A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Opening Prayer:
Let us remember Jesus in our hearts and in our midst as we pray,
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.
We pray to You, O God, to enlighten our minds, to direct our wills, so that we may seek only what is right and just, Amen.

I. LEARNING TARGETS

 Identify and differentiate fundamental quantities from derived quantities;

 Convert units from one system to another;
 Solve measurement involving conversion of units;
 Express the measurement in scientific notation;
 Differentiate accuracy from precision; and
 Demonstrate honesty, accuracy, and precision in making measurements and in gathering
and reporting data.

LESSON: MEASUREMENT IN PHYSICS

1. Measuring Process
2. Scientific and Unit Conversion
3. Accuracy and Precision

II. ACTIVATION ZONE

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, “Most countries around
the world have seen cases of COVID-19 and many are experiencing an outbreak. There are
a set of guidelines to protect yourself and stop spreading coronavirus.
1. First, regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
wash them with soap and water.
2. Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and others.
3. Always check your temperature it should be 38 C and wear your mask.

As you can see following safety measures greatly helps us to keep ourselves safe. The number
of coronavirus cases in the country might hit as high as 95,000 by the end of August, according to a
recent projection of the UP COVID-19 Pandemic Response Team.

Using data from the Department of Health , the team projects the cumulative count of cases by end-
August will be at 78,641. This is the average of the highest and lowest numbers of cases forecasted by
the team come August 31, which currently stands at 61,332 to 95,590.

LESSON 1: MEASUREMENT PROCESS

III. LEARNING ZONE

Key Point/s:

Measurement refers to the quantification of results

obtained by using measurement tools. As such,
inspection refers to comparing the values obtained
through measurement with available references to
determine whether a product is acceptable or not. Now,
we face the pandemic, the accurate data being
fundamental to any serious and effective response to
the COVID-19 crisis, it is troubling to hear that the
University of the Philippines’ Resilience Institute has
flagged some “alarming errors” and “inconsistencies” in
the Department of Health’s (DOH) data on COVID-19
cases in the country.

Illustration 1

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

LECTURE:
What is measurement in Physics?
Measurement is the process of finding the length, size, or quantity of a substance. Since
ancient times, people have used several ways to measure length. A physical quantity (like length)
has to be measured with respect to some fixed quantity.
A fixed quantity with respect to which quantity is called unit. A unit is used as a standard of
measurement. In early times, people used different parts like hand span, cubit, and fathom to
measure length.

Two systems of units have evolved: the Metric system and the English system.
The metric system has two variations:
 m,k,s meter, kilogram, and second
 c,g,s centimeter, gram, and second

The English system is otherwise known:

 fps foot, pound , second
.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES – may either be fundamental or derived.
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES -are basic quantities that are independent of one another. The SI (unit)
fundamental quantities are length, mass, time thermodynamic, temperature electric current,
luminous intensity, and amount of substance.

DERIVED QUANTITIES are a combination of fundamental quantities.

For example: Speed may be defined as the distance traveled (length) divided by time. Other familiar
examples of derived quantities are acceleration, density, work and energy.

S=d/t
.
Practice: 1

Direction: Identify whether the given units is Fundamental or Derived Quantities.

Units Quantities
1. Centimeter
2. F = ma
3. m = w /g
4. kilogram
5. Joules
6. F = 9/5 ( ° C) + 32

LESSON 2: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

LECTURE:

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION -is a way of writing large or small numbers. A number is written in scientific
notation when a number between 1 and 10 is multiplied by a power of 10.

To create the scientific notation form, the number of digits counted becomes exponent, with
the base of 10. Count left and the exponent is positive; count right and it is negative.

Step 1: Put the decimal after the first significant digit.

Step 2: Indicate how many places the decimal moved by the power of 10.

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

1. The speed of light is approximately 300,000,000 m/s

Solution:
300, 000,000 m/s = 3 x 108 m/ s

2. The mass of a strand of hair is approximately 0.000, 000, 63 kg.

Solution:
0. 000 000 63 kg = 6.3 x 10 -7 kg.

UNIT CONVERSION-is a multi-step process that involves multiplication or division by a numerical factor,
selection of the correct number of significant digits, and rounding.

Illustration 2

English-to-English Conversion

Conversion involving English units is a bit tricky since relationship between two English units differ from
each other. Familiarization of the conversion table between English units is important in English-to-
English conversion.

Here are the steps:

Step #1: Identify the units used.

Step #2: Determine the relationship between the units.
Step #3: Determine the conversion factor (in fraction form).
The denominator should have the same unit as the original measurement.
Step #4: Multiply the original measurement by the conversion factor.

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Example 1
Convert 30 inches to feet

Step #1: Identify the units used.

The units are inches (in) and feet (ft).

Step #2: Determine the relationship between the units.

12 in = 1 ft

Step #3: Determine the conversion factor (in fraction form).

