Culture is the ideas of customs and civilization, etc.

in a particular society or group of people,

or practices practiced by people in their societies during their lifetime. When two or more
cultures are gathered, this will result in what we call cultural confrontations. In more detail,
cultural encounters can be the result of globalization, wars and migration that have left
behind diverse societies with different cultures. These meetings can be between different
religious groups, different policies and rules, different concepts, beliefs and traditions,
different languages and different historical backgrounds. However, these cultural encounters
have a great impact on individuals and communities because when confronted with two
different cultures, this can lead to intellectual and technological changes, developments in
economic translations, and various translations of cultural expressions as well as wars,
professions and trade which can ultimately be the cause of many changes in people's
personalities and communities that can rise or fall. In literature we can see different kinds of
cultural encounters, as in the short story "Martha, Martha" by director Zadie Smith.

In the story, a real estate agent named Pam Roberts offers a client, Martha Penk, two
properties before Martha decides not to buy either. Pam Roberts is a middle-aged and mid-
Western woman who usually enjoys a great sense of humor, but is fond of chatter and
sometimes expresses xenophobia. When she arrived in Massachusetts a week ago, Martha
had unrealistic concepts about the types of property she could afford. She seems to have
been part of the working class in England, but hopes to join the university and develop
cultural knowledge. She is constantly subjected to a rude and abrupt behavior, which has led
her to conclude that she is rather strange and somewhat non-civil. At the end of the story,
Martha's behavior seems to be the result of emotional turmoil. She seems to have left her
son and father to chase her academic dreams, and her anger seems to explain why she
abruptly refused to buy and leave the second property.

The story shows the author's knowledge of the concept of "cultural encounters", as she
employs the script as a whole for this concept, and can take a theme from the script in an ad
hoc format, as Martha and Pam, Martha is a Nigerian, while Bam is described since the
beginning of the story as "mid-Western by birth" Writing also employs words in this story,
such as "Arking", giving a glimpse that Martha is not entirely English. The abbreviations in a
non-foreign conversation are "I make mistake. Sorry, please ", and Martha's response to
"yeah" as yes is absent. Can also be seen using the third narrator as the organizer of the
novel, and how he focuses on Pam over Martha even that the story in her name!