ave stblshed, pe gemaal mal dt an porn’ plan witha maimum population deviation under 10% ls within ts xagry of minor deviation) Wns» Que, 30? 1U5.186 098) nat east wo aes Malo Hol, 10 US. 515 (57) and Vick tS. Sprme Cot ‘uphold sat lepsanve arcing pars with devia betwee the sale lg i tcf more thn 10% In Mahe US Supreme Cour phelps Hose of Deesee reiting plan hat had deviation beter de smal nape atic (16% The preme Cour determine tht he Gener Asembis deseo prev pltesl bin, ‘bunds jie the deviation among des tn Veith Supreme Cot eee & tet clas toca icant face on anual bs wth ote oe" Se Vii S07US at M6; Grmes Eno, 7 US 2. ‘Terr conaing the wo competing ea pricipies canbe ad haa edricing, hin may bereconcio tothe ett ecesry ta campy wth Feral ting igh Act lout ot ces hee nei the onemding or prominin he cmt tt A) Pretominant Factor Tat Race Nota Jictions ‘TheSuprme Cour har ral waa emulation th “Prominent aco”. age Staive scion estaba ew legate dss bjt sist He else elation. s0 eres ropa nk eat it tony «ane viewed only a orto erate efor pups of ving, thou rege fot taditonal ening pnp. Shaw, US. 2 ace foritsown ste, nd nah dsticting prices wath lt’ ooinat and contig eaonein ding tic ine. Ml, S14 US. a6 “Teste as i once issn eged fcitamary sn tena redicting practices. Mi S15 US 0528 (0'Comor J curing) nit Crome S26 US. 58 (98 he Cor ade the ef what majoiy- not ise may scape srt scat view the sate can ni ha these of he hse was predominantly the elon aso whith aco lea hopen to have strong conan withrac. In hte, he ii cont ral Summary dno despite het tha athe ang the tt reste in the arm the aa deleting hess content cars ther han ee npn the shape of the dacs mney. po Iie gerymandering to ests strong Dooce iis. These adamantane that ih ening the disc "they tempt inert o aha fo tditonaldcing ‘tens ants peeve th xsi partisan al nthe Sine congo! dlpation” ‘51. Inadon the Sia resend anespertsalSdt nang the actual wtng paths throughout th ret andthe ares ordering te dsc. The ep conde ha ce bad ie creation with voting pies nd pla deneston. The Court ld ha Summary Jugrent war ipprpriate cass the Leia beatin was a mai = ‘ual question that wasn disput at he Dist Cou nar apy the se sry ‘este Court eid a dng thal ice was he “predominating th a Iau ring shine a 5S The Cou racogrzad that sate my “epg in cone ‘utonal pia! gerymandering evento happes that he roel Denar happen 0 te blckDemerat and even th rte were coef tht emphasing) cus he egisatve body's nent or motion n adopting given pln ten the centr sue na isting judicial pute icing hal he Comision ashe governing yo the City ndertand the ign hs ue. Tie why~ port commencing he proceso dating the plane oa em willy dices yu as to which rae tal edseing standards you wiehto ave lsd or emphasndn cen the new singe-ember dre psn, Our willbe ono and lngunge minor ues, Solara is recanary to detemineaplaiy wd comple with te Fea eights ‘Ac bat willie by fy ccs provid bythe Conon lising there ce er eo asthe main onirtons in cei th Pa, 1B Campeling net nd Narow Tring ‘The US Supreme Court his ele conte tndods to deter ifthe sates ras ovement distin pan survives sre satiny evn Th Courts nd compe lings ret nether of two creams: (eed pat rmination: oem Ping wth Feral Wing Rigs A. node for plano sic hat evn predomi ‘nay for al considerations to anv, th aratcson must pve th lowing: (that he

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