Take note that the denominator should have the same unit as the original measurement.
The original measurement is in inches.
So, the denominator of the conversion ratio should be in inches.
The conversion factor is 1ft / 12 in

Step #4: Multiply the original measurement by the conversion factor.

30 in x 1 ft / 12 inc = 2.5ft
Therefore, 30 in = 2.5 ft

Example 2
Convert 16 pints to quarts.

Step #1: Identify the units used.

The units are pints (pt) and quarts (qt)

Step #2: Determine the relationship between the units.

1 qt = 2 pt

Step #3: Determine the conversion factor (in fraction form).

Take note that the denominator should have the same unit as the original measurement.
The original measurement is in pints.
So, the denominator of the conversion ratio should be in pints.
The conversion factor is 1qt /2pt

Step #4: Multiply the original measurement by the conversion factor.

16pt x 1qt / 2pt1 = 8qt
Therefore, 16 pt = 8 qt

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Illustration 2

Metric-to-Metric Conversion

Converting a metric unit to another metric unit is the easiest as compared to the other conversions.
Familiarization on the equivalent values of the prefixes is important in metric-to-metric conversion.

Here are the steps:

Step #1: Identify the base unit.

Step #2: Determine the prefixes used and their equivalents.
Step #3: Subtract the prefix exponent of the converted unit from the prefix exponent of the original
unit.
Step #4: Move the decimal place of the original measurement according to the value of the
exponent.

• If the difference is positive, move the decimal place to the right.

• If the difference is negative, move the decimal place to the left. Fill in the extra spaces with zeros.

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Example 3
Convert 2.5 decimeters to centimeters.

Step #1: Identify the base unit.

The base unit is meter (m).

Step #2: Determine the prefixes used and their equivalents.

dm means decimeters.
The prefix is deci which is equivalent to 10-1.
cm means centimeters.
The prefix is centi which is equivalent to 10-2.

Step #3: Subtract the exponent of the prefix equivalent of the converted unit from the original unit.
The exponent of 10-1 is –1.
The exponent of 10-2 is -2.
–1 – (-2) = 1

Step #4: Move the decimal place of the original measurement according to the value of the
exponent.
• If the difference is positive, move the decimal place to the right.
• If the difference is negative, move the decimal place to the left.
Fill the extra spaces with zeros.
The difference 1 is positive.
So move the decimal point by 1 decimal place to the right.
Therefore, 2.5 dm = 25 cm

Example 4
Convert 600 milliliters to liters.

Step #1: Identify the base unit.

The base unit is liter (L).

Step #2: Determine the prefixes used and their equivalents.

mL means milliliters.
The prefix is milli which is equivalent to 10 -3.
liter is a base unit so it has no prefix which is equivalent to 10 0 .

Step #3: Subtract the exponent of the prefix equivalent of the converted unit from the original unit.
The exponent of 10 -3 is –3.
The exponent of 100 is 0.
–3 – 0 = –3

Step #4: Move the decimal place of the original measurement according to the value of the
exponent.

• If the difference is positive, move the decimal place to the right.

• If the difference is negative, move the decimal place to the left.
Fill the extra spaces with zeros.
The difference –3 is negative.
So move the decimal point by 3 decimal places to the left.

Therefore, 600 mL = 0.6 L

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Practice: 2

Direction: Convert the following units. Express your answers in scientific notation.

1. 3cm = m

2. 5km = cm

3. 5g = kg

4. 10m = km

5. 12inc= ft

LESSON 3: ACCURACY VERSUS PRECISION

LECTURE:
How do professional basketball players improve their shooting accuracy?
Basketball is one of those sports where you need to hit the target. A football field goal kicker
might have room for some deviation from a straight line – for college and pro football there is an 18
foot 6-inch space for the ball to go through. In basketball, the basket is only 18 inches across and the
ball is a little less than 10 inches across – not much room for error. The ball has to be on target in order
to go into the basket and score.
In everyday speech, the accuracy and precision of the terms are frequently used
interchangeably. However, their scientific meanings are quite different. Accuracy is a measure of
how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being
measured. Precision is a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another. Precise
measurements are highly reproducible, even if the measurements are not near the correct value.

Darts thrown at a dartboard is helpful in illustrating accuracy and precision

The distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between accuracy and precision.

