Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, and for behavior obtained and transmitted

by symbols, which constitute the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their
embodiment in artifacts; the essence of culture consists of traditional ideas (such as derived
from history and chosen) Related; culture systems, on the one hand, can be regarded as the
product of action, on the other hand, as conditional elements of future work. "Cultural
encounters" means interaction, exchange and clash between cultures on more than one
hand. Brown argues that cultures "converge" through wars, migrations, jobs or tourism.
Globalization plays a big role in these "encounters," and argues that people's identities are
threatened by change. This can be seen clearly in the short story "Martha, Martha" by Zaidy
Smith.

Pam is the heroine of the story - not Martha - because the story focuses more intensively on
her. We know about Pam who likes rumors, what she really thinks, when she lies, and what
she feels about others. Pam is a real estate agent, medium-aged, showing her understanding
of the concept of "cultural encounters" in more than one position, the most important being
her first position with the man "large, dark, bearded man in a sheepskin overcoat", When he
spoke to her, her first impression was '' ‘This temping agency?’ he asked, a heavy accent,
quickly identified by Pam as Middle-Easterny. A Middle-Easterny scarf, too, and a hat". Pam
distinguishes between people of different cultures, we see her not caring if men stare at her
strangely, but she stare at them too. She also gives impressions of Martha as poor,
uneducated, black, with no features, and her back view is neater than the front, and "From
behind she was an even more neatly made girl than from the front". Pam showed that she
did not know Martha, and she could not understand her, what kind of natural conversation
she had. She also reflects her comments without caring for those around her, when she sees
a group of men playing with snow commented to it as "Egyptian or Iranian or something.
They were so sheepish about it. They were so embarrassed. I don’t think they’ve ever seen
snow before! ". She also treats Joseph better than Martha, although he is a foreigner, but he
is handsome. She does not care about the feelings of others. She can lie and comment
ironically about Martha.