Assume that three darts are thrown at the dartboard, with the bulls-eye representing the true, or
accepted, the value of what is being measured. A dart that hits the bulls-eye is highly accurate,
whereas a dart that lands far away from the bulls-eye displays poor accuracy. The
figure above demonstrates four possible outcomes.

a. The darts have landed far from each other and far from the bulls-eye. This grouping demonstrates
measurements that are neither accurate, nor precise.

b. The darts are close to one another, but far from the bulls-eye. This grouping demonstrates
measurements that are precise, but not accurate. In a laboratory situation, high precision with low
accuracy often results from a systematic error. Either the measurer makes the same mistake

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

repeatedly or the measuring tool is somehow flawed. A poorly calibrated balance may give the
same mass reading every time, but it will be far from the true mass of the object.

c. The darts are not grouped very near to each other, but are generally centered on the bulls-
eye. This demonstrates poor precision, but fairly high accuracy. This situation is not desirable in a
lab situation because the “high” accuracy may simply be random chance and not a true
indicator of good measuring skill.

d. The darts are grouped and have hit the bulls-eye. This demonstrates high precision and high
accuracy. Scientists always strive to maximize both in their measurements.
Given value below is an example of data used by scientist or to compute/solved certain problem/s.
Examples:
Known Density = 3.11 g/mL Known Height = 4.5 m
1. Test Results 3.77, 3.81, 3.76, 3.80 1. Test Results 4.4 , 4.5 , 4.6 , 4.7
Precise, not accurate ______________________________
2. Test Results 3.04, 3.20, 3.13, 3.07 2. Test Results 4.11, 4.15, 4.19, 4.23
Accurate, not precise ______________________________
3. Test Results 3.11, 3.12, 3.12, 3.10 3. Test Results 4.10 , 4.20 ,4.30 , 4.40
Both ______________________________

Practice: 3

Direction: Identify if the given dart is Accurate, Precise, or Neither.

A more detailed explanation is available at www.schoology.com. Happy Learning!

Other Learning Resources: www.schoology.com.

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

IV. DISCOVERY ZONE

ACTIVITY NO. 1
Directions: A. Convert the measuring units as indicated. Show your solution! (2ptseach

Problem Solution
1. 60 in to ft

2. 36ft to yd

3. 2cm to mm

4. 1cm to m

5. 1kg to mg

6. 2yd to ft

7. 900 cm to m

8. 500km to cm

9. 10000hrs to second

10. 1yd to cm

Directions: Convert each of the following values in scientific notation. (2pts)

Problem Solution
11. 3750 km
12. 72, 000, 000, 000
13. 580, 000 cm
14. 0.000, 054 m/s
15. 0.000, 000, 000, 835 kg

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 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

Direction: Identify the given test results or illustrations if it’s Accurate, Precise, Both or Neither?
Known Density = 3.35 g/mL

16. Test Results 3.77, 3.81, 3.76, 3.80

17. Test Results 3.02, 3.20, 3.13, 3.07

18. Test Results 3.11, 3.12, 3.14, 3.10

19. 20. 21.

V. AHA! MOMENT

Write three things you have learned from the lesson.

1._________________________________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________________________________

Write two things you found interesting and you like to know more about it.
1.________________________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________________________

Write one question you want to clarify about the lesson/s.

1.________________________________________________________________________________________

Closing Prayer:
Let us remember Jesus in our hearts and in our midst as we pray,
We give you thanks O Lord, for those who saw and harvest, for those who teach and who are taught, Amen.
Saint John Nepomucene, pray for us.
Jesus, You are my Lord, my happiness lies in You alone.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.

ONLINE REFERENCES:
Scientific Notation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Chem Tamu: https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-
scnot.html
Accuracy and Precision. (n.d.). Retrieved from wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision
Accuracy vs. Precision IN estamination. (n.d.). Retrieved from images:
https://images.app.goo.gl/tzrwdV9ZToWda46A6
https://www.google.com/search?q=Measurement+Word+Search&client=opera&sa=X&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAON
QF5LUr0jW18_VNzApMTSxAjFM8woN0hxS85SwSeVmlwOltORyU0sSrfQrChLzUnOAyvLzklMLSqyKM1NSyxMri6OEclMTi0uL
UnNT80oUSooyyzITFzEKgMwrSk3LzAOL6xv8YhQLcPUP8HFVcPQJ9lcIdnUMcvZ. (n.d.).
https://www.keyence.com/ss/products/measure/measurement_library/basic/measurement/. (n.d.).
Image of temperature measurement. (n.d.). Retrieved from google:
https://www.google.com/search?q=temperature+measurement+covid&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiPra7998HqAhUTx
4sBHYanAX8Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=measurement+covid&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgYIABAFEB4yBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQBRAeMgYI
ABAFEB4yBggAEAgQHjIGCAAQCBAeMgYIABAIEB4yBggAEAgQHjoECCMQJz
Student Health and Welness. (2020). Retrieved from University of Virginia: http://www.universityofvirginia.com
COVID-19 cases may hit 61,000 to 95,000 by end-August – UP experts. (2020, July 24). Retrieved from CNN:
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/4/UP-experts-projection-coronavirus-cases-end-Week August.html
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accuracy versus precision. (n.d.). Retrieved from ck12: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-
2.0/section/3.12/primary/lesson/accuracy-and-precision-chem
 A Learning Module in General Physics 1

PARENT’S/ GUARDIAN’S FEEDBACK/QUESTION:

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Signature

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